Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
10.1145/3442381.3449857acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageswebconfConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Joint Spatio-Textual Reasoning for Answering Tourism Questions

Published: 03 June 2021 Publication History
  • Get Citation Alerts
  • Abstract

    Our goal is to answer real-world tourism questions that seek Points-of-Interest (POI) recommendations. Such questions express various kinds of spatial and non-spatial constraints, necessitating a combination of textual and spatial reasoning. In response, we develop the first joint spatio-textual reasoning model, which combines geo-spatial knowledge with information in textual corpora to answer questions. We first develop a modular spatial-reasoning network that uses geo-coordinates of location names mentioned in a question, and of candidate answer POIs, to reason over only spatial constraints. We then combine our spatial-reasoner with a textual reasoner in a joint model and present experiments on a real world POI recommendation task. We report substantial improvements over existing models without joint spatio-textual reasoning. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to develop a joint QA model that combines reasoning over external geo-spatial knowledge along with textual reasoning.

    References

    [1]
    Aida Amini, Saadia Gabriel, Shanchuan Lin, Rik Koncel-Kedziorski, Yejin Choi, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi. 2019. MathQA: Towards Interpretable Math Word Problem Solving with Operation-Based Formalisms. In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2357–2367. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/N19-1245
    [2]
    Bin Bi, Chen Wu, Ming Yan, Wei Wang, Jiangnan Xia, and Chenliang Li. 2019. Incorporating External Knowledge into Machine Reading for Generative Question Answering. In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, EMNLP-IJCNLP 2019, Hong Kong, China, November 3-7, 2019. 2521–2530. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D19-1255
    [3]
    Daniel Cer, Yinfei Yang, Sheng-yi Kong, Nan Hua, Nicole Limtiaco, Rhomni St. John, Noah Constant, Mario Guajardo-Cespedes, Steve Yuan, Chris Tar, Yun-Hsuan Sung, Brian Strope, and Ray Kurzweil. 2018. Universal Sentence Encoder. CoRR abs/1803.11175(2018). arxiv:1803.11175http://arxiv.org/abs/1803.11175
    [4]
    Danqi Chen, Adam Fisch, Jason Weston, and Antoine Bordes. 2017. Reading Wikipedia to Answer Open-Domain Questions. In Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL).
    [5]
    Jianpeng Cheng, Li Dong, and Mirella Lapata. 2016. Long Short-Term Memory-Networks for Machine Reading. In Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, Austin, Texas, 551–561. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D16-1053
    [6]
    Kyunghyun Cho, Bart van Merrienboer, Caglar Gulcehre, Dzmitry Bahdanau, Fethi Bougares, Holger Schwenk, and Yoshua Bengio. 2014. Learning Phrase Representations using RNN Encoder–Decoder for Statistical Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). Association for Computational Linguistics, Doha, Qatar, 1724–1734. https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/D14-1179
    [7]
    Gao Cong, Christian S. Jensen, and Dingming Wu. 2009. Efficient Retrieval of the Top-k Most Relevant Spatial Web Objects. Proc. VLDB Endow. 2, 1 (Aug. 2009), 337–348. https://doi.org/10.14778/1687627.1687666
    [8]
    Danish Contractor, Barun Patra, Mausam, and Parag Singla. 2021. Constrained BERT BiLSTM CRF for understanding multi-sentence entity-seeking questions. Natural Language Engineering 27, 1 (2021), 65–87. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1351324920000017
    [9]
    Danish Contractor, Krunal Shah, Aditi Partap, Mausam, and Parag Singla. 2019. Large Scale Question Answering using Tourism Data. CoRR abs/1909.03527(2019). arxiv:1909.03527http://arxiv.org/abs/1909.03527
    [10]
    Gaétan De Rassenfosse, Jan Kozak, and Florian Seliger. 2019. Geocoding of worldwide patent data. Scientific data 6, 1 (2019), 1–15.
    [11]
    Jacob Devlin, Ming-Wei Chang, Kenton Lee, and Kristina Toutanova. 2019. BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding. In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 4171–4186. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/N19-1423
    [12]
    Dheeru Dua, Yizhong Wang, Pradeep Dasigi, Gabriel Stanovsky, Sameer Singh, and Matt Gardner. 2019. DROP: A Reading Comprehension Benchmark Requiring Discrete Reasoning Over Paragraphs. In Proc. of NAACL.
    [13]
    Matthew Dunn, Levent Sagun, Mike Higgins, V. Ugur Güney, Volkan Cirik, and Kyunghyun Cho. 2017. SearchQA: A New Q&A Dataset Augmented with Context from a Search Engine. CoRR abs/1704.05179(2017). arxiv:1704.05179http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.05179
    [14]
    Daniel Ferrés Domènech. 2017. Knowledge-based and data-driven approaches for geographical information access. (2017).
    [15]
    Fredric Gey, Ray Larson, Mark Sanderson, Kerstin Bischoff, Thomas Mandl, Christa Womser-Hacker, Diana Santos, Paulo Rocha, Giorgio M Di Nunzio, and Nicola Ferro. 2006. GeoCLEF 2006: the CLEF 2006 cross-language geographic information retrieval track overview. In Workshop of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum for European Languages. Springer, 852–876.
    [16]
    Yangyang Guo, Zhiyong Cheng, Liqiang Nie, Xin-Shun Xu, and Mohan Kankanhalli. 2018. Multi-modal preference modeling for product search. In Proceedings of the 26th ACM international conference on Multimedia. 1865–1873.
    [17]
    Mark Hopkins, Ronan Le Bras, Cristian Petrescu-Prahova, Gabriel Stanovsky, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, and Rik Koncel-Kedziorski. 2019. SemEval-2019 Task 10: Math Question Answering. In Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation. Association for Computational Linguistics, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 893–899. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/S19-2153
    [18]
    Binxuan Huang and Kathleen Carley. 2019. A Hierarchical Location Prediction Neural Network for Twitter User Geolocation. In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). Association for Computational Linguistics, Hong Kong, China, 4732–4742. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D19-1480
