Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
research-article

The Design and Evolution of Disney’s Hyperion Renderer

Published: 27 July 2018 Publication History

Abstract

Walt Disney Animation Studios has transitioned to path-traced global illumination as part of a progression of brute-force physically based rendering in the name of artist efficiency. To achieve this without compromising our geometric or shading complexity, we built our Hyperion renderer based on a novel architecture that extracts traversal and shading coherence from large, sorted ray batches. In this article, we describe our architecture and discuss our design decisions. We also explain how we are able to provide artistic control in a physically based renderer, and we demonstrate through case studies how we have benefited from having a proprietary renderer that can evolve with production needs.

References

[1]
John Amanatides. 1984. Ray tracing with cones. Computer Graphics (Proc. of SIGGRAPH) 18, 3 (Jan. 1984), 129--135.
[2]
Rasmus Barringer and Tomas Akenine-Möller. 2014. Dynamic ray stream traversal. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. of SIGGRAPH) 33, 4 (July 2014), 151:1--151:10.
[3]
Carsten Benthin, Sven Woop, Ingo Wald, and Attila T. Áfra. 2017. Improved two-level BVHs using partial re-braiding. In Proc. of HPG. 7:1--7:8.
[4]
Brent Burley. 2012. Physically based shading at Disney. SIGGRAPH 2012 Course Notes: Practical Physically-Based Shading in Film and Game Production.
[5]
Brent Burley. 2015. Extending Disney’s physically based BRDF with integrated subsurface scattering. SIGGRAPH 2015 Course Notes: Physically Based Shading in Theory and Practice.
[6]
Brent Burley and Dylan Lacewell. 2008. Ptex: Per-face texture mapping for production rendering. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. of Eurographics Symposium on Rendering) 27, 4 (June 2008), 1155--1164.
[7]
Matt Jen-Yuan Chiang, Benedikt Bitterli, Chuck Tappan, and Brent Burley. 2016a. A practical and controllable hair and fur model for production path tracing. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. of Eurographics) 35, 2 (May 2016), 275--283.
[8]
Matt Jen-Yuan Chiang, Peter Kutz, and Brent Burley. 2016b. Practical and controllable subsurface scattering for production path tracing. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2016 Talks. 49:1--49:2.
[9]
Per H. Christensen. 2010. Point-based global illumination for movie production. SIGGRAPH 2010 Course Notes: Global Illumination Across Industries.
[10]
Robert L. Cook, Loren Carpenter, and Edwin Catmull. 1987. The Reyes image rendering architecture. Computer Graphics (Proc. of SIGGRAPH) 21, 4 (July 1987), 95--102.
[11]
Christopher DeCoro, Tim Weyrich, and Szymon Rusinkiewicz. 2010. Density-based outlier rejection in Monte Carlo rendering. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. Pacific Graphics) 29, 7 (Sept. 2010).
[12]
Eugene d’Eon, Guillaume Francois, Martin Hill, Joe Letteri, and Jean-Marie Aubry. 2011. An energy-conserving hair reflectance model. In Proceedings of the 22nd Eurographics Conference on Rendering (EGSR’11). Eurographics Association, 1181--1187.
[13]
Kirill Dmitriev and Hans-Peter Seidel. 2004. Progressive path tracing with lightweight local error estimation. In Proceedings of Vision, Modeling, and Visualization.
[14]
Christian Eisenacher, Gregory Nichols, Andrew Selle, and Brent Burley. 2013. Sorted deferred shading for production path tracing. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. of Eurographics Symposium on Rendering) 32, 4 (June 2013), 125--132.
[15]
Manfred Ernst, Günther Greiner, and Marc Stamminger. 2006. Filter importance sampling. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Interactive Ray Tracing. IEEE Computer Society, 125--132.
[16]
Julian Fong, Magnus Wrenninge, Christopher Kulla, and Ralf Habel. 2017. Production volume rendering: SIGGRAPH 2017 course. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2017 Courses (SIGGRAPH’17). ACM, New York, Article 2, 79 pages.
[17]
Valentin Fuetterling, Carsten Lojewski, Franz-Josef Pfreundt, and Achim Ebert. 2015. Efficient ray tracing kernels for modern CPU architectures. Journal of Computer Graphics Techniques 4, 4 (Dec. 2015), 91--111.
[18]
M. Galtier, S. Blanco, C. Caliot, C. Coustet, J. Dauchet, M. El Hafi, V. Eymet, R. Fournier, J. Gautrais, A. Khuong, B. Piaud, and G. Terrée. 2013. Integral formulation of null-collision Monte Carlo algorithms. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 125 (April 2013), 57--68.
[19]
Jonathan Garcia, Sara Drakeley, Sean Palmer, Erin Ramos, David Hutchins, Ralf Habel, and Alexey Stomakhin. 2016. Rigging the oceans of Disney’s “Moana.” In SIGGRAPH ASIA 2016 Technical Briefs (SA’16). ACM, New York, Article 30, 4 pages.
[20]
Iliyan Georgiev, Jaroslav Křivánek, Stefan Popov, and Philipp Slusallek. 2012. Importance caching for complex illumination. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. of Eurographics) 31, 3 (May 2012), 701--710.
[21]
Paul S. Heckbert. 1990. Adaptive radiosity textures for bidirectional ray tracing. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. of SIGGRAPH) 24, 4 (Aug. 1990), 145--154.
[22]
Christophe Hery, Ryusuke Villemin, and Florian Hecht. 2016. Towards bidirectional path tracing at pixar. SIGGRAPH 2016 Course Notes: Physically Based Shading in Theory and Practice.
[23]
Illumination Engineering Society of North America. 1991. IES Standard File Format for Electronic Transfer of Photometric Data and Related Information.
