Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
research-article
Open access

"I felt like I was doing grown-up things": Young Adult Reflections on their Childhood Experiences of Online Searching and Brokering in Immigrant Families

Published: 26 April 2024 Publication History
  • Get Citation Alerts
  • Abstract

    Online search and brokering (OSB) is the phenomenon in which youth search for information for their immigrant families on the Internet. Few studies exist on reflecting on the past as youth conduct OSB from childhood to adolescence to young adulthood. We conducted a retrospective study using semi-structured interviews of 27 young adults (ages 19 - 24) to examine their experience and perceptions of OSB over time (primary schooling, secondary schooling, undergraduate). We found that although all the interviewees shared a common experience of being an online searcher and information broker for their immigrant families, their stories exist on various dimensions which are constantly shifting and changing over time, as ecological factors influence searching behaviors. We discuss how the results from our study can serve as future references for researchers doing work in search research and designers who are currently working on improving design tools for searching.

    References

    [1]
    Amelia Acker and Leanne Bowler. 2018. Youth Data Literacy: Teen Perspectives on Data Created with Social Media and Mobile Devices. Hawaii Int. Conf. Syst. Sci. 2018 HICSS-51 (January 2018). Retrieved from https://aisel.aisnet.org/hicss-51/dsm/learning_in_dsm/2
    [2]
    Fiona B. Adamson and Gerasimos Tsourapas. 2020. The Migration State in the Global South: Nationalizing, Developmental, and Neoliberal Models of Migration Management. Int. Migr. Rev. 54, 3 (September 2020), 853--882.
    [3]
    Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: The danger of a single story | TED Talk. Retrieved September 12, 2022 from https://www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_ngozi_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story
    [4]
    Denise Agosto. 2002. Bounded rationality and satisficing in young people's Web-based decision making. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2002). Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/asi.10024
    [5]
    Denise Agosto. 2006. Toward a model of the everyday life information needs of urban teenagers, Part 2: Empirical model. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2006). Retrieved from https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/asi.20452?casa_token=-o7ISHYXmvcAAAAA:2ulkPFY0snxLE1mC26621r5svjxUsXAt7fvqSVoCDENB9I4nwrgFwnNXYZBxl2Y1vp7d5M-sUGlrXIg
    [6]
    Denise E Agosto. 2002. A model of young people's decision-making in using the Web. Libr. Inf. Sci. Res. 24, 4 (January 2002), 311--341.
    [7]
    Denise E. Agosto. 2018. Thoughts about the past, present and future of research in youth information behaviors and practices. Inf. Learn. Sci. 120, 1/2 (November 2018), 108--118.
    [8]
    Paul R. Amato and Gay Ochiltree. 1987. Interviewing Children about Their Families: A Note on Data Quality. J. Marriage Fam. 49, 3 (1987), 669--675.
    [9]
    Cecilia Andersson. 2017. ?Google is not fun": an investigation of how Swedish teenagers frame online searching. J. Doc. 73, 6 (January 2017), 1244--1260.
    [10]
    Cecilia Andersson. 2019. Searching and deleting: youth, impression management and online traces of search. Aslib J. Inf. Manag. 72, 1 (January 2019), 34--48.
    [11]
    Marta Arumí and Gema Rubio-Carbonero. 2022. Reflecting on past language brokering experiences: how they affected children's and teenagers' emotions and relationships. Multilingua (May 2022).
    [12]
    Sara Atske and Andrew Perrin. Home broadband adoption, computer ownership vary by race, ethnicity in the U.S. Pew Research Center. Retrieved June 27, 2023 from https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/07/16/home-broadband-adoption-computer-ownership-vary-by-race-ethnicity-in-the-u-s/
    [13]
    Lara Aumann and Peter Titzmann. Technical Brokering of Immigrant Adolescents in Switzerland: A Developmental-Acculturative Perspective | SpringerLink. Retrieved September 12, 2022 from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10826-021-02165--1
    [14]
    Jennifer R. Banas, James W. Ball, Lisa C. Wallis, and Sarah Gershon. 2017. The Adolescent Health Care Broker-Adolescents Interpreting for Family Members and Themselves in Health Care. J. Community Health 42, 4 (August 2017), 739--747.
