short-paper

Public Access

Gaze guidance for improved password recollection

Authors:

Srinivas Sridharan,

Brendan John,

Darrel Pollard,

Reynold BaileyAuthors Info & Claims

ETRA '16: Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications

Pages 237 - 240

https://doi.org/10.1145/2857491.2857537

Published: 14 March 2016 Publication History

PDF eReader

Abstract

Most computer systems require user authentication, which has led to an increase in the number of passwords one has to remember. In this paper we explore if spatial visual cues can be used to improve password recollection. Specifically, we consider if associating each character in a password to user-defined spatial regions in an image facilitates better recollection. We conduct a user study where participants were asked to recall randomly generated numeric passwords under the following conditions: no image association (No-Image), image association (Image-Only), image association combined with overt visual cues (Overt-Guidance), and image association combined with subtle visual cues (Subtle-Guidance). We measured the accuracy of password recollection and response time as well as average dwell-time at target locations for the gaze guided conditions. Subjects performed significantly better on password recollection when they were actively guided to regions in the associated image using overt visual cues. Accuracy of password recollection using subtle cues was also higher than the No-Image and Image-Only conditions, but the effect was not significant. No significant difference was observed in the average dwell-times between the overt and subtle guidance approaches.

Supplementary Material

MP4 File (p237-sridharan.mp4)

Download
20.04 MB

References

[1]

Awh, E., Anllo-Vento, L., Hillyard, S., et al. 2000. The role of spatial selective attention in working memory for locations: evidence from event-related potentials. Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal of 12, 5, 840--847.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[2]

Bailey, R., McNamara, A., Sudarsanam, N., and Grimm, C. 2009. Subtle gaze direction. ACM Trans. Graph. 28, 4 (Sept.), 100:1--100:14.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[3]

Groen, M., and Noyes, J. 2010. Solving problems: How can guidance concerning task-relevancy be provided? Comput. Hum. Behav. 26 (November), 1318--1326.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[4]

Hutton, P. 1993. History as an Art of Memory. University of Vermont.

Google Scholar

[5]

Itti, L., and Koch, C. 2000. A saliency-based search mechanism for overt and covert shifts of visual attention. Vision Research 40, 10-12 (May), 1489--1506.

Crossref

Google Scholar

[6]

Judd, T., Durand, F., and Torralba, A. 2012. A benchmark of computational models of saliency to predict human fixations. In MIT Technical Report.

Google Scholar

[7]

Lu, W., Duh, H.-L., Feiner, S., and Zhao, Q. 2014. Attributes of subtle cues for facilitating visual search in augmented reality. Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on 20, 3 (March), 404--412.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[8]

McNamara, A., Bailey, R., and Grimm, C. 2009. Search task performance using subtle gaze direction with the presence of distractions. ACM Trans. Appl. Percept. 6 (Sept.), 17:1--17:19.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[9]

Miller, G. 1956. The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. The Psychological Review 63, 81--97.

Crossref

Google Scholar

[10]

Privitera, C. M. 2006. The scanpath theory: its definitions and later developments. In Electronic Imaging 2006, International Society for Optics and Photonics, 60570A--60570A.

Google Scholar

[11]

Qvarfordt, P., Biehl, J. T., Golovchinsky, G., and Dunningan, T. 2010. Understanding the benefits of gaze enhanced visual search. In Proceeding of 2010 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research & Applications, ACM, NY, USA, 283--290.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[12]

Sridharan, S., Bailey, R., McNamara, A., and Grimm, C. 2012. Subtle gaze manipulation for improved mammography training. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, ACM, NY, USA, ETRA '12, 75--82.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[13]

Veas, E. E., Mendez, E., Feiner, S. K., and Schmalstieg, D. 2011. Directing attention and influencing memory with visual saliency modulation. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, NY, USA, CHI '11, 1471--1480.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[14]

Wolfe, J. M. 1994. Guided search 2.0 a revised model of visual search. Psychonomic bulletin & review 1, 2, 202--238.