[24]
Henrik Wann Jensen. 1996. Global illumination using photon maps. In Proceedings of Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques. 21--30.
[25]
Henrik Wann Jensen, Stephen R. Marschner, Marc Levoy, and Pat Hanrahan. 2001. A practical model for subsurface light transport. In Prococeedings of SIGGRAPH’01 (Annual Conference Series). ACM, New York, 511--518.
[26]
Anton S. Kaplanyan and Carsten Dachsbacher. 2013. Path space regularization for holistic and robust light transport. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. of Eurographics) 32, 2 (2013), 63--72.
[27]
C. Kulla and M. Fajardo. 2012. Importance sampling techniques for path tracing in participating media. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. of Eurographics Symposium on Rendering) 31, 4 (June 2012), 1519--1528.
[28]
Peter Kutz, Ralf Habel, Yining Karl Li, and Jan Novák. 2017. Spectral and decomposition tracking for rendering heterogeneous volumes. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2017) 36, 4 (2017).
[29]
Samuli Laine and Tero Karras. 2010. Efficient sparse voxel octrees. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games. ACM, New York, 55--63.
[30]
Mark Lee, Brian Green, Feng Xie, and Eric Tabellion. 2017. Vectorized production path tracing. In Proceedings of HPG. 10:1--10:11.
[31]
Tzu-Mao Li, Yu-Ting Wu, and Yung-Yu Chuang. 2012. SURE-based optimization for adaptive sampling and reconstruction. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. of SIGGRAPH Asia) 31, 6 (Nov. 2012), Article 194, 9 pages.
[32]
Jeffrey A. Mahovsky. 2005. Ray Tracing with Reduced-Precision Bounding Volume Hierarchies. Ph.D. dissertation. The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
[33]
Stephen R. Marschner, Henrik Wann Jensen, Mike Cammarano, Steve Worley, and Pat Hanrahan. 2003. Light scattering from human hair fibers. ACM Tranactions on Graphics 22, 3 (July 2003), 780--791.
[34]
Thomas Müller, Marios Papas, Markus Gross, Wojciech Jarosz, and Jan Novák. 2016. Efficient rendering of heterogeneous polydisperse granular media. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. of SIGGRAPH Asia) 35, 6 (Nov. 2016), 168:1--168:14.
[35]
Koji Nakamaru and Yoshio Ohno. 2002. Ray tracing for curves primitive. Journal of WSCG 10 (2002), 311--316.
[36]
Hubert Nguyen. 2007. Gpu Gems 3, Ch. 20 (1st ed.). Addison-Wesley Professional.
[37]
Jan Novák, Andrew Selle, and Wojciech Jarosz. 2014. Residual ratio tracking for estimating attenuation in participating media. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. of SIGGRAPH Asia) 33, 6 (Nov. 2014), 179:1--179:11.
[38]
Sean Palmer, Jonathan Garcia, Patrick Kelly, and Ralf Habel. 2017. The ocean and water pipeline of Disney’s “Moana.” In ACM SIGGRAPH 2017 Talks.
[39]
Fabrice Rousselle, Claude Knaus, and Matthias Zwicker. 2012. Adaptive rendering with non-local means filtering. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. of SIGGRAPH Asia) 31, 6 (Nov. 2012), 195:1--195:11.
[40]
Fabrice Rousselle, Marco Manzi, and Matthias Zwicker. 2013. Robust denoising using feature and color information. Computer Graphics Forum (Proc. of Pacific Graphics) 32, 7 (2013), 121--130.
[41]
Andy Selle, Janet Berlin, and Brent Burley. 2011. SeExpr. Retrieved May 22, 2018 from https://www.disneyanimation.com/technology/seexpr.html.
[42]
Peter Shirley, Changyaw Wang, and Kurt Zimmerman. 1996. Monte Carlo techniques for direct lighting calculations. ACM Transactions on Graphics 15, 1 (Jan. 1996), 1--36.
[43]
H. C. van de Hulst. 1974. The spherical albedo of a planet covered with a homogeneous cloud layer. Astronomy and Astrophysics 35 (Oct. 1974), 209--214.
[44]
Eric Veach. 1997. Robust Monte Carlo Methods for Light Transport Simulation. Ph.D. dissertation. Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
[45]
Michael D. Vose. 1991. A linear algorithm for generating random numbers with a given distribution. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 17, 9 (Sept. 1991), 972--975.
[46]
Sven Woop, Carsten Benthin, Ingo Wald, Gregory S. Johnson, and Eric Tabellion. 2014. Exploiting local orientation similarity for efficient ray traversal of hair and fur. In Proceedings of HPG. 41--49.
[47]
Sung-Eui Yoon, Christian Lauterbach, and Dinesh Manocha. 2006. R-LODs: Fast LOD-based ray tracing of massive models. Visual Computer 22, 9 (Sept. 2006), 772--784.
[48]
Yonghao Yue, Kei Iwasaki, Bing-Yu Chen, Yoshinori Dobashi, and Tomoyuki Nishita. 2011. Toward optimal space partitioning for unbiased, adaptive free path sampling of inhomogeneous participating media. Computer Graphics Forum 30, 7 (2011), 1911--1919.
[49]
Arno Zinke, Cem Yuksel, Andreas Weber, and John Keyser. 2008. Dual scattering approximation for fast multiple scattering in hair. ACM Transactions on Graphics 27, 3 (Aug. 2008), Article 32, 10 pages.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Cache Points for Production-Scale Occlusion-Aware Many-Lights Sampling and Volumetric ScatteringProceedings of the 2024 Digital Production Symposium10.1145/3665320.3670993(1-19)Online publication date: 24-Jul-2024
  • (2024)A Pipeline for Effective and Extensible StylizationACM SIGGRAPH 2024 Talks10.1145/3641233.3664336(1-2)Online publication date: 18-Jul-2024
  • (2024)Neural Denoising for Deep‐Z Monte Carlo RenderingsComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1505043:2Online publication date: 15-May-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. The Design and Evolution of Disney’s Hyperion Renderer

