research-article

The Reliability of Modern File Systems in the face of SSD Errors

Authors:

Shehbaz Jaffer,

Stathis Maneas,

Bianca SchroederAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS), Volume 16, Issue 1

Article No.: 2, Pages 1 - 28

https://doi.org/10.1145/3375553

Published: 15 March 2020 Publication History

Abstract

As solid state drives (SSDs) are increasingly replacing hard disk drives, the reliability of storage systems depends on the failure modes of SSDs and the ability of the file system layered on top to handle these failure modes. While the classical paper on IRON File Systems provides a thorough study of the failure policies of three file systems common at the time, we argue that 13 years later it is time to revisit file system reliability with SSDs and their reliability characteristics in mind, based on modern file systems that incorporate journaling, copy-on-write, and log-structured approaches and are optimized for flash. This article presents a detailed study, spanning ext4, Btrfs, and F2FS, and covering a number of different SSD error modes. We develop our own fault injection framework and explore over 1,000 error cases. Our results indicate that 16% of these cases result in a file system that cannot be mounted or even repaired by its system checker. We also identify the key file system metadata structures that can cause such failures, and, finally, we recommend some design guidelines for file systems that are deployed on top of SSDs.

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cover image ACM Transactions on Storage

ACM Transactions on Storage Volume 16, Issue 1

ATC 2019 Special Section and Regular Papers

February 2020

155 pages

ISSN:1553-3077

EISSN:1553-3093

DOI:10.1145/3386184

Editor:
Sam H. Noh
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea

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Publication History

Published: 15 March 2020

Accepted: 01 December 2019

Received: 01 November 2019

Published in TOS Volume 16, Issue 1

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Wang SZhang ZZhang Y(2024)OnionDisk: A Log-Structured Write-Optimal Virtual Block DeviceProceedings of the 15th ACM SIGOPS Asia-Pacific Workshop on Systems10.1145/3678015.3680489(136-143)Online publication date: 4-Sep-2024
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2024.04.048
Ahmad HHoloday CBertram IAngstadt KSharafi ZWeimer WMcIntosh SShang WPerez G(2022)LOGI: an empirical model of heat-induced disk drive data loss and its implications for data recoveryProceedings of the 18th International Conference on Predictive Models and Data Analytics in Software Engineering10.1145/3558489.3559071(52-61)Online publication date: 7-Nov-2022
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