research-article

Toward practical real-time photon mapping: efficient GPU density estimation

Authors:

Morgan McGuireAuthors Info & Claims

I3D '13: Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games

Pages 71 - 78

https://doi.org/10.1145/2448196.2448207

Published: 21 March 2013 Publication History

Abstract

We describe the design space for real-time photon density estimation, the key step of rendering global illumination (GI) via photon mapping. We then detail and analyze efficient GPU implementations of four best-of-breed algorithms. All produce reasonable results on NVIDIA GeForce 670 at 1920 × 1080 for complex scenes with multiple-bounce diffuse effects, caustics, and glossy reflection in real-time. Across the designs we conclude that tiled, deferred photon gathering in a compute shader gives the best combination of performance and quality.

References

[1]

Akenine-Möller, T., Haines, E., and Hoffman, N. 2008. Real-Time Rendering 3rd Edition. A. K. Peters, Ltd., Natick, MA, USA.

[2]

Andersson, J., 2011. DirectX 11 rendering in Battlefield 3, March. Talk at the Game Developer's Conference.

[3]

Dammertz, H., Sewtz, D., Hanika, J., and Lensch, H. P. A. 2010. Edge-avoiding a-trous wavelet transform for fast global illumination filtering. In Proc. of HPG, Eurographics Association, Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, HPG '10, 67--75.

Digital Library

[4]

Eberly, D. 1999. Perspective projection of an ellipsoid.

[5]

Hachisuka, T., Jarosz, W., Bouchard, G., Christensen, P., Frisvad, J. R., Jakob, W., Jensen, H. W., Kaschalk, M., Knaus, C., Selle, A., and Spencer, B. 2012. State of the art in photon density estimation. ACM, NY, NY, USA, SIGGRAPH '12 Courses, 6:1--6:469.

Digital Library

[6]

Jakob, W., Regg, C., and Jarosz, W. 2011. Progressive expectation-maximization for hierarchical volumetric photon mapping. vol. 30, 1287--1297.

Digital Library

[7]

Jarosz, W., Nowrouzezahrai, D., Thomas, R., Sloan, P.-P., and Zwicker, M. 2011. Progressive photon beams. In SIGGRAPH Asia 2011, ACM, NY, NY, USA, 181:1--181:12.

Digital Library

[8]

Jensen, H. W. 1996. Global illumination using photon maps. In Rendering techniques, Springer-Verlag, London, UK, 21--30.

Digital Library

[9]

Jensen, H. W. 2001. Realistic image synthesis using photon mapping. A. K. Peters, Ltd., Natick, MA, USA.

Digital Library

[10]

Kim, P. 2012. Screen space decals in Warhammer 40,000: Space Marine. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2012 Talks, ACM, New York, NY, USA, SIGGRAPH '12, 6:1--6:1.

Digital Library

[11]

Laine, S., and Karras, T. 2010. Two methods for fast ray-cast ambient occlusion. In Proc. of EGSR, Eurographics Association, Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, EGSR'10, 1325--1333.

Digital Library

[12]

Li, S., Simons, L., Pakaravoor, J. B., Abbasinejad, F., Owens, J. D., and Amenta, N. 2012. kANN on the GPU with shifted sorting. In Proc. of HPG '12, Eurographics Association, Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, 39--47.

Digital Library

[13]

Ma, V. C. H., and McCool, M. D. 2002. Low latency photon mapping using block hashing. In Proc. of Graph. Hard., Eurographics Association, Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, 89--99.

Digital Library

[14]

Maletz, D., and Wang, R. 2011. Importance point projection for gpu-based final gathering. In Proc. of EGSR, Eurographics Association, Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, EGSR'11, 1327--1336.

Digital Library

[15]

Mara, M., and McGuire, M. 2012. 2D polyhedral bounds of a clipped, perspective-projected 3D sphere. JCGT. in submission.

[16]

McGuire, M., and Luebke, D. 2009. Hardware-accelerated global illumination by image space photon mapping. In Proc. of HPG, ACM, New York, NY, USA, HPG '09, 77--89.

Digital Library

[17]

Meyer, Q., Süssmuth, J., Sussner, G., Stamminger, M., and Greiner, G. 2010. On floating-point normal vectors. Comput. Graph. Forum 29, 4, 1405--1409.

Digital Library

[18]

Nichols, G., and Wyman, C. 2009. Multiresolution splatting for indirect illumination. In Proc. of I3D, ACM, New York, NY, USA, I3D '09, 83--90.

Digital Library

[19]

Papaioannou, G. 2011. Real-time diffuse global illumination using radiance hints. In Proc. of HPG, ACM, New York, NY, USA, HPG '11, 15--24.

Digital Library

[20]

Parker, S. G., Bigler, J., Dietrich, A., Friedrich, H., Hoberock, J., Luebke, D., McAllister, D., McGuire, M., Morley, K., Robison, A., and Stich, M. 2010. Optix: a general purpose ray tracing engine. ACM Trans. Graph. 29, 4 (July), 66:1--66:13.

Digital Library

[21]

Szirmay-kalos, L., Aszdi, B., Laznyi, I., and Premecz, M. 2005. Approximate ray-tracing on the GPU with distance impostors. Computer Graphics Forum (Eurographics 05).

[22]

Wang, R., Wang, R., Zhou, K., Pan, M., and Bao, H. 2009. An efficient GPU-based approach for interactive global illumination. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers, ACM, New York, NY, USA, SIGGRAPH '09, 91:1--91:8.

