research-article

Fostering Civil Discourse Online: Linguistic Behavior in Comments of #MeToo Articles across Political Perspectives

Authors:

Eugenia Ha Rim Rho,

Melissa MazmanianAuthors Info & Claims

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Volume 2, Issue CSCW

Article No.: 147, Pages 1 - 28

https://doi.org/10.1145/3274416

Published: 01 November 2018 Publication History

Abstract

Linguistic style and affect shape how users perceive and assess political content on social media. Using linguistic methods to compare political discourse on far-left, mainstream and alt-right news articles covering the #MeToo movement, we reveal rhetorical similarities and differences in commenting behavior across the political spectrum. We employed natural language processing techniques and qualitative methods on a corpus of approximately 30,000 Facebook comments from three politically distinct news publishers. Our findings show that commenting behavior reflects how social movements are framed and understood within a particular political orientation. Surprisingly, these data reveal that the structural patterns of discourse among commenters from the two alternative news sites are similar in terms of their relationship to those from the mainstream - exhibiting polarization, generalization, and othering of perspectives in political conversation. These data have implications for understanding the possibility for civil discourse in online venues and the role of commenting behavior in polarizing media sources in undermining such discourse.

References

[1]

Albright, J. 2016. The #Election2016 Micro-Propaganda Machine. Jonathan Albright.

[2]

Andrew Perrin 2015. Social Media Usage: 2005--2015.

[3]

Appiah, K.A. 2018. Do I Have to Tell My Father About My #MeToo Experience? The New York Times.

[4]

Bakshy, E., Messing, S. and Adamic, L.A. 2015. Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook. Science. 348, 6239 (Jun. 2015), 1130--1132.

[5]

Barthel, M. and Mitchell, A. 2017. Americans' Attitudes About the News Media Deeply Divided Along Partisan Lines.

[6]

Baumeister, R.F., Bratslavsky, E., Finkenauer, C. and Vohs, K.D. 2001. Bad is stronger than good. Review of general psychology. 5, 4 (2001), 323.

[7]

Beasley, A. and Mason, W. 2015. Emotional States vs. Emotional Words in Social Media. Proceedings of the ACM Web Science Conference (New York, NY, USA, 2015), 31:1--31:10.

Digital Library

[8]

Benford, R.D. 1997. An insider's critique of the social movement framing perspective. Sociological inquiry. 67, 4 (1997), 409--430.

[9]

Benford, R.D. and Snow, D.A. 2000. Framing processes and social movements: An overview and assessment. Annual review of sociology. 26, 1 (2000), 611--639.

[10]

Bennett, J. 2018. The #MeToo Moment: Navigating Sex in the 'Gray Zone.' The New York Times.

[11]

Bennett, J. 2018. The #MeToo Moment: Parsing the Generational Divide. The New York Times.

[12]

Berger, E. 2014. The Rhetoric of Constitutional Absolutism. William & Mary Law Review. 56, (2015 2014), 667.

[13]

Bonilla, Y. and Rosa, J. 2015. # Ferguson: Digital protest, hashtag ethnography, and the racial politics of social media in the United States. American Ethnologist. 42, 1 (2015), 4--17.

[14]

Bonos, L. 2017. Analysis | Not everyone with a #MeToo is posting their story. Here's why some are refraining. Washington Post.

[15]

Booten, K. 2016. Hashtag Drift: Tracing the Evolving Uses of Political Hashtags Over Time. Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New York, NY, USA, 2016), 2401--2405.

Digital Library

[16]

Boulis, C. and Ostendorf, M. 2005. A Quantitative Analysis of Lexical Differences Between Genders in Telephone Conversations. Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics (Stroudsburg, PA, USA, 2005), 435--442.

Digital Library

[17]

Boutyline, A. and Willer, R. 2017. The social structure of political echo chambers: Variation in ideological homophily in online networks. Political Psychology. 38, 3 (2017), 551--569.

[18]

Branscombe, N.R. and Wann, D.L. 1994. Collective self-esteem consequences of outgroup derogation when a valued social identity is on trial. European Journal of Social Psychology. 24, 6 (1994), 641--657.

[19]

Breitbart.com Traffic, Demographics and Competitors - Alexa: https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/breitbart.com. Accessed: 2018-04--19.