    [15]
    Dania Bilal and Joe Kirby. 2002. Differences and similarities in information seeking: children and adults as Web users. Inf. Process. Manag. 38, 5 (September 2002), 649--670.
    [16]
    Dania Bilal and Yan Zhang. 2019. Tell Me Exactly What I Need to KNow! Youth's Conceptual Understanding of the Internet and Search Engines. ICERI2019 Proc. (2019), 5688--5693.
    [17]
    Pierre Bourdieu. 1991. Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Polity Press.
    [18]
    Leanne Bowler, Heidi Julien, and Leslie Haddon. 2018. Exploring youth information-seeking behaviour and mobile technologies through a secondary analysis of qualitative data. J. Librariansh. Inf. Sci. 50, 3 (September 2018), 322--331.
    [19]
    Saskia Brand-Gruwel, Iwan Wopereis, and Amber Walraven. 2009. A descriptive model of information problem solving while using internet. Comput. Educ. 53, 4 (December 2009), 1207--1217.
    [20]
    David Brazier, Geoff Walton, and Morgan Harvey. 2019. An investigation into Scottish teenagers' information literacy and search skills. Retrieved September 12, 2022 from http://www.informationr.net/ir/24--1/isic2018/isic1819.html
    [21]
    Andrew J. Campbell, Brad F. Ridout, Melina Linden, Brian Collyer, and John Dalgleish. 2018. A Preliminary Understanding of Search Words used by Children, Teenagers and Young Adults in Seeking Information about Depression and Anxiety Online. J. Technol. Hum. Serv. 36, 4 (October 2018), 208--221.
    [22]
    Alexis Cherewka. 2020. The Digital Divide Hits U.S. Immigrant Households Disproportionately during the COVID-19 Pandemic. migrationpolicy.org. Retrieved May 30, 2023 from https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/digital-divide-hits-us-immigrant-households-during-covid-19
    [23]
    Lynn Schofield Clark. 2012. Risk, Media, and Parenting in a Digital Age. (November 2012).
    [24]
    Teresa Correa. 2014. Bottom-up Technology Transmission Within Families: Exploring How Youths Influence Their Parents' Digital Media Use With Dyadic Data. J. Commun. 64, 1 (February 2014), 103--124.
    [25]
    Teresa Correa. 2015. The Power of Youth: How the Bottom-up Technology Transmission from Children to Parents is Related to Digital (In)equality. Int. J. Commun. 9, 0 (April 2015), 24.
    [26]
    Lyn Craig and Abigail Powell. 2018. Shares of Housework Between Mothers, Fathers and Young People: Routine and Non-routine Housework, Doing Housework for Oneself and Others. Soc. Indic. Res. 136, 1 (February 2018), 269--281.
    [27]
    Nour Dados and Raewyn Connell. 2012. The Global South. Contexts 11, 1 (February 2012), 12--13.
    [28]
    Hasker P. Davis, Scott A. Small, Yaakov Stern, Richard Mayeux, Simeon N. Feldstein, and Frederick R. Keller. 2003. Acquisition, Recall, and Forgetting of Verbal Information in Long-Term Memory by Young, Middle-Aged, and Elderly Individuals. Cortex 39, 4 (January 2003), 1063--1091.
    [29]
    Vanessa Delgado. 2020. ?They Think I'm a Lawyer": Undocumented College Students as Legal Brokers for Their Undocumented Parents. Law and Policy 42, 3 (2020), 261--283.
    [30]
    Vanessa Delgado. 2020. Children of immigrants as ?brokers" in an era of exclusion. Sociology Compass 14, 10 (2020).
    [31]
    Lisa Dodson and Jillian Dickert. 2004. Girls' Family Labor in Low-Income Households: A Decade of Qualitative Research. J. Marriage Fam. 66, 2 (2004), 318--332.
    [32]
    Allison Druin, Elizabeth Foss, Hilary Hutchinson, Evan Golub, and Leshell Hatley. 2010. Children's roles using keyword search interfaces at home. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '10), Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 413--422.
    [33]
    Sergio Duarte Torres and Ingmar Weber. 2011. What and how children search on the web. In Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management (CIKM '11), Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 393--402.
    [34]
    Tarik Endale, Nicole St Jean, and Dina Birman. 2020. COVID-19 and refugee and immigrant youth: A community-based mental health perspective. Psychol. Trauma Theory Res. Pract. Policy 12, S1 (August 2020), S225--S227.
    [35]
    Elizabeth Foss, Allison Druin, Robin Brewer, Phillip Lo, Luis Sanchez, and Evan Golub. 2012. Children's search roles at home: Implications for designers, researchers, educators, and parents. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2012).
    [36]
