research-article

A Formal Approach to Physics-based Attacks in Cyber-physical Systems

Authors:

Ruggero Lanotte,

Andrei Munteanu,

Luca ViganòAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS), Volume 23, Issue 1

Article No.: 3, Pages 1 - 41

https://doi.org/10.1145/3373270

Published: 05 February 2020 Publication History

Abstract

We apply formal methods to lay and streamline theoretical foundations to reason about Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) and physics-based attacks, i.e., attacks targeting physical devices. We focus on a formal treatment of both integrity and denial of service attacks to sensors and actuators of CPSs, and on the timing aspects of these attacks. Our contributions are fourfold. (1) We define a hybrid process calculus to model both CPSs and physics-based attacks. (2) We formalise a threat model that specifies MITM attacks that can manipulate sensor readings or control commands to drive a CPS into an undesired state; we group these attacks into classes and provide the means to assess attack tolerance/vulnerability with respect to a given class of attacks, based on a proper notion of most powerful physics-based attack. (3) We formalise how to estimate the impact of a successful attack on a CPS and investigate possible quantifications of the success chances of an attack. (4) We illustrate our definitions and results by formalising a non-trivial running example in UPPAAL SMC, the statistical extension of the UPPAAL model checker; we use UPPAAL SMC as an automatic tool for carrying out a static security analysis of our running example in isolation and when exposed to three different physics-based attacks with different impacts.

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Moradi FAbbaspour Asadollah SPourvatan BMoezkarimi ZSirjani M(2024)CRYSTAL framework: Cybersecurity assurance for cyber-physical systemsJournal of Logical and Algebraic Methods in Programming10.1016/j.jlamp.2024.100965139(100965)Online publication date: Jun-2024
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Index Terms

A Formal Approach to Physics-based Attacks in Cyber-physical Systems
1. Security and privacy
  1. Formal methods and theory of security
    1. Formal security models
    2. Logic and verification
  2. Security in hardware
    1. Embedded systems security
2. Theory of computation
  1. Models of computation
    1. Timed and hybrid models

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cover image ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security

ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security Volume 23, Issue 1

February 2020

209 pages

ISSN:2471-2566

EISSN:2471-2574

DOI:10.1145/3382042

Editor:
David Basin
ETH Zurich, Switzerland

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Publication History

Published: 05 February 2020

Accepted: 01 November 2019

Revised: 01 August 2019

Received: 01 February 2019

Published in TOPS Volume 23, Issue 1

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlamp.2024.100965
Wu HLiu Q(2024)Event-triggered secure consensus for second-order nonlinear multiagent systems against asynchronous DoS attacksJournal of the Franklin Institute10.1016/j.jfranklin.2024.107065361:14(107065)Online publication date: Sep-2024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2024.107065
Cozza VPreda MLanotte RLucchese MMerro MZannone N(2024)Obfuscation strategies for industrial control systemsInternational Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection10.1016/j.ijcip.2024.100717(100717)Online publication date: Sep-2024
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