Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
10.1145/3343036.3343123acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagessapConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Measurements of contrast sensitivity for peripheral vision

Published: 19 September 2019 Publication History

Abstract

Contrast detection thresholds were measured for the eccentricities from 0° to 27° and a range of stimuli frequencies from 0.125cpd to 16cpd. The measurements were motivated by the need to collect visual performance data for the gaze-contingent rendering system. For this application, the mixed chromatic and achromatic stimuli are even more important than purely chromatic cases. Therefore, the detection of sine-gratings with Gaussian patches was measured for four mixed chromatic/achromatic with a varying share of the achromatic components. To verify that our experimental setup generates the results consistent with the previous work, we also measured the contrast thresholds for achromatic (black to white) stimulus. Five observers participated in the experiments and they individually determined the detection threshold for each stimulus using the QUEST method. The results plotted as the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) follow the state-of-the-art CSF models. However, we report lower sensitivity to contrast for achromatic stimuli caused by the small size of the stimulus. The color directions closer to the chromatic green-to-red axis show higher contrast sensitivity in comparison to achromatic stimuli, while for the yellow-to-blue axis the sensitivity is lower. The higher achromatic component in the mixed stimuli approaches contrast sensitivity to the achromatic CSF.

References

[1]
Stephen J Anderson, Kathy T Mullen, and Robert F Hess. 1991. Human peripheral spatial resolution for achromatic and chromatic stimuli: limits imposed by optical and retinal factors. The Journal of Physiology 442, 1 (1991), 47–64.
[2]
Martin S Banks, Allison B Sekuler, and Stephen J Anderson. 1991. Peripheral spatial vision: Limits imposed by optics, photoreceptors, and receptor pooling. JOSA A 8, 11 (1991), 1775–1787.
[3]
Peter GJ Barten. 1999. Contrast sensitivity of the human eye and its effects on image quality. Vol. 21. Spie optical engineering press Bellingham, WA.
[4]
Robert M Boynton and Naotake Kambe. 1980. Chromatic difference steps of moderate size measured along theoretically critical axes. Color Research & Application 5, 1 (1980), 13–23.
[5]
David H Brainard. 1997. The psychophysics toolbox. Spatial vision 10(1997), 433–436.
[6]
Mark W Cannon. 1985. Perceived contrast in the fovea and periphery. JOSA A 2, 10 (1985), 1760–1768.
[7]
Michał Chwesiuk and Radosław Mantiuk. 2016. Acceptable System Latency for Gaze-Dependent Level of Detail Rendering. In EG 2016 - Posters, Luis Gonzaga Magalhaes and Rafal Mantiuk (Eds.). The Eurographics Association.
[8]
Michał Chwesiuk and Radosław Mantiuk. 2017. Measurements of contrast detection thresholds for peripheral vision using non-flashing stimuli. In International Conference on Intelligent Decision Technologies. Springer, 258–267.
[9]
Gyorgy Denes, George Ash, and Rafał K. Mantiuk. 2019. Towards a spatio-chromatic standard observer for detection. In Human Vision and Electronic Imaging. International Society for Optics and Photonics.
[10]
MA Díez-Ajenjo, P Capilla, and MJ Luque. 2011. Red-green vs. blue-yellow spatio-temporal contrast sensitivity across the visual field. Journal of Modern Optics 58, 19-20 (2011), 1736–1748.
[11]
James Gordon and Israel Abramov. 1977. Color vision in the peripheral retina II Hue and saturation. Journal of the Optical Society of America 67 (03 1977), 202–7.
[12]
Thorsten Hansen, Lars Pracejus, and Karl R Gegenfurtner. 2009. Color perception in the intermediate periphery of the visual field. Journal of Vision 9, 4 (2009), 26–26.
[13]
R Hilz and CR Cavonius. 1974. Functional organization of the peripheral retina: Sensitivity to periodic stimuli. Vision Research 14, 12 (1974), 1333–1337.
[14]
Kil Joong Kim, Rafal Mantiuk, and Kyoung Ho Lee. 2013. Measurements of achromatic and chromatic contrast sensitivity functions for an extended range of adaptation luminance. In IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 86511A–86511A.
[15]
Rafal Mantiuk, Anna M. Tomaszewska, and Radoslaw Mantiuk. 2012. Comparison of Four Subjective Methods for Image Quality Assessment.Comput. Graph. Forum 31, 8 (2012), 2478–2491.
[16]
Kathy Mullen. 1985. The contrast sensitivity of human color vision to red-green and blue-yellow chromatic gratings. The Journal of physiology 359 (03 1985), 381–400.
[17]
KT Mullen. 1991. Colour vision as a post-receptoral specialization of the central visual field. Vision research 31, 1 (1991), 119–130.
[18]
Kathy T Mullen and Frederick A.A. Kingdom. 2002. Differential distributions of red–green and blue–yellow cone opponency across the visual field. Visual neuroscience 19, 1 (2002), 109–118.
[19]
Kathy T Mullen, Masato Sakurai, and William Chu. 2005. Does L/M cone opponency disappear in human periphery?Perception 34, 8 (2005), 951–959.
[20]
Allen L Nagy and Jeffrey A Doyal. 1993. Red-green color discrimination as a function of stimulus field size in peripheral vision. JOSA A 10, 6 (1993), 1147–1156.
[21]
Allen L Nagy and Steven Wolf. 1993. Red-green color discrimination in peripheral vision. Vision research 33, 2 (1993), 235–242.
[22]
Jessica R Newton and Rhea T Eskew. 2003. Chromatic detection and discrimination in the periphery: A postreceptoral loss of color sensitivity. Visual neuroscience 20, 5 (2003), 511–521.
[23]
Cornelis Noorlander, Jan J. Koenderink, R J den Ouden, and B Wigbold Edens. 1983. Sensitivity to spatio-temporal color contrast in the peripheral visual field. Vision research 23 (02 1983), 1–11.
[24]
Eli Peli, Jian Yang, and Robert B Goldstein. 1991. Image invariance with changes in size: The role of peripheral contrast thresholds. JOSA A 8, 11 (1991), 1762–1774.
[25]
Denis G Pelli and Peter Bex. 2013. Measuring contrast sensitivity. Vision research 90(2013), 10–14.
[26]
JS Pointer and RF Hess. 1989. The contrast sensitivity gradient across the human visual field: With emphasis on the low spatial frequency range. Vision research 29, 9 (1989), 1133–1151.
[27]
JG Robson and Norma Graham. 1981. Probability summation and regional variation in contrast sensitivity across the visual field. Vision research 21, 3 (1981), 409–418.
[28]
Adam Siekawa, Michał Chwesiuk, Radosław Mantiuk, and Rafał Piórkowski. 2019. Foveated Ray Tracing for VR Headsets. In MultiMedia Modeling, Ioannis Kompatsiaris, Benoit Huet, Vasileios Mezaris, Cathal Gurrin, Wen-Huang Cheng, and Stefanos Vrochidis (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 106–117.
[29]
James P Thomas. 1987. Effect of eccentricity on the relationship between detection and identification. JOSA A 4, 8 (1987), 1599–1605.
[30]
Okan Tarhan Tursun, Elena Arabadzhiyska, Marek Wernikowski, Radosław Mantiuk, Hans-Peter Seidel, Karol Myszkowski, and Piotr Didyk. 2019. Luminance-Contrast-Aware Foveated Rendering. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proc. of SIGGRAPH19) (2019).
[31]
John E Vanston and Michael A Crognale. 2018. Effects of eccentricity on color contrast. JOSA A 35, 4 (2018), B122–B129.
[32]
Andrew B Watson. 2000. Visual detection of spatial contrast patterns: Evaluation of five simple models.Optics Express 6, 1 (2000), 12–33.
[33]
Andrew B Watson and Denis G Pelli. 1983. QUEST: A Bayesian adaptive psychometric method. Perception & psychophysics 33, 2 (1983), 113–120.
[34]
Sophie M Wuerger, Andrew B Watson, and Albert J Ahumada. 2002. Towards a spatio-chromatic standard observer for detection. In Human Vision and Electronic Imaging VII, Vol. 4662. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 159–173.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Exploiting Change Blindness to Reduce Bitrate and Display Luminance in Video Streaming2024 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)10.1109/ICIP51287.2024.10648096(3661-3666)Online publication date: 27-Oct-2024
  • (2024) 51‐1: Invited Paper: Foveated Image Compression and Transmission for Virtual‐Reality Headsets SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers10.1002/sdtp.1761955:1(693-696)Online publication date: 30-Jul-2024
  • (2023)Peripheral spatial contrast sensitivity of the eyesRussian Pediatric Ophthalmology10.17816/rpoj13865818:1(21-27)Online publication date: 5-May-2023
  • Show More Cited By
  1. Measurements of contrast sensitivity for peripheral vision

