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Towards a complexity theory for local distributed computing

Published: 28 October 2013 Publication History
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  • Abstract

    A central theme in distributed network algorithms concerns understanding and coping with the issue of locality. Yet despite considerable progress, research efforts in this direction have not yet resulted in a solid basis in the form of a fundamental computational complexity theory for locality. Inspired by sequential complexity theory, we focus on a complexity theory for distributed decision problems. In the context of locality, solving a decision problem requires the processors to independently inspect their local neighborhoods and then collectively decide whether a given global input instance belongs to some specified language.
    We consider the standard LOCAL model of computation and define LD(t) (for local decision) as the class of decision problems that can be solved in t communication rounds. We first study the intriguing question of whether randomization helps in local distributed computing, and to what extent. Specifically, we define the corresponding randomized class BPLD(t,p,q), containing all languages for which there exists a randomized algorithm that runs in t rounds, accepts correct instances with probability at least p, and rejects incorrect ones with probability at least q. We show that p2 + q = 1 is a threshold for the containment of LD(t) in BPLD(t,p,q). More precisely, we show that there exists a language that does not belong to LD(t) for any t=o(n) but does belong to BPLD(0,p,q) for any p,q ∈ (0,1) such that p2 + q ≤ 1. On the other hand, we show that, restricted to hereditary languages, BPLD(t,p,q)=LD(O(t)), for any function t, and any p, q ∈ (0,1) such that p2 + q > 1.
    In addition, we investigate the impact of nondeterminism on local decision, and establish several structural results inspired by classical computational complexity theory. Specifically, we show that nondeterminism does help, but that this help is limited, as there exist languages that cannot be decided locally nondeterministically. Perhaps surprisingly, it turns out that it is the combination of randomization with nondeterminism that enables to decide all languages in constant time. Finally, we introduce the notion of local reduction, and establish a couple of completeness results.

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    Yaser Miaji

    Background on the topic of distributed local computing is given in great detail in this paper. Most of the papers mentioned in the motivation section are recent and valuable in the area. Furthermore, some of the mathematical analysis in the first section reflects the authors' thorough coverage and understanding of the topic. Although I would like a more comprehensive analysis of the background (for example, the critiques of local distribution are not adequately justified), their framework is acceptable. The authors successfully illuminate their contributions. Moreover, the formulas they use highlight their work. As mentioned earlier, the related works section is very strong and relevant to the material covered by the paper. The flow of the presentation of the related works is smooth, and the authors comprehensively cover the literature critique and highlight the gaps. The summary of the decision issues and their complexity is subtle. No improvement is required, although some secondary issues are not mentioned. The elaboration of the computation is well organized and easy to understand. The authors are successful in their analytical and mathematical approaches, both in presenting previous work and in their new contributions. Finally, the results show a strong and complete study. Online Computing Reviews Service

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    Published In

    cover image Journal of the ACM
    Journal of the ACM  Volume 60, Issue 5
    October 2013
    245 pages
    ISSN:0004-5411
    EISSN:1557-735X
    DOI:10.1145/2528384
    Issue’s Table of Contents
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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    Publication History

    Published: 28 October 2013
    Accepted: 01 June 2013
    Revised: 01 May 2013
    Received: 01 March 2012
    Published in JACM Volume 60, Issue 5

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    Author Tags

    1. Local distributed algorithms
    2. local decision
    3. nondeterminism
    4. oracle
    5. randomized algorithms

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