    Elizabeth Foss, Allison Druin, Jason Yip, Whitney Ford, Evan Golub, and Hilary Hutchinson. 2013. Adolescent search roles. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (2013).
    [37]
    Inmaculada García-Sánchez. 2010. (Re)shaping Practices in Translation: How Moroccan Immigrant Children and Families Navigate Continuity and Change. MediAzioni J. Interdiscip. Stud. Lang. Cult. 10, (January 2010), 182--214.
    [38]
    Carmen Gonzalez, Beth Bollinger, Jason Yip, Laura Pina, Wendy Roldan, and Carolina Nieto Ruiz. 2022. Intergenerational Online Health Information Searching and Brokering: Framing Health Literacy as a Family Asset. Health Commun. 37, 4 (March 2022), 438--449.
    [39]
    Andrew Gary Darwin Holmes. 2020. Researcher Positionality - A Consideration of Its Influence and Place in Qualitative Research - A New Researcher Guide. Shanlax Int. J. Educ. 8, 4 (September 2020), 1--10.
    [40]
    Hannah Hopkins and Gabriela Martinez. 2018. Extracurricular Information Seeking: Adolescents' Informal Information Seeking Practices. (May 2018).
    [41]
    John B. Horrigan. 2006. Part 1. Broadband Adoption in the United States. Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. Retrieved September 12, 2022 from https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2006/05/28/part-1-broadband-adoption-in-the-united-states/
    [42]
    Mizuko Ito. 2013. Hanging Out, Messing Around, and Geeking Out: Kids Living and Learning with New Media. The MIT Press. Retrieved September 13, 2022 from https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/26060
    [43]
    Mizuko Ito, Heather A Horst, Matteo Bittanti, danah boyd, Becky Herr Stephenson, Patricia G Lange, C. J. Pascoe, and Laura Robinson. 2009. Living and Learning with New Media. Cambridge.
    [44]
    Yasmin Kafai and Marcia J. Bates. 1997. Internet Web-Searching Instruction in the Elementary Classroom: Building a Foundation for Information Literacy. Sch. Libr. Media Q. 25, 2 (1997), 103--11.
    [45]
    Vikki S. Katz. 2014. Kids in the Middle: How Children of Immigrants Negotiate Community Interactions for Their Families. Rutgers University Press.
    [46]
    Vikki S. Katz. How Children of Immigrants Use Media to Connect Their Families to the Community: The case of Latinos in South Los Angeles: Journal of Children and Media: Vol 4, No 3. Retrieved September 12, 2022 from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17482798.2010.486136
    [47]
    Vikki S. Katz and Carmen Gonzalez. 2016. Community Variations in Low-Income Latino Families' Technology Adoption and Integration. Am. Behav. Sci. 60, 1 (January 2016), 59--80.
    [48]
    Vikki S. Katz, Carmen Gonzalez, and Kevin Clark. 2017. Digital Inequality and Developmental Trajectories of Low-income, Immigrant, and Minority Children. Pediatrics 140, Suppl 2 (November 2017), S132--S136.
    [49]
    Tracy L. M. Kennedy. 2008. Networked families: parents and spouses are using the internet and cell phones to create a new connectedness" that builds on remote connections and shared internet experiences. Pew Internet & American Life Project, Washington, D.C. Retrieved September 12, 2022 from http://pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Networked_Family.pdf
    [50]
    Sara Kiesler, Bozena Zdaniuk, Vicki Lundmark, and Robert Kraut. 2000. Troubles With the Internet: The Dynamics of Help at Home. Human--Computer Interact. 15, 4 (December 2000), 323--351.
    [51]
    Jinyoung Kim, Brenna McNally, Leyla Norooz, and Allison Druin. 2017. Internet Search Roles of Adults in their Homes. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '17), Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 4948--4959.
    [52]
    Su Yeong Kim, Yang Hou, Jiaxiu Song, Seth J. Schwartz, Shanting Chen, Minyu Zhang, Krista M. Perreira, and Deborah Parra-Medina. 2018. Profiles of Language Brokering Experiences and Contextual Stressors: Implications for Adolescent Outcomes in Mexican Immigrant Families. J. Youth Adolesc. 47, 8 (August 2018), 1629--1648.
    [53]
    Judine Ladbrook and Elizabeth Probert. 2011. Information skills and critical literacy: Where are our digikids at with online searching and are their teachers helping Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 27, 1 (2011).
    [54]
    Wan Shun Eva Lam and Doris S. Warriner. 2012. Transnationalism and Literacy: Investigating the Mobility of People, Languages, Texts, and Practices in Contexts of Migration. Read. Res. Q. 47, 2 (2012), 191--215.
    [55]
