Cited By
View all- White R(2024)Tasks, Copilots, and the Future of Search: A Keynote at SIGIR 2023ACM SIGIR Forum10.1145/3642979.364298557:2(1-8)Online publication date: 22-Jan-2024
An Integrated Model of Task, Information Needs, Sources and Uncertainty to Design Task-Aware Search Systems
Pages 83 - 92
Abstract
The varieties of information seeking behavior encompass a range of practices and constructs such as the realization of an information need, selecting the nature of information, as well as information sources. Most of the past works have studied various constructs of the information seeking process, i.e., information, information need, and information sources individually. However, a person forms and re-forms his or her information seeking strategy based on continually shifting values of these dimensions associated with information seeking. This preliminary study conducted a survey with 15 search scenarios and multiple-choice characteristics completed by 114 Amazon's Mechanical Turk workers to find out more about how these constructs play a role in people's preferences regarding information seeking strategies. The study took an exploratory and inferential research approach to investigate how different forms of information and information needs might lead to different information sources by building binary classification models. The results show that the choice of sources can be predicted (with 80% accuracy) if the information need, representation, and form of information are apparent.
References
[1]
Naresh Kumar Agarwal. 2011. Verifying survey items for construct validity: A two-stage sorting procedure for questionnaire design in information behavior research. Proceedings of the ASIST Annual Meeting, Vol. 48 (2011).
[2]
Claire J Anderson, Myron Glassman, R Bruce McAfee, and Thomas Pinelli. 2001. An investigation of factors affecting how engineers and scientists seek information. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, Vol. 18, 2 (2001), 131--155.
[3]
Susan J Ashford. 1986. Feedback-seeking in individual adaptation: A resource perspective. Academy of Management journal, Vol. 29, 3 (1986), 465--487.
[4]
Marcia J Bates. 1989. The design of browsing and berrypicking techniques for the online search interface. Online review (1989).
[5]
Eric Bauer and Ron Kohavi. 1999. An empirical comparison of voting classification algorithms: Bagging, boosting, and variants. Machine learning, Vol. 36, 1--2 (1999), 105--139.
[6]
Nicholas J Belkin. 1980. Anomalous states of knowledge as a basis for information retrieval. Canadian journal of information science, Vol. 5, 1 (1980), 133--143.
[7]
Pia Borlund. 2003. The concept of relevance in IR. Journal of the American Society for information Science and Technology, Vol. 54, 10 (2003), 913--925.
[8]
Bertram C Brookes. 1977. The developing cognitive viewpoint in information science. De Mey, M. and al Editors (1977), 195--203.
[9]
Michael K Buckland. 1991. Information as thing. Journal of the American Society for Information Science (1986--1998), Vol. 42, 5 (1991), 351.
[10]
Michael Buhrmester, Tracy Kwang, and Samuel D Gosling. 2016. Amazon's Mechanical Turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality data? (2016).
[11]
Katriina Byström. 2002. Information and information sources in tasks of varying complexity. Journal of the American Society for information Science and Technology, Vol. 53, 7 (2002), 581--591.
[12]
Katriina Byström and Kalervo J"arvelin. 1995. Task complexity affects information seeking and use. Information processing & management, Vol. 31, 2 (1995), 191--213.
[13]
Rafael Capurro and Birger Hjørland. 2003. The concept of information. Annual review of information science and technology, Vol. 37, 1 (2003), 343--411.
[14]
Donald O Case and Lisa M Given. 2012. Looking for information .Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
[15]
Tianqi Chen and Carlos Guestrin. 2016. Xgboost: A scalable tree boosting system. In Proceedings of the 22nd acm sigkdd international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining. 785--794.
[16]
Erik Choi and Chirag Shah. 2016. User motivations for asking questions in online Q&A services. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 67, 5 (2016), 1182--1197.
[17]
Edward W Christensen and James R Bailey. 1997. A source accessibility effect on media selection. Management Communication Quarterly, Vol. 10, 3 (1997), 373--387.
[18]
Ian Cornelius. 2002. Theorizing information for information science. Annual review of information science and technology, Vol. 36, 1 (2002), 392--425.
[19]
Brenda Dervin. 1992. From the mind's eye of the user: The sense-making qualitative-quantitative methodology. Qualitative research in information management, Vol. 9 (1992), 61--84.
[20]
Karen E Fisher and Charles M Naumer. 2006. Information grounds: Theoretical basis and empirical findings on information flow in social settings. New directions in human information behavior (2006), 93--111.
[21]
Jerome H Friedman. 2002. Stochastic gradient boosting. Computational statistics & data analysis, Vol. 38, 4 (2002), 367--378.
[22]
Tim Gorichanaz, Kiersten F Latham, and Elizabeth Wood. 2018. Lifeworld as "unit of analysis". Journal of Documentation (2018).
[23]
Roma M Harris, C Nadine Wathen, and Jana M Fear. 2006. Searching for health information in rural Canada. Where do residents look for health information and what do they do when they find it. Information Research, Vol. 12, 1 (2006), 12--1.
[24]
Trevor Hastie, Saharon Rosset, Ji Zhu, and Hui Zou. 2009. Multi-class adaboost. Statistics and its Interface, Vol. 2, 3 (2009), 349--360.
[25]
Isto Huvila and Farhan Ahmad. 2018. Holistic information behavior and the perceived success of work in organizations. Library & Information Science Research, Vol. 40, 1 (2018), 18--29.
[26]
Peter Ingwersen. 1996. Cognitive perspectives of information retrieval interaction: elements of a cognitive IR theory. Journal of documentation (1996).
[27]
Elihu Katz, Hadassah Haas, and Michael Gurevitch. 1973. On the use of the mass media for important things. American sociological review (1973), 164--181.
[28]
Carol Collier Kuhlthau. 1991. Inside the search process: Information seeking from the user's perspective. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 42, 5 (1991), 361--371.
[29]
Carol Collier Kuhlthau. 1995. The process of learning from information. School Libraries Worldwide, Vol. 1, 1 (1995), 1--12.
[30]
Carol Collier Kuhlthau. 2004. Seeking meaning: A process approach to library and information services. Vol. 2. Libraries Unlimited Westport, CT.
[31]
Sanna Kumpulainen and Kalervo J"arvelin. 2010. Information interaction in molecular medicine: integrated use of multiple channels. In Proceedings of the third symposium on Information interaction in context. 95--104.
[32]
Andy Liaw, Matthew Wiener, et al. 2002. Classification and regression by randomForest. R news, Vol. 2, 3 (2002), 18--22.
[33]
Yang Lin, Charles Cole, and Kimiz Dalkir. 2014. The relationship between perceived value and information source use during KM strategic decision-making: A study of 17 Chinese business managers. Information Processing and Management, Vol. 50, 1 (2014), 156--174.
[34]
Robert M. Losee. 1997. A discipline independent definition of information. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 48, 3 (1997), 254--269.
[35]
Matt Lovett, Saleh Bajaba, Myra Lovett, and Marcia J Simmering. 2018. Data quality from crowdsourced surveys: A mixed method inquiry into perceptions of Amazon's Mechanical Turk Masters. Applied Psychology, Vol. 67, 2 (2018), 339--366.
[36]
Andrew D Madden. 2004. Evolution and information. Journal of Documentation, Vol. 60, 1 (2004), 9--23.
[37]
Gary Marchionini. 2010. Information concepts: From books to cyberspace identities. Synthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval, and Services, Vol. 2, 1 (2010), 1--105.
[38]
Maureen McCreadie and Ronald E Rice. 1999. Trends in analyzing access to information. Part I: cross-disciplinary conceptualizations of access. Information processing & management, Vol. 35, 1 (1999), 45--76.
[39]
Meredith Ringel Morris, Jaime Teevan, and Katrina Panovich. 2010. A Comparison of Information Seeking Using Search Engines and Social Networks. ICWSM, Vol. 10 (2010), 23--26.
[40]
Sanghee Oh. 2012. The characteristics and motivations of health answerers for sharing information, knowledge, and experiences in online environments. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 63, 3 (2012), 543--557.
[41]
Andrea Passerini, Massimiliano Pontil, and Paolo Frasconi. 2004. New results on error correcting output codes of kernel machines. IEEE transactions on neural networks, Vol. 15, 1 (2004), 45--54.
[42]
Allan D Pratt. 1977. The information of the image. Libri, Vol. 27, 1 (1977), 204--220.
[43]
Brent D Ruben. 1972. General system theory: An approach to human communication. Approaches to human communication (1972), 120--144.
[44]
Diane Liang Rulke, Srilata Zaheer, and Marc H Anderson. 2000. Sources of managers' knowledge of organizational capabilities. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, Vol. 82, 1 (2000), 134--149.
[45]
Miamaria Saastamoinen and Kalervo J"arvelin. 2017. Search task features in work tasks of varying types and complexity. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 68, 5 (2017), 1111--1123.
[46]
Miamaria Saastamoinen and Sanna Kumpulainen. 2014. Expected and materialised information source use by municipal officials: intertwining with task complexity. (2014).
[47]
S Rasoul Safavian and David Landgrebe. 1991. A survey of decision tree classifier methodology. IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics, Vol. 21, 3 (1991), 660--674.
[48]
Shawon Sarka, Yiwei Wang, and Chirag Shah. 2017. Investigating relations of information seeking outcomes to the selection and use of information sources. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 54, 1 (2017), 347--356.
[49]
Shawon Sarkar, Matthew Mitsui, Jiqun Liu, and Chirag Shah. 2020. Implicit information need as explicit problems, help, and behavioral signals. Information Processing & Management, Vol. 57, 2 (2020), 102069.
[50]
Reijo Savolainen. 2008. Source preferences in the context of seeking problem-specific information. Information Processing & Management, Vol. 44, 1 (2008), 274--293.
[51]
Chirag Shah and Vanessa Kitzie. 2012. Social Q&A and virtual reference - comparing apples and oranges with the help of experts and users. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 63, 10 (2012), 2020--2036.
[52]
Chirag Shah, Vanessa Kitzie, and Erik Choi. 2014. Modalities, motivations, and materials--investigating traditional and social online Q&A services. Journal of Information Science, Vol. 40, 5 (2014), 669--687.
[53]
Chirag Shah and Jennifer Sonne. 2015. Seeking Information in Online Environments - Where, Who, and Why? iConference 2015 Proceedings (2015).
[54]
Chirag Shah and Ryen W White. 2020. Tutorial on Task-Based Search and Assistance. In Proceedings of the 43rd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. 2436--2439.
[55]
Chirag Shah and Ryen W White. 2021. Task Intelligence for Search and Recommendation. Synthesis Lectures onSynthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval, and Services, Vol. 13, 3 (2021), 1--160.
[56]
Claude E Shannon and Warren Weaver. 1949. The mathematical theory of information .University of Illinois press.
[57]
Aakanksha Sharaff and Harshil Gupta. 2019. Extra-tree classifier with metaheuristics approach for email classification. In Advances in Computer Communication and Computational Sciences. Springer, 189--197.
[58]
Pertti Vakkari. 2000. Relevance and contributing information types of searched documents in task performance. In Proceedings of the 23rd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval. 2--9.
[59]
Pertti Vakkari and Nanna Hakala. 2000. Changes in relevance criteria and problem stages in task performance. Journal of documentation (2000).
[60]
Yiwei Wang, Shawon Sarkar, and Chirag Shah. 2017. Investigating Information Seekers' Selection of Interpersonal and Impersonal Sources. In Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Conference Human Information Interaction and Retrieval. ACM, 353--356.
[61]
Yiwei Wang, Shawon Sarkar, and Chirag Shah. 2018. Juggling with information sources, task type, and information quality. In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & Retrieval. 82--91.
[62]
Thomas D. Wilson. 2010. Human Information Behavior. In Informing Science, Vol. 3. 49--56.
[63]
Wan-Ching Wu, Diane Kelly, and Avneesh Sud. 2014. Using Information Scent and Need for Cognition to Understand Online Search Behavior. In Proceedings of International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Vol. 37. 557--566.
[64]
Yunjie Xu, Cheng Yian Tan, and Li Yang. 2006. Who will you ask? An empirical study of interpersonal task information seeking. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 57, 12 (2006), 1666--1677.
[65]
Yan Zhang. 2010. Contextualizing consumer health information searching: an analysis of questions in a social Q&A community. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Health Informatics Symposium. ACM, 210--219.
Index Terms
- An Integrated Model of Task, Information Needs, Sources and Uncertainty to Design Task-Aware Search Systems
Recommendations
Investigating relations of information seeking outcomes to the selection and use of information sources
ABSTRACTThis paper reports the findings of a study investigating the relationship between information seekers' selection and use of information sources and their perceptions of information seeking outcomes (i.e., successes and failures) in the context ...
Juggling with Information Sources, Task Type, and Information Quality
CHIIR '18: Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Human Information Interaction & RetrievalThis paper examines how individuals judge the accuracy, adequacy, relevance, and trustworthiness of different types of impersonal and interpersonal information sources and how task type influences their evaluation process. 53 participants from diverse ...
Caregiver Attitudes Toward Internet-Enabled Sources of Information
Human Aspects of IT for the Aged PopulationAbstractCaregivers have an array of informational needs in order to accomplish tasks, solve problems, obtain peace-of-mind, and make sense of their caregiving situation, which spurs them toward the activity of information seeking. Technologically enabled ...
Comments
Information & Contributors
Information
Published In
July 2021
334 pages
ISBN:9781450386111
DOI:10.1145/3471158
- General Chair:
- Faegheh Hasibi,
- Program Chairs:
- Yi Fang,
- Akiko Aizawa
Copyright © 2021 ACM.
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]
Sponsors
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery
New York, NY, United States
Publication History
Published: 31 August 2021
Check for updates
Author Tags
Qualifiers
- Research-article
Funding Sources
Conference
ICTIR '21
Sponsor:
ICTIR '21: The 2021 ACM SIGIR International Conference on the Theory of Information Retrieval
July 11, 2021
Virtual Event, Canada
Acceptance Rates
Overall Acceptance Rate 235 of 527 submissions, 45%
Contributors
Other Metrics
Bibliometrics & Citations
Bibliometrics
Article Metrics
- View Citations1Total Citations
- 236Total Downloads
- Downloads (Last 12 months)82
- Downloads (Last 6 weeks)11
Reflects downloads up to 05 Mar 2025
Other Metrics
Citations
Cited By
View all- White R(2024)Tasks, Copilots, and the Future of Search: A Keynote at SIGIR 2023ACM SIGIR Forum10.1145/3642979.364298557:2(1-8)Online publication date: 22-Jan-2024
View Options
Login options
Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.
Sign in