[20]

Brubaker, J.R., Kivran-Swaine, F., Taber, L. and Hayes, G.R. 2012. Grief-Stricken in a Crowd: The Language of Bereavement and Distress in Social Media. ICWSM (2012).

[21]

Bruns, A. and Burgess, J.E. 2011. The use of Twitter hashtags in the formation of ad hoc publics. Proceedings of the 6th European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR) General Conference 2011 (University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Aug. 2011).

[22]

Bucholtz, M. and Hall, K. 2005. Identity and interaction: a sociocultural linguistic approach. Discourse Studies. 7, 4--5 (Oct. 2005), 585--614.

[23]

Cacciatore, M.A., Scheufele, D.A. and Iyengar, S. 2016. The End of Framing as we Know it - and the Future of Media Effects. Mass Communication and Society. 19, 1 (Jan. 2016), 7--23.

[24]

Carney, N. 2016. All Lives Matter, but so Does Race: Black Lives Matter and the Evolving Role of Social Media. Humanity & Society. 40, 2 (May 2016), 180--199.

[25]

Cavazza, N. and Guidetti, M. 2014. Swearing in Political Discourse: Why Vulgarity Works. Journal of Language and Social Psychology. 33, 5 (Oct. 2014), 537--547.

[26]

Chancellor, S., Hu, A. and De Choudhury, M. 2018. Norms Matter: Contrasting Social Support Around Behavior Change in Online Weight Loss Communities. Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New York, NY, USA, 2018), 666:1--666:14.

Digital Library

[27]

Chen, Y.-Y., Chen, T., Hsu, W.H., Liao, H.-Y.M. and Chang, S.-F. 2014. Predicting Viewer Affective Comments Based on Image Content in Social Media. Proceedings of International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval (New York, NY, USA, 2014), 233:233--233:240.

Digital Library

[28]

Cheng, J., Bernstein, M., Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, C. and Leskovec, J. 2017. Anyone Can Become a Troll: Causes of Trolling Behavior in Online Discussions. (Feb. 2017).

Digital Library

[29]

Chira, S. 2018. Numbers Hint at Why #MeToo Took Off: The Sheer Number Who Can Say Me Too. The New York Times.

[30]

Chira, S. and Einhorn, C. 2017. The #MeToo Moment: Blue-Collar Women Ask, 'What About Us?' The New York Times.

[31]

Chokshi, N. 2016. How #BlackLivesMatter Came to Define a Movement. The New York Times.

[32]

Codrea-Rado, A. 2018. Catherine Deneuve Apologizes to Victims after Denouncing #MeToo. The New York Times.

[33]

Codrea-Rado, A. 2017. #MeToo Floods Social Media With Stories of Harassment and Assault. The New York Times.

[34]

Colleoni, E., Rozza, A. and Arvidsson, A. 2014. Echo chamber or public sphere? Predicting political orientation and measuring political homophily in Twitter using big data. Journal of Communication. 64, 2 (2014), 317--332.

[35]

Conroy, N.J., Rubin, V.L. and Chen, Y. 2015. Automatic deception detection: Methods for finding fake news. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 52, 1 (2015), 1--4.

[36]

Cooney, S. 2018. "They Don't Want to Include Women Like Me." Sex Workers Say They're Being Left Out of the #MeToo Movement. Time.

[37]

Dahlberg, L. 2001. The Internet and democratic discourse: Exploring the prospects of online deliberative forums extending the public sphere. Information, Communication & Society. 4, 4 (2001), 615--633.

[38]

Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, C., Cheng, J., Kleinberg, J. and Lee, L. 2012. You Had Me at Hello: How Phrasing Affects Memorability. Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Long Papers - Volume 1 (Stroudsburg, PA, USA, 2012), 892--901.

Digital Library

[39]

Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, C., Gamon, M. and Dumais, S. 2011. Mark My Words!: Linguistic Style Accommodation in Social Media. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on World Wide Web (New York, NY, USA, 2011), 745--754.

Digital Library

[40]

De Choudhury, M., Counts, S. and Horvitz, E. 2013. Predicting postpartum changes in emotion and behavior via social media. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2013), 3267--3276.

Digital Library

[41]

Democracynow.org Traffic, Demographics and Competitors - Alexa: https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/democracynow.org. Accessed: 2018-04--19.

[42]

Druckman, J.N. 2001. Evaluating framing effects. Journal of Economic Psychology. 22, 1 (Feb. 2001), 91--101.