    [19]
    Tannon Kew, Anastassia Shaitarova, Isabel Meraner, Janis Goldzycher, Simon Clematide, and Martin Volk. 2019. Geotagging a Diachronic Corpus of Alpine Texts: Comparing Distinct Approaches to Toponym Recognition. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Language Technology for Digital Historical Archives. 11–18.
    [20]
    Tuan Manh Lai, Trung Bui, and Sheng Li. 2018. A Review on Deep Learning Techniques Applied to Answer Selection. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2018, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, August 20-26, 2018. 2132–2144. https://aclanthology.info/papers/C18-1181/c18-1181
    [21]
    Jochen L. Leidner, Bruno Martins, Katherine McDonough, and Ross S. Purves. 2020. Text Meets Space: Geographic Content Extraction, Resolution and Information Retrieval. In Advances in Information Retrieval, Joemon M. Jose, Emine Yilmaz, João Magalhães, Pablo Castells, Nicola Ferro, Mário J. Silva, and Flávio Martins (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 669–673.
    [22]
    Miao Li, Lisi Chen, Gao Cong, Yu Gu, and Ge Yu. 2016. Efficient Processing of Location-Aware Group Preference Queries. In Proceedings of the 25th ACM International on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management(Indianapolis, Indiana, USA) (CIKM ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 559–568. https://doi.org/10.1145/2983323.2983757
    [23]
    Kwan Hui Lim, Shanika Karunasekera, Aaron Harwood, and Yasmeen George. 2019. Geotagging Tweets to Landmarks Using Convolutional Neural Networks with Text and Posting Time. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces: Companion (Marina del Ray, California) (IUI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 61–62. https://doi.org/10.1145/3308557.3308691
    [24]
    Thomas Mandl, Paula Carvalho, Giorgio Maria Di Nunzio, Fredric Gey, Ray R Larson, Diana Santos, and Christa Womser-Hacker. 2008. GeoCLEF 2008: the CLEF 2008 cross-language geographic information retrieval track overview. In Workshop of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum for European Languages. Springer, 808–821.
    [25]
    Bhaskar Mitra and Nick Craswell. 2019. An Updated Duet Model for Passage Re-ranking. arXiv preprint arXiv:1903.07666(2019).
    [26]
    R. S. Purves, P. Clough, C. B. Jones, M. H. Hall, and V. Murdock. 2018. Geographic Information Retrieval: Progress and Challenges in Spatial Search of Text.
    [27]
    Qiu Ran, Yankai Lin, Peng Li, Jie Zhou, and Zhiyuan Liu. 2019. NumNet: Machine Reading Comprehension with Numerical Reasoning. In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). Association for Computational Linguistics, Hong Kong, China, 2474–2484. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D19-1251
    [28]
    Stephen Robertson and Hugo Zaragoza. 2009. The Probabilistic Relevance Framework: BM25 and Beyond. Found. Trends Inf. Retr. 3, 4 (April 2009), 333–389. https://doi.org/10.1561/1500000019
    [29]
    Diana Santos and Luís Miguel Cabral. 2009. GikiCLEF: Expectations and lessons learned. In Workshop of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum for European Languages. Springer, 212–222.
    [30]
    Simon Scheider, Enkhbold Nyamsuren, Han Kruiger, and Haiqi Xu. 2020. Geo-analytical question-answering with GIS. International Journal of Digital Earth 0, 0 (2020), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2020.1738568 arXiv:https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2020.1738568
    [31]
    Min Joon Seo, Aniruddha Kembhavi, Ali Farhadi, and Hannaneh Hajishirzi. 2016. Bidirectional Attention Flow for Machine Comprehension. CoRR abs/1611.01603(2016). arxiv:1611.01603http://arxiv.org/abs/1611.01603
    [32]
    Oyvind Tafjord, Matt Gardner, Kevin Lin, and Peter Clark. 2019. QuaRTz: An Open-Domain Dataset of Qualitative Relationship Questions. In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, EMNLP-IJCNLP 2019, Hong Kong, China, November 3-7, 2019. 5940–5945. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D19-1608
    [33]
    George Tsatsanifos and Akrivi Vlachou. 2015. On Processing Top-k Spatio-Textual Preference Queries. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Extending Database Technology, EDBT 2015, Brussels, Belgium, March 23-27, 2015. 433–444. https://doi.org/10.5441/002/edbt.2015.38
    [34]
    Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, undefinedukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. 2017. Attention is All You Need. In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (Long Beach, California, USA) (NIPS’17). Curran Associates Inc., Red Hook, NY, USA, 6000–6010.
    [35]
    Nam Vo, Lu Jiang, Chen Sun, Kevin Murphy, Li-Jia Li, Li Fei-Fei, and James Hays. 2019. Composing text and image for image retrieval-an empirical odyssey. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 6439–6448.
    [36]
    Dimitri Vorona, Andreas Kipf, Thomas Neumann, and Alfons Kemper. 2019. DeepSPACE: Approximate Geospatial Query Processing with Deep Learning. In Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. 500–503.
    [37]
    Jiangnan Xia, Chen Wu, and Ming Yan. 2019. Incorporating Relation Knowledge into Commonsense Reading Comprehension with Multi-Task Learning. In Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (Beijing, China) (CIKM ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2393–2396. https://doi.org/10.1145/3357384.3358165
    [38]
    M. L. Yiu, X. Dai, N. Mamoulis, and M. Vaitis. 2007. Top-k Spatial Preference Queries. In 2007 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Data Engineering. 1076–1085.
    [39]
    C. Zhang, Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, and X. Lin. 2016. Inverted Linear Quadtree: Efficient Top K Spatial Keyword Search. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 28, 7(2016), 1706–1721.
    [40]
    Ji Zhao, Meiyu Yu, Huan Chen, Boning Li, Lingyu Zhang, Qi Song, Li Ma, Hua Chai, and Jieping Ye. 2019. POI Semantic Model with a Deep Convolutional Structure. CoRR abs/1903.07279(2019). arxiv:1903.07279http://arxiv.org/abs/1903.07279

