ABSTRACT This document is the output of Task 1 of the ESA Ka-band GMTI study. It provides a revie... more ABSTRACT This document is the output of Task 1 of the ESA Ka-band GMTI study. It provides a review of state-of-the-art single- and multi-channel techniques and algorithms for ground moving target indication and ocean current measurements, and a review of state-of-theart instruments. An analysis of these techniques and algorithms in terms target detection performance, computational load requirements, downlink data rates and need for training sequences is conducted. For each reviewed algorithm the advantages and drawbacks are identified. Potential scenarios of application are listed.
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2015
ABSTRACT This paper explores the ground moving target indication (GMTI) capabilities of the Germa... more ABSTRACT This paper explores the ground moving target indication (GMTI) capabilities of the German Aerospace Center’s state-of-the-art airborne (F-SAR) and spaceborne (TerraSAR-X) synthetic aperture radars (SARs) when operating over maritime scenarios. The performance of classical dual channel GMTI techniques, such as displaced phase center antenna (DPCA) and along-track interferometry (ATI), as well as the promising adaptive techniques, like extended DPCA (EDPCA) and imaging space–time adaptive processing (ISTAP) have been analyzed on the basis of experimental acquisitions with both sensors. The objective of the paper is to highlight the limitations and challenges to be considered when processing real, multichannel GMTI data from pioneering SAR sensors for maritime surveillance. Different calibration or channel balancing strategies, on the basis of the digital balancing (DB) method, are studied, considering their impact on SAR-GMTI performance. An adaptive SAR processor, accounting for target kinematics and based on a matched filter bank (MFB) approach, is integrated in the SAR-GMTI processing chain in order to retrieve refocused images of the moving vessels.
In the paper a ground moving target indication (GMTI) and parameter estimation algorithm based on... more In the paper a ground moving target indication (GMTI) and parameter estimation algorithm based on a priori knowledge is presented. This algorithm is suitable for real time airborne traffic monitoring applications using single- as well as multi-channel synthetic aperture radar (SAR). It operates directly on range-compressed data. Only the intersection points of the moving vehicle signals with the road axis
ABSTRACT In this paper an extension of our “Fast GMTI Algorithm for Traffic Monitoring Based on A... more ABSTRACT In this paper an extension of our “Fast GMTI Algorithm for Traffic Monitoring Based on A Priori Knowledge” [1,2] to an arbitrary number of M receiving (RX) channels is presented. This is done by incorporating Post-Doppler space-time adaptive processing into the processing chain. In contrast to our original dual-channel algorithm this additionally allows for robust estimation of the direction-of-arrival (DOA) angles of the detected signals. As a consequence false detections can be recognized and discarded. In the paper the processing chain is explained and performance estimation results for DLR's multi-channel airborne F-SAR system are presented and discussed.
Abstract Following the success of the first bistatic spaceborne-airborne experiment between Terra... more Abstract Following the success of the first bistatic spaceborne-airborne experiment between TerraSAR-X and F-SAR carried out in November 2007, DLR has performed a second bistatic experiment in July 2008 with new challenging acquisitions. Furthermore, the ...
2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2012
ABSTRACT This paper presents an initial analysis of the possibilities for velocity and accelerati... more ABSTRACT This paper presents an initial analysis of the possibilities for velocity and acceleration measurement with the Bi-Directional (BiDi) SAR imaging mode. The analysis comprises single satellite single path acquisitions as well as one path of a constellation of two satellites. The translational velocity components into azimuth and range directions are simulated for TerraSAR-X parameters. Image examples show velocity and acceleration effects on ships in the Singapore harbor area acquired with the TerraSAR-X (TSX) and TanDEM-X (TDX) satellites. Special attention is given to interferometric fringes observed on anchoring ships after the subtraction of the surface related phase component. A first approach into the understanding of rotational effects was achieved by the simulation of a rotating ship which resulted in a similar fringe pattern as observed in the interferogram.
ABSTRACT In the paper the usability of LTE data transmission from an aircraft to the ground is in... more ABSTRACT In the paper the usability of LTE data transmission from an aircraft to the ground is investigated. Theoretical analyses and experimental measurements have been carried out by using a commercial low-cost LTE modem and the existing LTE base station infrastructure on ground. In the airborne experiment over wide areas a stable LTE connection was achieved.
Since November 2006, DLR operates F-SAR - a new airborne SAR sensor beside its experimental airbo... more Since November 2006, DLR operates F-SAR - a new airborne SAR sensor beside its experimental airborne SAR sensor E-SAR. F-SAR is a totally new development utilizing most modern hardware. It is presently operated in X-band and has been supplemented recently being fully polarimetric. F-SAR already accomplished several flights and acquired SAR data in different operation modes, amongst others in along-track-interferometric
To meet the challenges of ever increasing road traffic and the associated economic and sociologic... more To meet the challenges of ever increasing road traffic and the associated economic and sociological impacts, new techniques and technologies for better traffic management are needed. The TRAMRAD project (Traffic Monitoring with space-based Radar) aims to profit from research and development in earth observation and advances in radar remote sensing techniques to define a future space-based sensor system for the
ABSTRACT This document is the output of Task 1 of the ESA Ka-band GMTI study. It provides a revie... more ABSTRACT This document is the output of Task 1 of the ESA Ka-band GMTI study. It provides a review of state-of-the-art single- and multi-channel techniques and algorithms for ground moving target indication and ocean current measurements, and a review of state-of-theart instruments. An analysis of these techniques and algorithms in terms target detection performance, computational load requirements, downlink data rates and need for training sequences is conducted. For each reviewed algorithm the advantages and drawbacks are identified. Potential scenarios of application are listed.