[43]

Druckman, J.N. 2001. Using Credible Advice to Overcome Framing Effects. The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization. 17, 1 (Apr. 2001), 62--82.

[44]

Duggan, M. and Smith, A. 2016. The Political Environment on Social Media.

[45]

Entman, R.M. and Usher, N. 2018. Framing in a Fractured Democracy: Impacts of Digital Technology on Ideology, Power and Cascading Network Activation. Journal of Communication. 68, 2 (2018), 298--308.

[46]

Firth, J.R. 1957. A synopsis of linguistic theory, 1930--1955. Studies in Linguistic Analysis. (1957).

[47]

Garber, M. 2014. The Difference Between Ferguson and #Ferguson. The Atlantic.

[48]

Garcia, S. 2017. The Woman Who Created #MeToo Long Before Hashtags. The New York Times.

[49]

Garrett R. Kelly 2009. Politically Motivated Reinforcement Seeking: Reframing the Selective Exposure Debate. Journal of Communication. 59, 4 (Dec. 2009), 676--699.

[50]

Garrett, R.K. 2009. Echo chambers online?: Politically motivated selective exposure among Internet news users. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 14, 2 (Jan. 2009), 265--285.

[51]

Gee, J.P. 2014. An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method. Routledge.

[52]

Gill, A.J., French, R.M., Gergle, D. and Oberlander, J. 2008. The Language of Emotion in Short Blog Texts. Proceedings of the 2008 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (New York, NY, USA, 2008), 299--302.

Digital Library

[53]

Golbeck, J., Ash, S. and Cabrera, N. 2017. Hashtags as online communities with social support: A study of anti-sexism-in-science hashtag movements. First Monday. 22, 9 (Sep. 2017).

[54]

Gottweis, H. and Prainsack, B. 2006. Emotion in political discourse: contrasting approaches to stem cell governance in the USA, UK, Israel and Germany. Regenerative Medicine. 1, 6 (Nov. 2006), 823--829.

[55]

Grieco, E. 2017. More Americans are turning to multiple social media sites for news.

[56]

Gumperz John J. 2011. Linguistic and Social Interaction in Two Communities1. American Anthropologist. 66, 6_PART2 (Feb. 2011), 137--153.

[57]

Hadgu, A.T., Garimella, K. and Weber, I. 2013. Political Hashtag Hijacking in the U.S. Proceedings of the 22Nd International Conference on World Wide Web (New York, NY, USA, 2013), 55--56.

Digital Library

[58]

Halberstam, Y. and Knight, B. 2016. Homophily, group size, and the diffusion of political information in social networks: Evidence from Twitter. Journal of Public Economics. 143, (Nov. 2016), 73--88.

[59]

Harlow, S. 2012. Social media and social movements: Facebook and an online Guatemalan justice movement that moved offline. New Media & Society. 14, 2 (Mar. 2012), 225--243.

[60]

Hartocollis, A. 2018. The #MeToo Moment: When Mothers and Daughters Talk #MeToo. The New York Times.

[61]

Herrman, J. 2016. Inside Facebook's (Totally Insane, Unintentionally Gigantic, Hyperpartisan) Political-Media Machine. The New York Times.

[62]

Iyengar, S. and Hahn, K.S. 2009. Red media, blue media: Evidence of ideological selectivity in media use. Journal of Communication. 59, 1 (2009), 19--39.

[63]

Jackson, S.J., Bailey, M. and Foucault Welles, B. 2017. # GirlsLikeUs: Trans advocacy and community building online. New Media & Society. (2017), 1461444817709276.

[64]

Jackson, S.J. and Foucault Welles, B. 2016. # Ferguson is everywhere: initiators in emerging counterpublic networks. Information, Communication & Society. 19, 3 (2016), 397--418.

[65]

Jackson, S.J. and Foucault Welles, B. 2015. Hijacking# myNYPD: Social media dissent and networked counterpublics. Journal of Communication. 65, 6 (2015), 932--952.

[66]

Janna, erson and Rainie, L. 2017. The Future of Truth and Misinformation Online.

[67]

Kahn, C. 2018. Mexico's #MeToo Faces Backlash After Celebrities Air Accusations Of Rape And Assault.

[68]

Kalmoe, N.P. 2014. Fueling the Fire: Violent Metaphors, Trait Aggression, and Support for Political Violence. Political Communication. 31, 4 (Oct. 2014), 545--563.