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Transactions on Graphics
    ACM Transactions on Graphics  Volume 37, Issue 3
    Special Issue On Production Rendering and Regular Papers
    June 2018
    198 pages
    ISSN:0730-0301
    EISSN:1557-7368
    DOI:10.1145/3243123
    Issue’s Table of Contents
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 27 July 2018
    Accepted: 01 January 2018
    Received: 01 November 2017
    Published in TOG Volume 37, Issue 3

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. Production rendering
    2. path tracing
    3. physically based rendering

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article
    • Research
    • Refereed

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)108
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)10
    Reflects downloads up to 03 Sep 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Cache Points for Production-Scale Occlusion-Aware Many-Lights Sampling and Volumetric ScatteringProceedings of the 2024 Digital Production Symposium10.1145/3665320.3670993(1-19)Online publication date: 24-Jul-2024
    • (2024)A Pipeline for Effective and Extensible StylizationACM SIGGRAPH 2024 Talks10.1145/3641233.3664336(1-2)Online publication date: 18-Jul-2024
    • (2024)Neural Denoising for Deep‐Z Monte Carlo RenderingsComputer Graphics Forum10.1111/cgf.1505043:2Online publication date: 15-May-2024
    • (2024)Enabling High-Performance Physical Based Rendering on New Sunway Supercomputer2024 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS)10.1109/IPDPS57955.2024.00032(277-288)Online publication date: 27-May-2024
    • (2024)Unifying radiative transfer models in computer graphics and remote sensing, Part I: A surveyJournal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer10.1016/j.jqsrt.2023.108847314(108847)Online publication date: Feb-2024
    • (2023)Nonlinear Ray Tracing for Displacement and Shell MappingSIGGRAPH Asia 2023 Conference Papers10.1145/3610548.3618199(1-10)Online publication date: 10-Dec-2023
    • (2023)Input-Dependent Uncorrelated Weighting for Monte Carlo DenoisingSIGGRAPH Asia 2023 Conference Papers10.1145/3610548.3618177(1-10)Online publication date: 10-Dec-2023
    • (2023)Progressive null-tracking for volumetric renderingACM SIGGRAPH 2023 Conference Proceedings10.1145/3588432.3591557(1-10)Online publication date: 23-Jul-2023
    • (2023)Denoising-Aware Adaptive Sampling for Monte Carlo Ray TracingACM SIGGRAPH 2023 Conference Proceedings10.1145/3588432.3591537(1-11)Online publication date: 23-Jul-2023
    • (2023)Sum-of-Squares Collision Detection for Curved Shapes and PathsACM SIGGRAPH 2023 Conference Proceedings10.1145/3588432.3591507(1-11)Online publication date: 23-Jul-2023
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    Get Access

    Login options

    Full Access

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    HTML Format

    View this article in HTML Format.

    HTML Format

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media