Google Scholar

Cited By

View all

Khamis MMarky KBulling AAlt F(2022)User-centred multimodal authentication: securing handheld mobile devices using gaze and touch inputBehaviour & Information Technology10.1080/0144929X.2022.206959741:10(2061-2083)Online publication date: 6-May-2022
https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2022.2069597
Sapkota SRam AZhao S(2021)Ubiquitous Interactions for Heads-Up Computing: Understanding Users’ Preferences for Subtle Interaction Techniques in Everyday SettingsProceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/3447526.3472035(1-15)Online publication date: 27-Sep-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3447526.3472035
Pohl HMuresan AHornbæk KBrewster SFitzpatrick GCox AKostakos V(2019)Charting Subtle Interaction in the HCI LiteratureProceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3290605.3300648(1-15)Online publication date: 2-May-2019
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3290605.3300648
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Gaze guidance for improved password recollection
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Computer graphics
    1. Image manipulation
2. Security and privacy
  1. Security services
    1. Authentication
      1. Graphical / visual passwords

Recommendations

Automatic target prediction and subtle gaze guidance for improved spatial information recall
SAP '15: Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Applied Perception

Humans rely heavily on spatial information to perform everyday tasks. Developing good spatial understanding is highly dependent on how the viewer's attention is deployed to specific locations in a scene. Bailey et al. [2009] showed that it is possible ...
Material-specific neural correlates of recollection: Objects, words, and faces

It is unclear how neural correlates of episodic memory retrieval differ depending on the type of material that is retrieved. Here, we used a source memory task to compare electrical brain activity for the recollection of three types of stimulus ...
The neural basis of recollection rejection: Increases in hippocampal-prefrontal connectivity in the absence of a shared recall-to-reject and target recollection network

Recollection rejection or "recall-to-reject" is a mechanism that has been posited to help maintain accurate memory by preventing the occurrence of false memories. Recollection rejection occurs when the presentation of a new item during recognition ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

ETRA '16: Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications

March 2016

378 pages

ISBN:9781450341257

DOI:10.1145/2857491

Conference Chairs:
Pernilla Qvarfordt
FX Palo Alto Laboratory
,
Dan Witzner Hansen
IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 14 March 2016

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Short-paper

Funding Sources

National Science Foundation

Conference

ETRA '16

Sponsor:

ETRA '16: 2016 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

March 14 - 17, 2016

South Carolina, Charleston

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 51 of 97 submissions, 53%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

5
Total Citations
View Citations
388
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)60
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)8

Reflects downloads up to 30 Aug 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all

Khamis MMarky KBulling AAlt F(2022)User-centred multimodal authentication: securing handheld mobile devices using gaze and touch inputBehaviour & Information Technology10.1080/0144929X.2022.206959741:10(2061-2083)Online publication date: 6-May-2022
https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2022.2069597
Sapkota SRam AZhao S(2021)Ubiquitous Interactions for Heads-Up Computing: Understanding Users’ Preferences for Subtle Interaction Techniques in Everyday SettingsProceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/3447526.3472035(1-15)Online publication date: 27-Sep-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3447526.3472035
Pohl HMuresan AHornbæk KBrewster SFitzpatrick GCox AKostakos V(2019)Charting Subtle Interaction in the HCI LiteratureProceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3290605.3300648(1-15)Online publication date: 2-May-2019
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3290605.3300648
Roy DPal R(2018)Enhancing Saliency of a Target Object Through Color Modification of Every Object Using Genetic AlgorithmSoft Computing for Problem Solving10.1007/978-981-13-1595-4_61(771-779)Online publication date: 31-Oct-2018
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1595-4_61
Pal RRoy D(2017)Enhancing Saliency of an Object Using Genetic Algorithm2017 14th Conference on Computer and Robot Vision (CRV)10.1109/CRV.2017.33(337-344)Online publication date: May-2017
https://doi.org/10.1109/CRV.2017.33

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Cited By

Index Terms

Recommendations

Automatic target prediction and subtle gaze guidance for improved spatial information recall

Material-specific neural correlates of recollection: Objects, words, and faces

The neural basis of recollection rejection: Increases in hippocampal-prefrontal connectivity in the absence of a shared recall-to-reject and target recollection network

Comments

Published In

Sponsors

Publisher

Publication History

Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Funding Sources

Conference

Acceptance Rates

Other Metrics

Article Metrics

Other Metrics

Cited By

PDF

eReader

Login options

Full Access

Abstract

Supplementary Material

References

Cited By

Index Terms

Recommendations

Automatic target prediction and subtle gaze guidance for improved spatial information recall

Material-specific neural correlates of recollection: Objects, words, and faces

The neural basis of recollection rejection: Increases in hippocampal-prefrontal connectivity in the absence of a shared recall-to-reject and target recollection network

Comments

Information

Published In

Sponsors

Publisher

Publication History

Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Funding Sources

Conference

Acceptance Rates

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View options

PDF

eReader

Get Access

Login options

Full Access

Figures

Other

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media

Affiliations