[69]

Kitzie, V. and Ghosh, D. 2015. #Criming and #Alive: Network and Content Analysis of Two Sides of a Story on Twitter. Proceedings of the 78th ASIS&T Annual Meeting: Information Science with Impact: Research in and for the Community (Silver Springs, MD, USA, 2015), 41:1--41:10.

Digital Library

[70]

Koh, Y.J. and Sundar, S.S. 2010. Heuristic versus systematic processing of specialist versus generalist sources in online media. Human Communication Research. 36, 2 (2010), 103--124.

[71]

Kou, Y., Kow, Y.M., Gui, X. and Cheng, W. 2017. One Social Movement, Two Social Media Sites: A Comparative Study of Public Discourses. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). 26, 4--6 (2017), 807--836.

Digital Library

[72]

Landler, M. 2018. Trump, Saying 'Mere Allegation' Ruins Lives, Appears to Doubt #MeToo Movement. The New York Times.

[73]

Lawrence, E., Sides, J. and Farrell, H. 2010. Self-segregation or deliberation? Blog readership, participation, and polarization in American politics. Perspectives on Politics. 8, 1 (2010), 141--157.

[74]

Lee, J. and Pingree, R.J. 2016. Cues about Cues in Political Comments on Social Media: Effects of Commenters' Attractiveness and Claims of Cognitive Effort. The Journal of Social Media in Society. 5, 3 (Dec. 2016), 92--120.

[75]

Levin, I.P., Schneider, S.L. and Gaeth, G.J. 1998. All Frames Are Not Created Equal: A Typology and Critical Analysis of Framing Effects. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 76, 2 (Nov. 1998), 149--188.

[76]

Levin, S. and Sidanius, J. 1999. Social dominance and social identity in the United States and Israel: Ingroup favoritism or outgroup derogation? Political Psychology. 20, 1 (1999), 99--126.

[77]

Lin, Y.-R., Margolin, D., Keegan, B., Baronchelli, A. and Lazer, D. 2013. #Bigbirds Never Die: Understanding Social Dynamics of Emergent Hashtag. arXiv:1303.7144 {physics}. (Mar. 2013).

[78]

Loza, S. Hashtag Feminism, #SolidarityIsForWhiteWomen, and the Other #FemFuture. Ada: A Journal of Gender, New Media, and Technology. 5.

[79]

March, D.S. and Graham, R. 2015. Exploring implicit ingroup and outgroup bias toward Hispanics. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. 18, 1 (Jan. 2015), 89--103.

[80]

Marietta, M. 2012. The politics of sacred rhetoric: Absolutist appeals and political persuasion. Baylor University Press.

[81]

Marietta, M., Farley, T., Cote, T. and Murphy, P. 2017. The Rhetorical Psychology of Trumpism: Threat, Absolutism, and the Absolutist Threat. The Forum (2017), 313--332.

[82]

Martin, L., Sintsova, V. and Pu, P. 2014. Are Influential Writers More Objective?: An Analysis of Emotionality in Review Comments. Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on World Wide Web (New York, NY, USA, 2014), 799--804.

Digital Library

[83]

McGee, M.C. 1980. The 'ideograph": A link between rhetoric and ideology. Quarterly journal of speech. 66, 1 (1980), 1--16.

[84]

McLeod, D.M. and Detenber, B.H. 1999. Framing effects of television news coverage of social protest. Journal of communication. 49, 3 (1999), 3--23.

[85]

McMillan, J.R., Clifton, A.K., McGrath, D. and Gale, W.S. 1977. Women's language: Uncertainty or interpersonal sensitivity and emotionality? Sex Roles. 3, 6 (Dec. 1977), 545--559.

[86]

McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L. and Cook, J.M. 2001. Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks. Annual Review of Sociology. 27, 1 (2001), 415--444.

[87]

Media Bias / Fact Check: Breitbart: https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/breitbart/. Accessed: 2018-04--17.

[88]

Media Bias / Fact Check: Democracy Now: https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/democracy-now/. Accessed: 2018-04--17.

[89]

Media Bias / Fact Check: New York Times: https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/new-york-times/. Accessed: 2018-04--17.

[90]

Meraz, S. and Papacharissi, Z. 2013. Networked gatekeeping and networked framing on# Egypt. The international journal of press/politics. 18, 2 (2013), 138--166.