Digital Library

[23]

Wang, T., 2007. Integer hash function, March. http://www.concentric.net/ttwang/tech/inthash.htm.

[24]

Yao, C., Wang, B., Chan, B., Yong, J., and Paul, J.-C. 2010. Multi-image based photon tracing for interactive global illumination of dynamic scenes. In Proc. of EGSR, Eurographics Association, Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, EGSR'10, 1315--1324.

Digital Library

[25]

Zhou, K., Hou, Q., Wang, R., and Guo, B. 2008. Real-time kd-tree construction on graphics hardware. ACM, NY, NY, USA, SIGGRAPH Asia '08, 126:1--126:11.

Digital Library

Cited By

Binder NFricke SKeller A(2022)Massively Parallel Path Space FilteringMonte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods10.1007/978-3-030-98319-2_7(149-168)Online publication date: 21-May-2022
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98319-2_7
Choi HMoon B(2021)Consistent Post‐Reconstruction for Progressive Photon MappingComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1440640:7(121-130)Online publication date: 27-Nov-2021
https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.14406
Shi XWang LWei XYan L(2021)Foveated Photon MappingIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2021.310648827:11(4183-4193)Online publication date: Nov-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2021.3106488
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Toward practical real-time photon mapping: efficient GPU density estimation
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Computer graphics
    1. Image manipulation
      1. Texturing
    2. Rendering

Recommendations

Progressive photon mapping
SIGGRAPH Asia '08: ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers

This paper introduces a simple and robust progressive global illumination algorithm based on photon mapping. Progressive photon mapping is a multi-pass algorithm where the first pass is ray tracing followed by any number of photon tracing passes. Each ...
The beam radiance estimate for volumetric photon mapping
SIGGRAPH '08: ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 classes

We present a new method for efficiently simulating the scattering of light within participating media. Using a theoretical reformulation of volumetric photon mapping, we develop a novel photon gathering technique for participating media. Traditional ...
Simulating photon mapping for real-time applications
EGSR'04: Proceedings of the Fifteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques

This paper introduces a novel method for simulating photon mapping for real-time applications. First we introduce a new method for selectively redistributing photons. Then we describe a method for selectively updating the indirect illumination. The ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

I3D '13: Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games

March 2013

242 pages

ISBN:9781450319560

DOI:10.1145/2448196

Conference Chairs:
Gopi Meenakshisundaram
University of California, Irvine
,
Sung-Eui Yoon
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
,
Editor:
Stephen N. Spencer
University of Washington
,
General Chairs:
Marc Olano
University of Maryland, Baltimore County
,
Miguel A. Otaduy
URJC Madrid

Copyright © 2013 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

SIGGRAPH: ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 21 March 2013

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Conference

I3D '13

Sponsor:

SIGGRAPH

I3D '13: Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games

March 21 - 23, 2013

Florida, Orlando

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 148 of 485 submissions, 31%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

17
Total Citations
View Citations
521
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)15
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0

Reflects downloads up to 10 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Binder NFricke SKeller A(2022)Massively Parallel Path Space FilteringMonte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods10.1007/978-3-030-98319-2_7(149-168)Online publication date: 21-May-2022
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98319-2_7
Choi HMoon B(2021)Consistent Post‐Reconstruction for Progressive Photon MappingComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1440640:7(121-130)Online publication date: 27-Nov-2021
https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.14406
Shi XWang LWei XYan L(2021)Foveated Photon MappingIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2021.310648827:11(4183-4193)Online publication date: Nov-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2021.3106488
Yang FWunsche BMacDonald B(2021)Real-time Caustics and Dispersion on Arbitrary Surfaces in GPU-Accelerated Ray Tracing2021 36th International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ)10.1109/IVCNZ54163.2021.9653346(1-6)Online publication date: 9-Dec-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/IVCNZ54163.2021.9653346
Kougianos GMoustakas K(2021)Large-scale ray traced water caustics in real-time using cascaded caustic mapsComputers and Graphics10.1016/j.cag.2021.06.00898:C(255-267)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.cag.2021.06.008
Roth TWeier MBauszat PHinkenjann ALi Y(2020)Hash-Based Hierarchical Caching and Layered Filtering for Interactive Previews in Global Illumination RenderingComputers10.3390/computers90100179:1(17)Online publication date: 4-Mar-2020
https://doi.org/10.3390/computers9010017
Jakob JGuthe M(2020) Optimizing LBVH‐Construction and Hierarchy‐Traversal to accelerate k NN Queries on Point Clouds using the GPU Computer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1417740:1(124-137)Online publication date: 28-Oct-2020
https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.14177
Magro MBugeja KSpina SDebattista K(2020)Cloud-Based Dynamic GI for Shared VR ExperiencesIEEE Computer Graphics and Applications10.1109/MCG.2020.300247440:5(10-25)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020
https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2020.3002474
Petrie FMills S(2020)Real Time Ray Tracing of Analytic and Implicit Surfaces2020 35th International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ)10.1109/IVCNZ51579.2020.9290653(1-6)Online publication date: 25-Nov-2020
https://doi.org/10.1109/IVCNZ51579.2020.9290653
Öztürk BAkyüz A(2020)Realistic Lighting for Interactive Applications Using Semi-Dynamic Light MapsThe Computer Games Journal10.1007/s40869-020-00116-29:4(421-452)Online publication date: 31-Oct-2020
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40869-020-00116-2
Show More Cited By

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents