Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
research-article

Schelling points on 3D surface meshes

Published: 01 July 2012 Publication History
  • Get Citation Alerts
  • Abstract

    This paper investigates "Schelling points" on 3D meshes, feature points selected by people in a pure coordination game due to their salience. To collect data for this investigation, we designed an online experiment that asked people to select points on 3D surfaces that they expect will be selected by other people. We then analyzed properties of the selected points, finding that: 1) Schelling point sets are usually highly symmetric, and 2) local curvature properties (e.g., Gauss curvature) are most helpful for identifying obvious Schelling points (tips of protrusions), but 3) global properties (e.g., segment centeredness, proximity to a symmetry axis, etc.) are required to explain more subtle features. Based on these observations, we use regression analysis to combine multiple properties into an analytical model that predicts where Schelling points are likely to be on new meshes. We find that this model benefits from a variety of surface properties, particularly when training data comes from examples in the same object class.

    Supplementary Material

    JPG File (tp100_12.jpg)
    MP4 File (tp100_12.mp4)

    References

    [1]
    Alexa, M. 2000. Merging polyhedral shapes with scattered features. Visual Computer 16, 26--37.
    [2]
    Amazon, 2009. Mechanical turk. http://www.mturk.com.
    [3]
    Attneave, F. 1954. Some informational aspects of visual perception. Psychological Review 61, 3.
    [4]
    Breiman, L. 2001. Random forests. Machine Learning 45, 1, 5--32.
    [5]
    Bronstein, A., Bronstein, M., and Kimmel, R. 2006. Generalized multidimensional scaling: A framework for isometry-invariant partial surface matching. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 1168--1172.
    [6]
    Bronstein, A., Bronstein, M., Bustos, B., Castellani, U., Crisani, M., Falcidieno, B., Guibas, L., Kokkinos, I., Murino, V., Ovsjanikov, M., Patane, G., Sipiran, I., Spagnuolo, M., and Sun, J. 2010. SHREC 2011: robust feature detection and description benchmark. In Eurographics Workshop on 3D Object Retrieval.
    [7]
    Castellani, U., Cristani, M., Fantoni, S., and Murino, V. 2008. Sparse points matching by combining 3d mesh saliency with statistical descriptors. Computer Graphics Forum 27, 2, 643--652.
    [8]
    Chen, X., Golovinskiy, A., and Funkhouser, T. 2009. A benchmark for 3D mesh segmentation. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 28, 3 (Aug.).
    [9]
    Chua, C., and Jarvis, R. 1996. Point signatures: A new representation for 3D object recognition. International Journal of Computer Vision 25, 1, 63--85.
    [10]
    Cole, F., Golovinskiy, A., Limpaecher, A., Barros, H. S., Finkelstein, A., Funkhouser, T., and Rusinkiewicz, S. 2008. Where do people draw lines? ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 27, 3 (Aug.).
    [11]
    Cole, F., Sanik, K., DeCarlo, D., Finkelstein, A., Funkhouser, T., and an d Manish Singh, S. R. 2009. How well do line drawings depict shape? ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 28, 3 (Aug.).
    [12]
    Funkhouser, T., and Shilane, P. 2006. Partial matching of 3d shapes with priority-driven search. In Symposium on Geometry Processing.
    [13]
    Gal, R., and Cohen-Or, D. 2006. Salient geometric features for partial shape matching and similarity. ACM Transaction on Graphics (January).
    [14]
    Garland, M., and Heckbert, P. S. 1997. Surface simplification using quadric error metrics. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1997, Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 209--216.
    [15]
    Giorgi, D., Biasotti, S., and Paraboschi, L., 2007. SHREC:SHape REtrieval Contest: Watertight models track, http://watertight.ge.imati.cnr.it/.
    [16]
    Heer, J., and Bostock, M. 2010. Crowdsourcing graphical perception: Using Mechanical Turk to assess visualization design. In ACM Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), 203--212.
    [17]
    Hisada, M., Belyaev, A., and Kunii, T. 2002. A skeleton-based approach for detection of perceptually salient features on polygonal surfaces. Computer Graphics Forum 21, 4, 689--700.
    [18]
    Hoffman, D. D., and Singh, M. 1997. Salience of visual parts. vol. 63.
    [19]
    Huang, T., Cheng, K., and Chuang, Y. 2009. A collaborative benchmark for region of interest detection algorithms. 296--303.
    [20]
    Itti, L., Koch, C., and Neibur, E. 1998. A model of saliency-based visual attention for rapid scene analysis. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 20, 11, 1254--1259.
    [21]
    Johnson, A. 2000. Surface landmark selection and matching in natural terrain. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), vol. 2, 413--420. Using saliency in choosing spin images.
    [22]
    Kalogerakis, E., Hertzmann, A., and Singh, K. 2010. Learning 3d mesh segmentation and labeling. ACM Transactions on Graphics (proc. SIGGRAPH) 29, 3.
    [23]
    Katz, S., Leifman, G., and Tal, A. 2005. Mesh segmentation using feature point and core extraction. Visual Computer (September).
    [24]
    Kim, Y., Varshney, A., and adn François Guimbretière, D. J. 2010. Mesh saliency and human eye fixations. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception 7, 2 (February).
    [25]
    Kim, V., Lipman, Y., and Funkhouser, T. 2011. Blended intrinsic maps. ACM Transactions on Graphics (SIGGRAPH 2011) (jul).
    [26]
    Ko, B., and Nam, J. 2006. Object-of-interest image segmentation based on human attention and semantic region clustering. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 23, 10 (October), 2462--2470.