[91]

Messing, S. and Westwood, S.J. 2014. Selective exposure in the age of social media: Endorsements trump partisan source affiliation when selecting news online. Communication Research. 41, 8 (2014), 1042--1063.

[92]

Metzger, M.J., Flanagin, A.J. and Medders, R.B. 2010. Social and heuristic approaches to credibility evaluation online. Journal of communication. 60, 3 (2010), 413--439.

[93]

Mikolov, T., Chen, K., Corrado, G. and Dean, J. 2013. Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space. arXiv:1301.3781 {cs}. (Jan. 2013).

[94]

Mikolov, T., Sutskever, I., Chen, K., Corrado, G.S. and Dean, J. 2013. Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality. Advances in neural information processing systems (2013), 3111--3119.

Digital Library

[95]

Miller, B. The Effects of Scandalous Information on Recall of Policy-Related Information. Political Psychology. 31, 6, 887--914.

[96]

Mitchell, A., Gottfried, J., Kiley, J. and Matsa, K.E. 2014. Political Polarization & Media Habits.

[97]

Monk-Payton, B. 2017. # LaughingWhileBlack: Gender and the Comedy of Social Media Blackness. Feminist Media Histories. 3, 2 (2017), 15--35.

[98]

Mullen, B., Brown, R. and Smith, C. 1992. Ingroup bias as a function of salience, relevance, and status: An integration. European Journal of Social Psychology. 22, 2 (1992), 103--122.

[99]

Munson, S.A. and Resnick, P. 2010. Presenting Diverse Political Opinions: How and How Much. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New York, NY, USA, 2010), 1457--1466.

Digital Library

[100]

Mutz, D.C. 2001. Facilitating communication across lines of political difference: The role of mass media. American Political Science Review. 95, 1 (2001), 97--114.

[101]

Mutz, D.C. 2006. Hearing the other side: Deliberative versus participatory democracy. Cambridge University Press.

[102]

Nelson, T.E. and Oxley, Z.M. 1999. Issue framing effects on belief importance and opinion. The journal of politics. 61, 4 (1999), 1040--1067.

[103]

Niederhoffer, K.G. and Pennebaker, J.W. 2002. Linguistic Style Matching in Social Interaction. Journal of Language and Social Psychology. 21, 4 (Dec. 2002), 337--360.

[104]

Nytimes.com Traffic, Demographics and Competitors - Alexa: https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/nytimes.com. Accessed: 2018-04--19.

[105]

Oh, C., Lee, T., Kim, Y., Park, S. and Suh, B. 2016. Understanding Participatory Hashtag Practices on Instagram: A Case Study of Weekend Hashtag Project. Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New York, NY, USA, 2016), 1280--1287.

Digital Library

[106]

Papacharissi, Z. and de Fatima Oliveira, M. 2012. Affective news and networked publics: The rhythms of news storytelling on# Egypt. Journal of Communication. 62, 2 (2012), 266--282.

[107]

Park, A. 2017. #MeToo reaches 85 countries with 1.7M tweets.

[108]

Park, S., Ko, M., Kim, J., Liu, Y. and Song, J. 2011. The Politics of Comments: Predicting Political Orientation of News Stories with Commenters' Sentiment Patterns. Proceedings of the ACM 2011 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (New York, NY, USA, 2011), 113--122.

Digital Library

[109]

Pennebaker, J.W., Boyd, R.L., Jordan, K. and Blackburn, K. 2015. The Development and Psychometric Properties of LIWC2015. (Sep. 2015).

[110]

Pennebaker, J.W., Mehl, M.R. and Niederhoffer, K.G. 2003. Psychological Aspects of Natural Language Use: Our Words, Our Selves. Annual Review of Psychology. 54, 1 (2003), 547--577.

[111]

Pennington, J., Socher, R. and Manning, C. 2014. Glove: Global vectors for word representation. Proceedings of the 2014 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing (EMNLP) (2014), 1532--1543.

[112]

Phelan, H. 2018. How Does Submissive Sex Work in the Age of #MeToo? The New York Times.

[113]

Redlawsk, D.P., Civettini, A.J. and Emmerson, K.M. 2010. The affective tipping point: Do motivated reasoners ever 'get it"? Political Psychology. 31, 4 (2010), 563--593.

