research-article

Not All Qubits Are Created Equal: A Case for Variability-Aware Policies for NISQ-Era Quantum Computers

Authors:

Swamit S. Tannu,

Moinuddin K. QureshiAuthors Info & Claims

ASPLOS '19: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems

Pages 987 - 999

https://doi.org/10.1145/3297858.3304007

Published: 04 April 2019 Publication History

Abstract

Existing and near-term quantum computers are not yet large enough to support fault-tolerance. Such systems with few tens to few hundreds of qubits are termed as Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum computers (NISQ), and these systems can provide benefits for a class of quantum algorithms. In this paper, we study the problems of Qubit-Allocation (mapping of program qubits to machine qubits) and Qubit-Movement (routing qubits from one location to another for entanglement). We observe that there can be variation in the error rates of different qubits and links, which can impact the decisions for qubit movement and qubit allocation. We analyze publicly available characterization data for the IBM-Q20 to quantify the variation and show that there is indeed significant variability in the error rates of the qubits and the links connecting them. We show that the device variability has a significant impact on the overall system reliability. To exploit the variability in error rate, we propose Variation-Aware Qubit Movement (VQM) and Variation-Aware Qubit Allocation (VQA), policies that optimize the movement and allocation of qubits to avoid the weaker qubits and links, and guide more operations towards the stronger qubits and links. Our evaluations, with a simulation-based model of IBM-Q20, show that Variation-Aware policies can improve the system reliability by up to 1.7x. We also evaluate our policies on the IBM-Q5 machine and demonstrate that our proposal significantly improves the reliability of real systems (up to 1.9X).

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Cited By

Liu LDou X(2024)QuCloud+: A Holistic Qubit Mapping Scheme for Single/Multi-programming on 2D/3D NISQ Quantum ComputersACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization10.1145/363152521:1(1-27)Online publication date: 18-Jan-2024
https://doi.org/10.1145/3631525
Guo ZWang THui-Ru Jiang IPosser G(2024)SMT-Based Layout Synthesis Approaches for Quantum CircuitsProceedings of the 2024 International Symposium on Physical Design10.1145/3626184.3633316(235-243)Online publication date: 12-Mar-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3626184.3633316
Anagolum SAlavisamani NDas PQureshi MShi YTsafrir DMusuvathi MGupta RAbu-Ghazaleh N(2024)Elivagar: Efficient Quantum Circuit Search for ClassificationProceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 210.1145/3620665.3640354(336-353)Online publication date: 27-Apr-2024
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Index Terms

Not All Qubits Are Created Equal: A Case for Variability-Aware Policies for NISQ-Era Quantum Computers
1. Hardware
  1. Emerging technologies
    1. Quantum technologies
      1. Quantum computation

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cover image ACM Conferences

ASPLOS '19: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems

April 2019

1126 pages

ISBN:9781450362405

DOI:10.1145/3297858

General Chairs:
Iris Bahar
Brown University
,
Maurice Herlihy
Brown University
,
Program Chairs:
Emmett Witchel
University of Texas, Austin
,
Alvin Lebeck
Duke University

Copyright © 2019 ACM.

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Published: 04 April 2019

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April 13 - 17, 2019

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Cited By

Liu LDou X(2024)QuCloud+: A Holistic Qubit Mapping Scheme for Single/Multi-programming on 2D/3D NISQ Quantum ComputersACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization10.1145/363152521:1(1-27)Online publication date: 18-Jan-2024
https://doi.org/10.1145/3631525
Guo ZWang THui-Ru Jiang IPosser G(2024)SMT-Based Layout Synthesis Approaches for Quantum CircuitsProceedings of the 2024 International Symposium on Physical Design10.1145/3626184.3633316(235-243)Online publication date: 12-Mar-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3626184.3633316
Anagolum SAlavisamani NDas PQureshi MShi YTsafrir DMusuvathi MGupta RAbu-Ghazaleh N(2024)Elivagar: Efficient Quantum Circuit Search for ClassificationProceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 210.1145/3620665.3640354(336-353)Online publication date: 27-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3620665.3640354
Elsayed Amer NGomaa WKimura KUeda KEl-Mahdy A(2024)On the optimality of quantum circuit initial mapping using reinforcement learningEPJ Quantum Technology10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00225-111:1Online publication date: 13-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00225-1
Qi FSmith KLeCompte TTzeng NYuan XChong FPeng L(2024)Quantum Vulnerability Analysis to Guide Robust Quantum Computing System DesignIEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering10.1109/TQE.2023.33436255(1-11)Online publication date: 2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TQE.2023.3343625
Orenstein AChaudhary V(2024)Quantum Circuit Mapping Using Binary Integer Nonlinear Programming2024 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops (IPDPSW)10.1109/IPDPSW63119.2024.00182(1105-1114)Online publication date: 27-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/IPDPSW63119.2024.00182
Jiang HDeng YXu M(2024)Qubit Mapping Based on Tabu SearchJournal of Computer Science and Technology10.1007/s11390-023-2121-539:2(421-433)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s11390-023-2121-5
Mummadi SRudra B(2023)Fundamentals of Quantum Computation and Basic Quantum GatesHandbook of Research on Quantum Computing for Smart Environments10.4018/978-1-6684-6697-1.ch001(1-24)Online publication date: 21-Apr-2023
https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6697-1.ch001
Guan ZLiu RCheng XFeng SZhu P(2023)Suppression of Crosstalk in Quantum Circuit Based on Instruction Exchange Rules and DurationEntropy10.3390/e2506085525:6(855)Online publication date: 26-May-2023
https://doi.org/10.3390/e25060855
Tiurev KDerks PRoffe JEisert JReiner J(2023)Correcting non-independent and non-identically distributed errors with surface codesQuantum10.22331/q-2023-09-26-11237(1123)Online publication date: 26-Sep-2023
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