    Vanja Lazarevic, Marcela Raffaelli, and Angela Wiley. 2014. Language and Non-linguistic Brokering: Diversity of Experiences of Immigrant Young Adults from Eastern Europe on JSTOR. Journal of Comparative Family Studies 45, 4 (2014), 517--535.
    [56]
    Yvonna Lincoln and Egon Guba. 1985. Naturalistic Inquiry. SAGE Publications, Inc.
    [57]
    Mônica Macedo-Rouet, Anna Potocki, Lisa Scharrer, Christine Ros, Marc Stadtler, Ladislao Salmerón, and Jean-François Rouet. 2019. How Good Is This Page? Benefits and Limits of Prompting on Adolescents' Evaluation of Web Information Quality. Read. Res. Q. 54, 3 (2019), 299--321.
    [58]
    Bryan Marshall, Peter Cardon, Amit Poddar, and Renee Fontenot. 2013. Does Sample Size Matter in Qualitative Research?: A Review of Qualitative Interviews in is Research. J. Comput. Inf. Syst. 54, 1 (September 2013), 11--22.
    [59]
    Nora McDonald, Sarita Schoenebeck, and Andrea Forte. 2019. Reliability and Inter-rater Reliability in Qualitative Research: Norms and Guidelines for CSCW and HCI Practice. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 3, CSCW (November 2019), 72:1--72:23.
    [60]
    Meredith Ringel Morris and Eric Horvitz. 2007. SearchTogether: an interface for collaborative web search. In Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology (UIST '07), Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3--12.
    [61]
    Gina Netto, Lynne Baillie, Theodoros Georgiou, Lai Wan Teng, Noraida Endut, Katerina Strani, and Bernadette O'Rourke. 2022. Resilience, smartphone use and language among urban refugees in the Global south. J. Ethn. Migr. Stud. 48, 3 (February 2022), 542--559.
    [62]
    The internet as an information and economic appliance in the lives of teens and young adults. Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. Retrieved June 27, 2023 from https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2010/02/03/part-4-the-internet-as-an-information-and-economic-appliance-in-the-lives-of-teens-and-young-adults/
    [63]
    Michael Quinn Patton. 1991. Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Retrieved January 13, 2023 from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/nur.4770140111
    [64]
    Laura R. Pina, Carmen Gonzalez, Carolina Nieto, Wendy Roldan, Edgar Onofre, and Jason C. Yip. 2018. How Latino Children in the U.S. Engage in Collaborative Online Information Problem Solving with their Families. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 2, CSCW (November 2018), 140:1--140:26.
    [65]
    Wendy Roldan, Paola Vanegas, Laura Pina, Carmen Gonzalez, and Jason Yip. 2019. The Role of Funds of Knowledge in Online Search and Brokering. International Society of the Learning Sciences (2019).
    [66]
    Terry Rowlands, Neal Waddell, and Bernard McKenna. 2015. Are We There Yet? A Technique to Determine Theoretical Saturation. Journal of Computer Information Systems 56, 40--47 (2015).
    [67]
    Sophie A Rutter, Paul David Clough, and Elaine G Toms. 2019. How the information use environment influences search activities: A case of English primary schools. Journal of Documentation (2019).
    [68]
    Fabio Sabogal, Gerardo Marín, Regina Otero-Sabogal, Barbara Vanoss Marín, and Eliseo J. Perez-Stable. 1987. Hispanic Familism and Acculturation: What Changes and What Doesn't? Hisp. J. Behav. Sci. 9, 4 (December 1987), 397--412.
    [69]
    Donald A. Schon. 1991. Educating the Reflective Practitioner: Toward a New Design for Teaching and Learning in the Professions. Jossey-Bass.
    [70]
    Seth J. Schwartz. 2007. The applicability of familism to diverse ethnic groups: a preliminary study. J. Soc. Psychol. 147, 2 (April 2007), 101--118.
    [71]
    Phoebe Sengers, Kirsten Boehner, Shay David, and Joseph Jofish" Kaye. 2005. Reflective design. In Proceedings of the 4th decennial conference on Critical computing: between sense and sensibility (CC '05), Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 49--58.
    [72]
    Gabriela L. Stein, Laura M. Gonzalez, Alexandra M. Cupito, Lisa Kiang, and Andrew J. Supple. 2015. The Protective Role of Familism in the Lives of Latino Adolescents. J. Fam. Issues 36, 10 (August 2015), 1255--1273.
    [73]
    Kim Su Yeong, Wen Wen, Chen Shanting, Yan Jinjin, Zhang Minyu, and Zeiders Katharine. 2022. Mexican-origin youths' language brokering for fathers and mothers: Daily experiences and youths' diurnal cortisol slopes. Retrieved September 12, 2022 from https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cdev.13768
    [74]