[114]

Rho, E.H.R., Haimson, O.L., Andalibi, N., Mazmanian, M. and Hayes, G.R. 2017. Class Confessions: Restorative Properties in Online Experiences of Socioeconomic Stigma. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New York, NY, USA, 2017), 3377--3389.

Digital Library

[115]

Robertson, S.P., Douglas, S., Maruyama, M. and Semaan, B. 2013. Political discourse on social networking sites: Sentiment, in-group/out-group orientation and rationality. Information Polity. 18, 2 (Jan. 2013), 107--126.

[116]

Robertson, S.P., Vatrapu, R.K. and Medina, R. 2010. Off the wall political discourse: Facebook use in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. Information Polity. 15, 1,2 (Jan. 2010), 11--31.

Digital Library

[117]

Rodino-Colocino, M. 2014. #YesAllWomen: Intersectional Mobilization Against Sexual Assault is Radical (Again). Feminist Media Studies. 14, 6 (Nov. 2014), 1113--1115.

[118]

Romero, D.M., Meeder, B. and Kleinberg, J. 2011. Differences in the Mechanics of Information Diffusion Across Topics: Idioms, Political Hashtags, and Complex Contagion on Twitter. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on World Wide Web (New York, NY, USA, 2011), 695--704.

Digital Library

[119]

Rubin, V., Conroy, N., Chen, Y. and Cornwell, S. 2016. Fake news or truth? using satirical cues to detect potentially misleading news. Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Computational Approaches to Deception Detection (2016), 7--17.

[120]

Ryall, J. 2018. South Korean actor's suicide triggers backlash against #MeToo.

[121]

Safronova, V. 2018. Catherine Deneuve and Others Denounce the #MeToo Movement. The New York Times.

[122]

Sang-Hun, C. 2018. A Director's Apology Adds Momentum to South Korea's #MeToo Movement. The New York Times.

[123]

Santiago, C. and Criss, D. 2017. An activist, a little girl and the heartbreaking origin of 'Me too." CNN.

[124]

Scheufele, D.A. 1999. Framing as a theory of media effects. Journal of communication. 49, 1 (1999), 103--122.

[125]

Schuck, A.R. and De Vreese, C.H. 2006. Between risk and opportunity: News framing and its effects on public support for EU enlargement. European Journal of Communication. 21, 1 (2006), 5--32.

[126]

Schwartz, H.A., Eichstaedt, J.C., Kern, M.L., Dziurzynski, L., Ramones, S.M., Agrawal, M., Shah, A., Kosinski, M., Stillwell, D., Seligman, M.E.P. and Ungar, L.H. 2013. Personality, Gender, and Age in the Language of Social Media: The Open-Vocabulary Approach. PLOS ONE. 8, 9 (Sep. 2013), e73791.

[127]

Schwarz, N. and Clore, G.L. 1991. How Do I Feel About It? The Informative Function of Affective States in K. Fiedler and JP Forgas, eds, Affect, Cognition, and Social Behavior 44. Hogrefe & Huber.

[128]

Sears, D.O. and Freedman, J.L. 1967. Selective Exposure to Information: A Critical Review. Public Opinion Quarterly. 31, 2 (Jan. 1967), 194--213.

[129]

Semetko, H.A. and Valkenburg, P.M. 2000. Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news. Journal of communication. 50, 2 (2000), 93--109.

[130]

Shrum, L.J. 2009. Media consumption and perceptions of social reality: Effects and underlying processes. Media effects. Routledge. 66--89.

[131]

Silverman, C. 2017. This Is How Your Hyperpartisan Political News Gets Made. BuzzFeed.

[132]

Silverman, C., Strapagiel, L., Shaban, H., Hall, E. and Singer-Vine, J. 2016. Hyperpartisan Facebook Pages Are Publishing False And Misleading Information At An Alarming Rate. BuzzFeed.

[133]

Small, T.A. 2011. What the Hashtag? Information, Communication & Society. 14, 6 (Sep. 2011), 872--895.

[134]

Sparck Jones, K. 1972. A statistical interpretation of term specificity and its application in retrieval. Journal of Documentation. 28, 1 (Jan. 1972), 11--21.

[135]

Stevens, M. 2018. Chelsea Handler: The #MeToo Movement Is a 'Complete Referendum' on Trump. The New York Times.

[136]

Stewart, L.G., Arif, A., Nied, A.C., Spiro, E.S. and Starbird, K. 2017. Drawing the Lines of Contention: Networked Frame Contests Within #BlackLivesMatter Discourse. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 1, CSCW (Dec. 2017), 96:1--96:23.