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2015
ABSTRACT This paper explores the ground moving target indication (GMTI) capabilities of the Germa... more ABSTRACT This paper explores the ground moving target indication (GMTI) capabilities of the German Aerospace Center’s state-of-the-art airborne (F-SAR) and spaceborne (TerraSAR-X) synthetic aperture radars (SARs) when operating over maritime scenarios. The performance of classical dual channel GMTI techniques, such as displaced phase center antenna (DPCA) and along-track interferometry (ATI), as well as the promising adaptive techniques, like extended DPCA (EDPCA) and imaging space–time adaptive processing (ISTAP) have been analyzed on the basis of experimental acquisitions with both sensors. The objective of the paper is to highlight the limitations and challenges to be considered when processing real, multichannel GMTI data from pioneering SAR sensors for maritime surveillance. Different calibration or channel balancing strategies, on the basis of the digital balancing (DB) method, are studied, considering their impact on SAR-GMTI performance. An adaptive SAR processor, accounting for target kinematics and based on a matched filter bank (MFB) approach, is integrated in the SAR-GMTI processing chain in order to retrieve refocused images of the moving vessels.
In the paper a ground moving target indication (GMTI) and parameter estimation algorithm based on... more In the paper a ground moving target indication (GMTI) and parameter estimation algorithm based on a priori knowledge is presented. This algorithm is suitable for real time airborne traffic monitoring applications using single- as well as multi-channel synthetic aperture radar (SAR). It operates directly on range-compressed data. Only the intersection points of the moving vehicle signals with the road axis
ABSTRACT In this paper an extension of our “Fast GMTI Algorithm for Traffic Monitoring Based on A... more ABSTRACT In this paper an extension of our “Fast GMTI Algorithm for Traffic Monitoring Based on A Priori Knowledge” [1,2] to an arbitrary number of M receiving (RX) channels is presented. This is done by incorporating Post-Doppler space-time adaptive processing into the processing chain. In contrast to our original dual-channel algorithm this additionally allows for robust estimation of the direction-of-arrival (DOA) angles of the detected signals. As a consequence false detections can be recognized and discarded. In the paper the processing chain is explained and performance estimation results for DLR's multi-channel airborne F-SAR system are presented and discussed.
Abstract Following the success of the first bistatic spaceborne-airborne experiment between Terra... more Abstract Following the success of the first bistatic spaceborne-airborne experiment between TerraSAR-X and F-SAR carried out in November 2007, DLR has performed a second bistatic experiment in July 2008 with new challenging acquisitions. Furthermore, the ...
2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2012
ABSTRACT This paper presents an initial analysis of the possibilities for velocity and accelerati... more ABSTRACT This paper presents an initial analysis of the possibilities for velocity and acceleration measurement with the Bi-Directional (BiDi) SAR imaging mode. The analysis comprises single satellite single path acquisitions as well as one path of a constellation of two satellites. The translational velocity components into azimuth and range directions are simulated for TerraSAR-X parameters. Image examples show velocity and acceleration effects on ships in the Singapore harbor area acquired with the TerraSAR-X (TSX) and TanDEM-X (TDX) satellites. Special attention is given to interferometric fringes observed on anchoring ships after the subtraction of the surface related phase component. A first approach into the understanding of rotational effects was achieved by the simulation of a rotating ship which resulted in a similar fringe pattern as observed in the interferogram.
ABSTRACT In the paper the usability of LTE data transmission from an aircraft to the ground is in... more ABSTRACT In the paper the usability of LTE data transmission from an aircraft to the ground is investigated. Theoretical analyses and experimental measurements have been carried out by using a commercial low-cost LTE modem and the existing LTE base station infrastructure on ground. In the airborne experiment over wide areas a stable LTE connection was achieved.
Since November 2006, DLR operates F-SAR - a new airborne SAR sensor beside its experimental airbo... more Since November 2006, DLR operates F-SAR - a new airborne SAR sensor beside its experimental airborne SAR sensor E-SAR. F-SAR is a totally new development utilizing most modern hardware. It is presently operated in X-band and has been supplemented recently being fully polarimetric. F-SAR already accomplished several flights and acquired SAR data in different operation modes, amongst others in along-track-interferometric
To meet the challenges of ever increasing road traffic and the associated economic and sociologic... more To meet the challenges of ever increasing road traffic and the associated economic and sociological impacts, new techniques and technologies for better traffic management are needed. The TRAMRAD project (Traffic Monitoring with space-based Radar) aims to profit from research and development in earth observation and advances in radar remote sensing techniques to define a future space-based sensor system for the
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Papers by Stefan V Baumgartner