    Lisa Tripp and Rebecca Herr-Stephenson. 2009. Making Access Meaningful: Latino Young People Using Digital Media at Home and at School | Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication | Oxford Academic. Retrieved September 12, 2022 from https://academic.oup.com/jcmc/article/14/4/1190/4583583
    [75]
    Angela Valenzuela. 1999. Subtractive Schooling. Retrieved September 12, 2022 from https://sunypress.edu/Books/S/Subtractive-Schooling
    [76]
    Mariek M. P. Vanden Abeele. 2016. Mobile youth culture: A conceptual development. Mob. Media Commun. 4, 1 (January 2016), 85--101.
    [77]
    Konstantina Vasileiou, Julie Barnett, Susan Thorpe, and Terry Young. 2018. Characterising and justifying sample size sufficiency in interview-based studies: systematic analysis of qualitative health research over a 15-year period. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 18, 1 (November 2018), 148.
    [78]
    Winter Wei, Cosmin Munteanu, and Martin Halvey. 2022. Partners in life and online search: Investigating older couples' collaborative information seeking. In ACM SIGIR Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval (CHIIR '22), Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 47--55.
    [79]
    Terrence G. Wiley. 2021. Outside in: The Relevance of Epistemologies of the Global South for North America and the United States Amidst the Immigration Debate. In A Sociolinguistics of the South. Routledge.
    [80]
    Janelle Wong and Vivian Tseng. 2008. Political Socialisation in Immigrant Families: Challenging Top-Down Parental Socialisation Models. J. Ethn. Migr. Stud. 34, 1 (January 2008), 151--168.
    [81]
    Shane Worrell. 2021. From Language Brokering to Digital Brokering: Refugee Settlement in a Smartphone Age. Social Media + Society (2021).
    [82]
    Robert K. Yin. 2013. Validity and generalization in future case study evaluations. Evaluation 19, 3 (July 2013), 321--332.
    [83]
    Jason C. Yip, Carmen Gonzalez, and Vikki Katz. 2017. Children of Immigrants' Experiences in Online Information Brokering. In Children and Families in the Digital Age. Routledge.
    [84]
    Jason C. Yip, Carmen Gonzalez, and Vikki Katz. 2016. The Learning Experiences of Youth Online Information Brokers. International Society of Learning Sciences (2016).
    [85]
    Jason C. Yip, Wendy Roldan, Carmen Gonzalez, Laura R. Pina, Maria Ruiz, and Paola Vanegas. 2022. Youth invisible work: the sociocultural and collaborative processes of online search and brokering between adolescents and English-language learning families. Inf. Learn. Sci. 123, 7/8 (January 2022), 330--350.
    [86]
    Digital and Economic Divides Put U.S. Children at Greater Educational Risk During the COVID-19 Pandemic. PRB. Retrieved June 27, 2023 from https://www.prb.org/resources/economic-and-digital-divide/

    Index Terms

    1. "I felt like I was doing grown-up things": Young Adult Reflections on their Childhood Experiences of Online Searching and Brokering in Immigrant Families

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Information & Contributors

      Information

      Published In

      cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction
      Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction  Volume 8, Issue CSCW1
      CSCW
      April 2024
      6294 pages
      EISSN:2573-0142
      DOI:10.1145/3661497
      Issue’s Table of Contents
      This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License.

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      Published: 26 April 2024
      Published in PACMHCI Volume 8, Issue CSCW1

      Check for updates

      Author Tags

      1. bilingual search
      2. collaborative search
      3. families and children
      4. immigrant and refugee families
      5. online search and brokering
      6. youth

      Qualifiers

      • Research-article

      Funding Sources

      • National Science Foundation

      Contributors

      Other Metrics

      Bibliometrics & Citations

      Bibliometrics

      Article Metrics

      • 0
        Total Citations
      • 96
        Total Downloads
      • Downloads (Last 12 months)96
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)25
      Reflects downloads up to 10 Aug 2024

      Other Metrics

      Citations

      View Options

      View options

      PDF

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader

      Get Access

      Login options

      Full Access

      Media

      Figures

      Other

      Tables

      Share

      Share

      Share this Publication link

      Share on social media