Digital Library

[137]

Stieglitz, S. and Dang-Xuan, L. 2013. Emotions and Information Diffusion in Social Media-Sentiment of Microblogs and Sharing Behavior. Journal of Management Information Systems. 29, 4 (Apr. 2013), 217--248.

[138]

Strauss, A. and Corbin, J.M. 1998. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. SAGE Publications.

[139]

Sunstein, C.R. 2018. # Republic: Divided democracy in the age of social media. Princeton University Press.

[140]

Tajfel, H. 1981. Human groups and social categories: Studies in social psychology. CUP Archive.

[141]

Tajfel, H. 1974. Social identity and intergroup behaviour. Information (International Social Science Council). 13, 2 (1974), 65--93.

[142]

Tarbox, K. 2018. Is #MeToo Backlash Hurting Women's Opportunities in Finance?

[143]

Tolentino, J. 2018. The Rising Pressure of the #MeToo Backlash. The New Yorker.

[144]

Triandafyllidou, A. 2000. The political discourse on immigration in southern Europe: a critical analysis. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology. 10, 5 (Oct. 2000), 373--389.

[145]

Tsfati, Y. and Cappella, J.N. 2003. Do people watch what they do not trust? Exploring the association between news media skepticism and exposure. Communication Research. 30, 5 (2003), 504--529.

[146]

Utych, S.M. 2017. How Dehumanization Influences Attitudes toward Immigrants. Political Research Quarterly. (Dec. 2017), 1065912917744897.

[147]

Utych, S.M. 2018. Negative Affective Language in Politics. American Politics Research. 46, 1 (Jan. 2018), 77--102.

[148]

Wang, X., Wei, F., Liu, X., Zhou, M. and Zhang, M. 2011. Topic Sentiment Analysis in Twitter: A Graph-based Hashtag Sentiment Classification Approach. Proceedings of the 20th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (New York, NY, USA, 2011), 1031--1040.

Digital Library

[149]

Wang, Y. and Mark, G. 2017. Engaging with Political and Social Issues on Facebook in College Life. Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (New York, NY, USA, 2017), 433--445.

Digital Library

[150]

Wang, Y.-C., Joshi, M. and Rosé, C.P. 2008. Investigating the Effect of Discussion Forum Interface Affordances on Patterns of Conversational Interactions. Proceedings of the 2008 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (New York, NY, USA, 2008), 555--558.

Digital Library

[151]

Warmke, B. and Tosi, J. 2017. Why there are costs to moral outrage. The Conversation.

[152]

Wojcieszak, M.E. and Mutz, D.C. 2009. Online groups and political discourse: Do online discussion spaces facilitate exposure to political disagreement? Journal of communication. 59, 1 (2009), 40--56.

[153]

Wu, H.C., Luk, R.W.P., Wong, K.F. and Kwok, K.L. 2008. Interpreting TF-IDF term weights as making relevance decisions. ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS). 26, 3 (Jun. 2008), 13.

Digital Library

[154]

Yang, L., Sun, T., Zhang, M. and Mei, Q. 2012. We Know What @You #Tag: Does the Dual Role Affect Hashtag Adoption? Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on World Wide Web (New York, NY, USA, 2012), 261--270.

Digital Library

[155]

2017. #MeToo: Sexual harassment stories sweep social media after... Reuters.

[156]

2017. Opinion | How #MeToo Threatens Equality. The New York Times.

[157]

2018. Opinion | #MeToo Has Done What the Law Could Not. The New York Times.

[158]

2018. Opinion | Publicly, We Say #MeToo. Privately, We Have Misgivings. The New York Times.

[159]

2017. Opinion | When #MeToo Goes Too Far. The New York Times.

Cited By

Seredko AHillman T(2024)What Does a Downvote Do? Performing Complementary and Competing Knowledge Practices on an Online PlatformProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36536928:CSCW1(1-28)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3653692
Han YWang ZFeng YZhao ZWang Y(2024)Characterizing Developers' Linguistic Behaviors in Open Source Development across Their Social StatusesProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36373068:CSCW1(1-33)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3637306
Hansson KSveningsson MGanetz H(2024)#MeToo in the Manosphere: The Formation of a Counter Discourse on the Swedish Online Forum FlashbackNORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research10.1080/08038740.2024.233038132:2(173-187)Online publication date: Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.1080/08038740.2024.2330381
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Fostering Civil Discourse Online: Linguistic Behavior in Comments of #MeToo Articles across Political Perspectives
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Artificial intelligence
    1. Natural language processing

