Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
10.1145/1514932.1514942acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesispdConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Fast buffering for optimizing worst slack and resource consumption in repeater trees

Published: 29 March 2009 Publication History

Abstract

We present a very fast algorithm for buffering repeater trees. We scan a given preliminary topology in a bottom-up fashion and insert buffers and inverters, respecting the parities of the sinks. Information obtained by preprocessing allows for very fast decisions. To bound the number of shielding repeaters, they are only used where necessary to maximize the worst slack. Furthermore, instead of using a fixed set of repeater positions, they are computed on the fly based on the already buffered subtrees. Another key feature of our algorithm is that we modify the preliminary topology while buffering in order to avoid parallel wires or too many inverters.
Experimental results on industrial designs illustrate the speed, quality, practicality, and flexibility of our procedure. In particular, we buffer about 100,000 repeater trees per minute and obtain results that are close to the theoretical optimum in several respects.

References

[1]
C.J. Alpert, and A. Devgan, "Wire segmenting for improved buffer insertion", Proceedings of the 34th IEEE/ACM Design Automation Conference (1997), 588--593
[2]
C.J. Alpert, M. Hrkic, and S.T. Quay, "A fast algorithm for identifying good buffer insertion candidate locations", Proceedings of the ACM International Symposium on Physical Design (2004), 47--52
[3]
C.J. Alpert, D.P. Mehta, S.S. Sapatnekar (editors), "Handbook of Algorithms for Physical Design Automation", Auerbach Publishers Inc. (2008).
[4]
C. Bartoschek, S. Held, D. Rautenbach, and J. Vygen: "Efficient Generation of Short and Fast Repeater Tree Topologies", Proceedings of the International Symposium on Physical Design (2006), 120--127, 2006.
[5]
C.C.N. Chu, and D.F. Wong, "Closed form solution to simultaneous buffer insertion/sizing and wire sizing", Proceedings of the ACM International Symposium on Physical Design (1997), 192--197
[6]
C.C.N. Chu, and Y.-C. Wong, "FLUTE: Fast Lookup Table Based Rectilinear Steiner Minimal Tree Algorithm for VLSI Design", IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design, 27 (2008), 70--83
[7]
S. Dhar, and M. A. Franklin, "Optimum buffer circuits for driving long uniform lines", IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 26 (1991), 32--40
[8]
E.W. Dijkstra, "A note on two problems in connexion with graphs", Numerische Mathematik 1 (1959), 269--271
[9]
W.C. Elmore, "The transient response of damped linear networks with particular regard to wideband amplifiers", Journal of Applied Physics 19 (1948), 55--63
[10]
L.P.P.P. van Ginneken, "Buffer placement in distributed RC-tree networks for minimal Elmore delay", Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium of Circuits and Systems (1990), 865--868
[11]
S. Hu, C. Alpert, J. Hu, S. Karandikar, Z. Li, W. Shi, and C. N. Sze, "Fast algorithms for slew constrained minimum cost buffering", Proceedings of the 43rd Design Automation Conference (2006).
[12]
Z. Li, and W. Shi, "An O(mn) time algorithm for optimal buffer insertion of nets with m sinks", Proceedings of the Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (2006), 320--325
[13]
Z. Li, and W. Shi, "An O(bn2) time algorithm for optimal buffer insertion with b buffer types", IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 25 (2006), 484--489
[14]
J. Lillis, C.-K. Cheng, and T.-T.Y. Lin, "Optimal wire sizing and buffer insertion for low power and a generalized delay model", IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 31(3) (1996), 437--447
[15]
Y.-Y. Mo, and C.C.N. Chu, "A hybrid dynamic / quadratic programming algorithm for interconnect tree optimization", Proceedings of the ACM International Symposium on Physical Design (2000), 134--139
[16]
W. Shi, and Z. Li, "A fast algorithm for optimal buffer insertion", IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 24 (2005), 879--891
[17]
J. Vygen, "Slack in static timing analysis", IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 25 (2006), 1876--1885

Cited By

View all

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
ISPD '09: Proceedings of the 2009 international symposium on Physical design
March 2009
208 pages
ISBN:9781605584492
DOI:10.1145/1514932
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 29 March 2009

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. interconnect buffering
  2. physical design
  3. repeater insertion
  4. repeater tree
  5. timing closure

Qualifiers

  • Research-article

Conference

ISPD09
Sponsor:
ISPD09: International Symposium on Physical Design
March 29 - April 1, 2009
California, San Diego, USA

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 62 of 172 submissions, 36%

Upcoming Conference

ISPD '25
International Symposium on Physical Design
March 16 - 19, 2025
Austin , TX , USA

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)10
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)3
Reflects downloads up to 13 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)Global Interconnect OptimizationACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems10.1145/358704428:5(1-24)Online publication date: 9-Sep-2023
  • (2023)BonnLogic: Delay optimization by And-Or Path restructuringIntegration10.1016/j.vlsi.2022.11.01489(123-133)Online publication date: Mar-2023
  • (2022)Delay Optimization of Combinational Logic by AND-OR Path RestructuringProceedings of the 27th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference10.1109/ASP-DAC52403.2022.9712548(403-409)Online publication date: 17-Jan-2022
  • (2019)Global Interconnect Optimization2019 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)10.1109/ICCAD45719.2019.8942155(1-8)Online publication date: Nov-2019
  • (2010)The repeater tree construction problemInformation Processing Letters10.1016/j.ipl.2010.08.016110:24(1079-1083)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2010
  • (2009)Binary trees with choosable edge lengthsInformation Processing Letters10.1016/j.ipl.2009.07.002109:18(1087-1092)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2009

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media