    [27]
    Koch, C., and Ullman, S. 1985. Shifts in selective visual attention: towards the underlying neural circuitry. Human Neurobiology 4, 219--227.
    [28]
    Kraevoy, V., and Sheffer, A. 2004. Cross-parameterization and compatible remeshing of 3d models. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc SIGGRAPH) 23, 3, 861--869.
    [29]
    Lee, C. H., Varshney, A., and Jacobs, D. W. 2005. Mesh saliency. ACM Transactions on Graphics (SIGGRAPH 2005) (aug).
    [30]
    Lewis, D. 1969. Convention: A Philosophical Study. Harvard University Press.
    [31]
    Li, X., and Guskov, I. 2005. Multi-scale features for approximate alignment of point-based surfaces. In Symposium on Geometry Processing.
    [32]
    Li, X., and Guskov, I. 2007. 3d object recognition from range images using pyramid matching. In Workshop on 3D Representation for Recognition (3dRR).
    [33]
    Lipman, Y., and Funkhouser, T. 2009. Mobius voting for surface correspondence. ACM Transactions on Graphics (SIGGRAPH 2009) (August).
    [34]
    Milanes, R., Wechsler, H., Gil, S., Bost, J., and Pun, T. 1994. Integration of bottom-up and top-down cues for visual attention using non-linear relaxation. IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 781--785.
    [35]
    Moreels, P., and Perona, P. 2007. Evaluation of features detectors and descriptors based on 3d objects. IJCV 73, 3 (July), 263--284.
    [36]
    Novotni, M., Degener, P., and Klein, R. 2005. Correspondence generation and matching of 3d shape subparts. Tech. Rep. CG-2005-2, Universität Bonn, June.
    [37]
    Parker, P. 2011. Webster's On-line Dictionary: The Rosetta Edition. http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org.
    [38]
    Privitera, C., and Stark, L. 2000. Algorithms for defining visual regions-of-interest: Comparison with eye fixations. PAMI 22, 9 (September), 970--982.
    [39]
    Rosenholtz, R. 1999. A simple saliency model predicts a number of motion popout phenomena. Vision Research 39, 19, 3157--3163.
    [40]
    Rusinkiewicz, S. 2004. Estimating curvatures and their derivatives on triangle meshes. In Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization, and Transmission.
    [41]
    Santella, A., and DeCarlo, D. 2004. Robust clustering of eye movement recordings for quantification of visual interest. In Eye Tracking Research and Applications (ETRA), 27--34.
    [42]
    Schelling, T. 1960. The Strategy of Conflict. Harvard University Press.
    [43]
    Schlattmann, M., Degener, P., and Klein, R. 2008. Scale space based feature point detection on surfaces. Journal of WSCG 16 (February).
    [44]
    Schmid, C., Mohr, R., and Bauckhage, C. 2000. Evaluation of interest point detectors. IJCV 37, 2 (June), 151--172.
    [45]
    Sebe, N., and Lew, M. 2003. Comparing salient point detectors. Pattern Recognition Letters 24, 1-3 (January), 89--96.
    [46]
    Shapira, L., Shamir, A., and Cohen-Or, D. 2008. Consistent mesh partitioning and skeletonisation using the shape diameter function. Vis. Comput. 24, 4, 249--259.
    [47]
    Shilane, P., and Funkhouser, T. 2007. Distinctive regions of 3d surfaces. ACM Transactions on Graphics 26, 2 (June).
    [48]
    Simpson, J. 1989. Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition. Oxford University Press. http://dictionary.oed.com.
    [49]
    Sonthi, R., Kunjur, G., and Gadh, R. 1997. Shape feature determination using the curvature region representation. In Proc. Solid Modeling, ACM.
    [50]
    Stark, M., and Schiele, B. 2007. How good are local features for classes of geometric objects. 1--8.
    [51]
    Sumner, R., and Popovic, J. 2004. Deformation transfer for triangle meshes. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc SIGGRAPH) 23, 3, 399--405.
    [52]
    Sun, J., Ovsjanikov, M., and Guibas, L. 2009. A Concise and Provably Informative Multi-Scale Signature Based on Heat Diffusion. In Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 28, Wiley Online Library, 1383--1392.
    [53]
    Tsotsos, J., Culhane, S., Wai, W., Lai, Y., Davis, N., and Nuflo, F. 1995. Modeling visual-attention via selective tuning. Artificial Intelligence 78, 1-2, 507--545.
    [54]
    van Kaick, O., Zhang, H., Hamarneh, G., and Cohen-Or, D. 2010. A survey on shape correspondence. In Proc. of Eurographics State-of-the-art Report.
    [55]
    Von Ahn, L., and Dabbish, L. 2008. Designing games with a purpose. Communications of the ACM 51, 8, 58--67.
    [56]
    Witten, I. H., and Frank, E. 2005. Data mining: Practical machine learning tools and techniques, 2nd edition.
    [57]
    Xu, K., Zhang, H., Tagliasacchi, A., Liu, L., Li, G., Meng, M., and Xiong, Y. 2009. Partial intrinsic reflectional symmetry of 3d shapes. ACM Transactions on Graphics, (Proceedings SIGGRAPH Asia 2009) 28, 5, to appear.
    [58]
    Zaharescu, A., Boyer, E., Varanasi, K., and Horaud, R. 2009. Surface feature detection and description with applications to mesh matching. In CVPR.
    [59]
    Zhang, E., Mischaikow, K., and Turk, G. 2005. Feature-based surface parameterization and texture mapping. ACM Transactions on Graphics 24, 1.
    [60]
    Zhang, H., Sheffer, A., Cohen-Or, D., Zhou, Q., van Kaick, O., and Tagliasacchi, A. 2008. Deformation-driven shape correspondence. Comput. Graph. Forum 27, 5, 1431--1439.
    [61]
    Zhou, Y., and Huang, Z. 2004. Decomposing polygon meshes by means of critical points. In MMM, 187--195.
    [62]
    Zuliani, M., Kenney, C., and Manjunath, B. 2004. A mathematical comparison of point detectors. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop, 172.

