research-article

Public Access

Ivory: Early-Stage Design Space Exploration Tool for Integrated Voltage Regulators

Authors:

Vijay Janapa Reddi,

Xuan ZhangAuthors Info & Claims

DAC '17: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Design Automation Conference 2017

Article No.: 1, Pages 1 - 6

https://doi.org/10.1145/3061639.3062268

Published: 18 June 2017 Publication History

Abstract

Despite being employed in burgeoning efforts to improve power delivery efficiency, integrated voltage regulators (IVRs) have yet to be evaluated in a rigorous, systematic, or quantitative manner. To fulfill this need, we present Ivory, a high-level design space exploration tool capable of providing accurate conversion efficiency, static performance characteristics, and dynamic transient responses of an IVR-enabled power delivery subsystem (PDS), enabling rapid trade-off exploration at early design stage, approximately 1000x faster than SPICE simulation. We demonstrate and validate Ivory with a wide spectrum of IVR topologies. In addition, we present a case study using Ivory to reveal the optimal PDS configurations, with underlying power break-downs and area overheads for the GPU manycore architecture, which has yet to embrace IVRs.

References

[1]

Hadi Esmaeilzadeh et al. Dark silicon and the end of multicore scaling. In ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News, volume 39, pages 365--376. ACM, 2011.

Digital Library

[2]

Wonyoung Kim et al. System level analysis of fast, per-core dvfs using on-chip switching regulators. In High Performance Computer Architecture, 2008. HPCA 2008. IEEE 14th International Symposium on, pages 123--134. IEEE, 2008.

[3]

Pingqiang Zhou et al. Exploration of on-chip switched-capacitor dc-dc converter for multicore processors using a distributed power delivery network. In Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), 2011 IEEE, pages 1--4. IEEE, 2011.

[4]

Tao Tong et al. A fully integrated battery-connected switched-capacitor 4: 1 voltage regulator with 70% peak efficiency using bottom-plate charge recycling. In Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), 2013 IEEE, pages 1--4. IEEE, 2013.

[5]

Leland Chang et al. A fully-integrated switched-capacitor 2:1 voltage converter with regulation capability and 90% efficiency at 2.3 a/mm 2. In VLSI Circuits (VLSIC), 2010 IEEE Symposium on, pages 55--56. IEEE, 2010.

[6]

Hamid Reza Ghasemi et al. Cost-effective power delivery to support per-core voltage domains for power-constrained processors. In Proceedings of the 49th Annual Design Automation Conference, pages 56--61. ACM, 2012.

Digital Library

[7]

Ulya R Karpuzcu et al. Energysmart: Toward energy-efficient manycores for near-threshold computing. In High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA2013), 2013 IEEE 19th International Symposium on, pages 542--553. IEEE, 2013.

Digital Library

[8]

Guihai Yan et al. Agileregulator: A hybrid voltage regulator scheme redeeming dark silicon for power efficiency in a multicore architecture. In High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA), 2012 IEEE 18th International Symposium on, pages 1--12. IEEE, 2012.

Digital Library

[9]

Steven JE Wilton et al. Cacti: An enhanced cache access and cycle time model. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 31(5):677--688, 1996.

[10]

Hang-Sheng Wang et al. Orion: a power-performance simulator for interconnection networks. In Microarchitecture, 2002.(MICRO-35). Proceedings. 35th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on, pages 294--305. IEEE, 2002.

Digital Library

[11]

Donald S Gardner et al. Review of on-chip inductor structures with magnetic films. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 45(10):4760--4766, 2009.

[12]

Wonyoung Kim et al. A fully-integrated 3-level dc-dc converter for nanosecond-scale dvfs. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 47(1):206--219, 2012.

[13]

Noah Sturcken et al. A 2.5 d integrated voltage regulator using coupled-magnetic-core inductors on silicon interposer. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 48(1):244--254, 2013.

[14]

Hanh-Phuc Le et al. Design techniques for fully integrated switched-capacitor dc-dc converters. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 46(9):2120--2131, 2011.

[15]

Yongseok Choi et al. Dc--dc converter-aware power management for low-power embedded systems. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 26(8):1367--1381, 2007.

Digital Library

[16]

Michael D Seeman. Analytical et al. Technical report, DTIC Document, 2006.

[17]

Saurabh Sinha et al. Exploring sub-20nm finfet design with predictive technology models. In Proceedings of the 49th Annual Design Automation Conference, pages 283--288. ACM, 2012.

Digital Library

[18]

Mohammad Al-Shyoukh et al. A transient-enhanced low-quiescent current low-dropout regulator with buffer impedance attenuation. IEEE journal of solid-state circuits, 42(8):1732--1742, 2007.

[19]

Zhiyu Zeng et al. Tradeoff analysis and optimization of power delivery networks with on-chip voltage regulation. In Proceedings of the 47th Design Automation Conference, pages 831--836. ACM, 2010.

Digital Library

[20]

Jingwen Leng et al. Gpuvolt: Modeling and characterizing voltage noise in gpu architectures. In Proceedings of the 2014 international symposium on Low power electronics and design, pages 141--146. ACM, 2014.

Digital Library

[21]

Edward A Burton et al. Fivr-fully integrated voltage regulators on 4th generation intel® core™ socs. In Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2014 Twenty-Ninth Annual IEEE, pages 432--439. IEEE, 2014.

[22]

Jingwen Leng et al. Gpuwattch: enabling energy optimizations in gpgpus. volume 41, pages 487--498. ACM, 2013.

Digital Library

[23]

Jingwen Leng et al. Safe limits on voltage reduction efficiency in gpus: a direct measurement approach. In Proceedings of the 48th International Symposium on Microarchitecture, pages 294--307. ACM, 2015.