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    SAP '19: ACM Symposium on Applied Perception 2019
    September 2019
    188 pages
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 19 September 2019

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. contrast detection thresholds
    2. contrast sensitivity function
    3. eye tracking
    4. gaze-contingent display
    5. gaze-dependent contrast thresholds
    6. gaze-dependent rendering
    7. psychophysical experiments

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article
    • Research
    • Refereed limited

    Conference

    SAP '19
    SAP '19: ACM Symposium on Applied Perception 2019
    September 19 - 20, 2019
    Barcelona, Spain

    Acceptance Rates

    Overall Acceptance Rate 43 of 94 submissions, 46%

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)36
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
    Reflects downloads up to 24 Jan 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Exploiting Change Blindness to Reduce Bitrate and Display Luminance in Video Streaming2024 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)10.1109/ICIP51287.2024.10648096(3661-3666)Online publication date: 27-Oct-2024
    • (2024) 51‐1: Invited Paper: Foveated Image Compression and Transmission for Virtual‐Reality Headsets SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers10.1002/sdtp.1761955:1(693-696)Online publication date: 30-Jul-2024
    • (2023)Peripheral spatial contrast sensitivity of the eyesRussian Pediatric Ophthalmology10.17816/rpoj13865818:1(21-27)Online publication date: 5-May-2023
    • (2023)Learning GAN-Based Foveated Reconstruction to Recover Perceptually Important Image FeaturesACM Transactions on Applied Perception10.1145/358307220:2(1-23)Online publication date: 21-Apr-2023
    • (2023)Foveated rendering: A state-of-the-art surveyComputational Visual Media10.1007/s41095-022-0306-49:2(195-228)Online publication date: 3-Jan-2023
    • (2022)Parameters of Optokinetic Nystagmus Are Influenced by the Nature of a Visual StimulusApplied Sciences10.3390/app12231199112:23(11991)Online publication date: 23-Nov-2022
    • (2022)Modification and evaluation of the peripheral contrast sensitivity function modelsJournal of the Optical Society of America A10.1364/JOSAA.44523439:9(1650)Online publication date: 19-Aug-2022

    View Options

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Figures

    Tables

    Media

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media