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)3VR: Vice Versa Virtual Reality Algorithm to Track and Map User ExperienceJournal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 10.1145/365634617:3(1-19)Online publication date: 6-Apr-2024
    • (2024)Color Transfer for Images: A SurveyACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications10.1145/363515220:8(1-29)Online publication date: 9-Jul-2024
    • (2024)Towards 3D Colored Mesh Saliency: Database and BenchmarksIEEE Transactions on Multimedia10.1109/TMM.2023.331292426(3580-3591)Online publication date: 2024
    • Show More Cited By

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Transactions on Graphics
    ACM Transactions on Graphics  Volume 31, Issue 4
    July 2012
    935 pages
    ISSN:0730-0301
    EISSN:1557-7368
    DOI:10.1145/2185520
    Issue’s Table of Contents
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 01 July 2012
    Published in TOG Volume 31, Issue 4

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. 3D shape analysis
    2. feature detection
    3. shape matching

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Funding Sources

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)41
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)8
    Reflects downloads up to 27 Jul 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)3VR: Vice Versa Virtual Reality Algorithm to Track and Map User ExperienceJournal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 10.1145/365634617:3(1-19)Online publication date: 6-Apr-2024
    • (2024)Color Transfer for Images: A SurveyACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications10.1145/363515220:8(1-29)Online publication date: 9-Jul-2024
    • (2024)Towards 3D Colored Mesh Saliency: Database and BenchmarksIEEE Transactions on Multimedia10.1109/TMM.2023.331292426(3580-3591)Online publication date: 2024
    • (2024)Attention-guided LiDAR segmentation and odometry using image-to-point cloud saliency transferMultimedia Systems10.1007/s00530-024-01389-730:4Online publication date: 1-Aug-2024
    • (2024)SAL3D: a model for saliency prediction in 3D meshesThe Visual Computer10.1007/s00371-023-03206-0Online publication date: 4-Jan-2024
    • (2023)K-Surfaces: Bézier-Splines Interpolating at Gaussian Curvature ExtremaACM Transactions on Graphics10.1145/361838342:6(1-13)Online publication date: 5-Dec-2023
    • (2023)Context-Aware 3D Points of Interest Detection via Spatial Attention MechanismACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications10.1145/359702619:6(1-19)Online publication date: 12-Jul-2023
    • (2023)Learning 3D Shape Aesthetics Globally and LocallyComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1470241:7(579-588)Online publication date: 20-Mar-2023
    • (2023)Automatic Schelling Point Detection From MeshesIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2022.314414329:6(2926-2939)Online publication date: 1-Jun-2023
    • (2023)3D Visual Saliency: An Independent Perceptual Measure or A Derivative of 2D Image Saliency?IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence10.1109/TPAMI.2023.3287356(1-17)Online publication date: 2023
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    Get Access

    Login options

    Full Access

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media