Digital Library

Cited By

Zhu HGuo XJin YZhang X(2024)PowerScout: Security-Oriented Power Delivery Network Modeling for Side-Channel Vulnerability AnalysisIEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing10.1109/TETC.2023.325782612:2(532-545)Online publication date: Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TETC.2023.3257826
Zou AMa YGarimella KLee BGill CZhang X(2023)F-LEMMA: Fast Learning-Based Energy Management for Multi-/Many-Core ProcessorsIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2022.317621942:2(616-629)Online publication date: Feb-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2022.3176219
Zhu HCao WZhang X(2023)PDNSig: Identifying Multi-Tenant Cloud FPGAs with Power Distribution Network-Based Signatures2023 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)10.1109/ICCAD57390.2023.10323545(1-8)Online publication date: 28-Oct-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD57390.2023.10323545
Show More Cited By

Recommendations

A High Gain and Low Flicker Noise CMOS Mixer with Low Flicker Noise Corner Frequency Using Tunable Differential Active Inductor

This paper presents the design of a high conversion gain and low flicker noise down conversion CMOS double balanced Gilbert cell mixer using $$0.18\,\upmu \hbox {m}$$ 0.18 μ m CMOS technology. The high conversion gain and low flicker noise mixer is implemented by using a differential ...
A differential switched-capacitor amplifier with programmable gain and output offset voltage
SBCCI '06: Proceedings of the 19th annual symposium on Integrated circuits and systems design

The design of a low-power differential Switched-Capacitor (SC) amplifier for processing a fully-differential input signal coming from a pressure sensor interface is reported. The circuit is intended to amplify the input signal, convert it to single ...
Inverter-based low-noise, 150 µW single-ended to differential SC-VGAs for second harmonic cardiac ultrasound imaging probes

This paper presents two inverter-based low-noise, low-power, single-ended to differential switched-capacitor variable gain amplifiers (SC-VGAs) for 2---6-MHz second harmonic cardiac ultrasound imaging probes fabricated with 0.18 µm complementary metal---...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

DAC '17: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Design Automation Conference 2017

June 2017

533 pages

ISBN:9781450349277

DOI:10.1145/3061639

Copyright © 2017 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

EDAC: Electronic Design Automation Consortium
SIGDA: ACM Special Interest Group on Design Automation
IEEE-CEDA

In-Cooperation

SIGBED: ACM Special Interest Group on Embedded Systems

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 18 June 2017

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Qualifiers

Research-article
Research
Refereed limited

Funding Sources

Conference

DAC '17

Sponsor:

EDAC
SIGDA

DAC '17: The 54th Annual Design Automation Conference 2017

June 18 - 22, 2017

TX, Austin, USA

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 1,770 of 5,499 submissions, 32%

Upcoming Conference

DAC '25

Sponsor:
sigda

62nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference

June 22 - 26, 2025

San Francisco , CA , USA

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

17
Total Citations
View Citations
941
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)150
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)27

Reflects downloads up to 20 Feb 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Zhu HGuo XJin YZhang X(2024)PowerScout: Security-Oriented Power Delivery Network Modeling for Side-Channel Vulnerability AnalysisIEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing10.1109/TETC.2023.325782612:2(532-545)Online publication date: Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TETC.2023.3257826
Zou AMa YGarimella KLee BGill CZhang X(2023)F-LEMMA: Fast Learning-Based Energy Management for Multi-/Many-Core ProcessorsIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2022.317621942:2(616-629)Online publication date: Feb-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2022.3176219
Zhu HCao WZhang X(2023)PDNSig: Identifying Multi-Tenant Cloud FPGAs with Power Distribution Network-Based Signatures2023 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)10.1109/ICCAD57390.2023.10323545(1-8)Online publication date: 28-Oct-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAD57390.2023.10323545
Zou AZhu HLeng JHe XReddi VGill CZhang X(2021)System-level Early-stage Modeling and Evaluation of IVR-assisted Processor Power Delivery SystemACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization10.1145/346814518:4(1-27)Online publication date: 3-Sep-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3468145
Leng JBuyuktosunoglu ABertran RBose PZu YReddi V(2021)Predictive Guardbanding: Program-Driven Timing Margin Reduction for GPUsIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2020.299268440:1(171-184)Online publication date: Jan-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2020.2992684
Ha MByun YMoon SLee YLee S(2021)Layerwise Buffer Voltage Scaling for Energy-Efficient Convolutional Neural NetworkIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2020.299252740:1(1-10)Online publication date: Jan-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2020.2992527
Zou AGarimella KLee BGill CZhang XSchlichtmann UGal RAmrouch HLi H(2020)F-LEMMAProceedings of the 2020 ACM/IEEE Workshop on Machine Learning for CAD10.1145/3380446.3430630(43-48)Online publication date: 16-Nov-2020
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3380446.3430630
Papadimitriou GChatzidimitriou AGizopoulos DReddi VLeng JSalami BUnsal OKestelman A(2020)Exceeding Conservative Limits: A Consolidated Analysis on Modern Hardware MarginsIEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability10.1109/TDMR.2020.298981320:2(341-350)Online publication date: Jun-2020
https://doi.org/10.1109/TDMR.2020.2989813
Zou ALeng JHe XZu YGill CReddi VZhang X(2020)Voltage-Stacked Power Delivery Systems: Reliability, Efficiency, and Power ManagementIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2020.296960739:12(5142-5155)Online publication date: Dec-2020
https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2020.2969607
Cao WHe XChakrabarti AZhang X(2020)NeuADC: Neural Network-Inspired Synthesizable Analog-to-Digital ConversionIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2019.292539139:9(1841-1854)Online publication date: Sep-2020
https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2019.2925391
Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

Figures

Tables

Media

View Table of Conten