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)On the Opportunities and Challenges of Foundation Models for GeoAI (Vision Paper)ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems10.1145/365307010:2(1-46)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2024
    • (2024)LogSay: An Efficient Comprehension System for Log Numerical ReasoningIEEE Transactions on Computers10.1109/TC.2024.338606873:7(1809-1821)Online publication date: Jul-2024
    • (2023)A Deep Learning Model of Spatial Distance and Named Entity Recognition (SD-NER) for Flood Mark Text ClassificationWater10.3390/w1506119715:6(1197)Online publication date: 20-Mar-2023
    • Show More Cited By

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    WWW '21: Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021
    April 2021
    4054 pages
    ISBN:9781450383127
    DOI:10.1145/3442381
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 03 June 2021

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. POI
    2. entity reviews
    3. joint model
    4. question answering
    5. spatio-textual reasoning
    6. web data

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article
    • Research
    • Refereed limited

    Conference

    WWW '21
    Sponsor:
    WWW '21: The Web Conference 2021
    April 19 - 23, 2021
    Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Acceptance Rates

    Overall Acceptance Rate 1,899 of 8,196 submissions, 23%

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)30
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)4
    Reflects downloads up to 11 Aug 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)On the Opportunities and Challenges of Foundation Models for GeoAI (Vision Paper)ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems10.1145/365307010:2(1-46)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2024
    • (2024)LogSay: An Efficient Comprehension System for Log Numerical ReasoningIEEE Transactions on Computers10.1109/TC.2024.338606873:7(1809-1821)Online publication date: Jul-2024
    • (2023)A Deep Learning Model of Spatial Distance and Named Entity Recognition (SD-NER) for Flood Mark Text ClassificationWater10.3390/w1506119715:6(1197)Online publication date: 20-Mar-2023
    • (2022)You are experienced: interactive tour planning with crowdsourcing tour data from webJournal of Visualization10.1007/s12650-022-00884-126:2(385-401)Online publication date: 26-Oct-2022

    View Options

    Get Access

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    HTML Format

    View this article in HTML Format.

    HTML Format

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media