Recommendations

Political Hashtags & the Lost Art of Democratic Discourse
CHI '20: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

In this work, we investigate whether and how the presence of political hashtags in social media news articles influences the way people discuss news content. Specifically, we examine how political hashtags in news posts act as a design characteristic ...
Quality of Democratic Discourse in the Age of Political Hashtags and Social Media News Consumption
CSCW '19 Companion: Companion Publication of the 2019 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing

Whether through television, newspapers, or more increasingly through Social Networking Sites (SNS), journalistic coverage of current events have long played a significant role in mediating knowledge and information to the public. The platforms and ...
Hashtag Burnout? A Control Experiment Investigating How Political Hashtags Shape Reactions to News Content

Both hashtag activists and news organizations assume that trending political hashtags effectively capture the nowness of social issues that people care about [20]. In fact, news organizations with growing social media presence increasingly capitalize the ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction Volume 2, Issue CSCW

November 2018

4104 pages

EISSN:2573-0142

DOI:10.1145/3290265

Editors:
Karrie Karahalios
University of Illinois & Adobe
,
Andrés Monroy-Hernández
Snap Inc.
,
Airi Lampinen
Stockholm University
,
Geraldine Fitzpatrick
Vienna University of Technology

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2018 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 November 2018

Published in PACMHCI Volume 2, Issue CSCW

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

15
Total Citations
View Citations
1,512
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)198
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)45

Reflects downloads up to 26 Sep 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Seredko AHillman T(2024)What Does a Downvote Do? Performing Complementary and Competing Knowledge Practices on an Online PlatformProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36536928:CSCW1(1-28)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3653692
Han YWang ZFeng YZhao ZWang Y(2024)Characterizing Developers' Linguistic Behaviors in Open Source Development across Their Social StatusesProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36373068:CSCW1(1-33)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3637306
Hansson KSveningsson MGanetz H(2024)#MeToo in the Manosphere: The Formation of a Counter Discourse on the Swedish Online Forum FlashbackNORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research10.1080/08038740.2024.233038132:2(173-187)Online publication date: Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.1080/08038740.2024.2330381
Erickson JYan BHuang J(2023)Bridging Echo Chambers? Understanding Political Partisanship through Semantic Network AnalysisSocial Media + Society10.1177/205630512311863689:3Online publication date: 2-Aug-2023
https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231186368
Abou Amsha KGronvall ESaad-Sulonen J(2023)Emergent Collaborations Outside of Organizational Frameworks: Exploring Relevant ConceptsProceedings of the 11th International Conference on Communities and Technologies10.1145/3593743.3593778(163-173)Online publication date: 29-May-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3593743.3593778
Larsen-Ledet IRossitto C(2023)Participatory Writing as Activism: The Work of Organizing a Swedish MeToo Initiative Through Social MediaProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/35795137:CSCW1(1-29)Online publication date: 16-Apr-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3579513
Suk JSun YSun LLi MFarías CKwon HGhosh SBorah PMini DCorrea TGarlough CShah D(2023)‘Think global, act local’: How #MeToo hybridized across borders and platforms for contextual relevanceInformation, Communication & Society10.1080/1369118X.2023.2219716(1-22)Online publication date: 12-Jun-2023
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2023.2219716
Park HForlizzi JLee J(2022)Voices of Sexual Assault Survivors: Understanding Survivors’ Experiences of Interactional Breakdowns and Design Ideas for SolutionsProceedings of the 2022 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3532106.3533509(485-503)Online publication date: 13-Jun-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3532106.3533509
Navera GBernadas J(2022)‘Shoot them dead’: rhetorical constructions of the COVID-19 pandemic in Philippine presidential addressesJournal of Communication in Healthcare10.1080/17538068.2022.205417716:1(93-102)Online publication date: 29-Mar-2022
https://doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2022.2054177
Németh R(2022)A scoping review on the use of natural language processing in research on political polarization: trends and research prospectsJournal of Computational Social Science10.1007/s42001-022-00196-26:1(289-313)Online publication date: 19-Dec-2022
https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-022-00196-2
Show More Cited By

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents