research-article

CamRadar: Hidden Camera Detection Leveraging Amplitude-modulated Sensor Images Embedded in Electromagnetic Emanations

Authors:

Kui RenAuthors Info & Claims

Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, Volume 6, Issue 4

Article No.: 173, Pages 1 - 25

https://doi.org/10.1145/3569505

Published: 11 January 2023 Publication History

Abstract

Hidden cameras in sensitive locations have become an increasing threat to personal privacy all over the world. Because the camera is small and camouflaged, it is difficult to detect the presence of the camera with naked eyes. Existing works on this subject have either only covered using wireless transmission to detect cameras, or using other methods which are cumbersome in practical use. In this paper, we introduce a new direction that leverages the unintentional electromagnetic (EM) emanations of the camera to detect it. We first find that the digital output of the camera's image sensor will be amplitude-modulated to the EM emanations of the camera's clock. Thus, changes in the scope of the camera will directly cause changes in the camera's EM emanations, which constitutes a unique characteristic for a hidden camera. Based on this, we propose a novel camera detection system named CamRadar, which can filter out potential camera EM emanations from numerous EM signals quickly and achieve accurate hidden camera detection. Benefitting from the camera's EM emanations, CamRadar will not be limited by the camera transmission types or the detection angle. Our extensive real-world experiments using CamRadar and 19 hidden cameras show that CamRadar achieves a fast detection (in 16.75s) with a detection rate of 93.23% as well as a low false positive rate of 3.95%.

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Index Terms

CamRadar: Hidden Camera Detection Leveraging Amplitude-modulated Sensor Images Embedded in Electromagnetic Emanations
1. Security and privacy
  1. Human and societal aspects of security and privacy
    1. Privacy protections

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cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies

Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies Volume 6, Issue 4

December 2022

1534 pages

EISSN:2474-9567

DOI:10.1145/3580286

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Published: 11 January 2023

Published in IMWUT Volume 6, Issue 4

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https://doi.org/10.1145/3659614
He JXiong JHu WFeng CYao EWang XLiu CChen XOkoshi TKo JLiKamWa R(2024)CW-AcousLen: A Configurable Wideband Acoustic MetasurfaceProceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services10.1145/3643832.3661882(29-41)Online publication date: 3-Jun-2024
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Wang FLv YZhu MDing HHan J(2024)XRF55Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36435438:1(1-34)Online publication date: 6-Mar-2024
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