research-article

DSTL: A Demand-Based Shingled Translation Layer for Enabling Adaptive Address Mapping on SMR Drives

Authors:

Yi-Jing Chuang,

Yuan-Hao Chang,

Wei-Kuan ShihAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS), Volume 19, Issue 4

Article No.: 25, Pages 1 - 21

https://doi.org/10.1145/3391892

Published: 04 July 2020 Publication History

Abstract

Shingled magnetic recording (SMR) is regarded as a promising technology for resolving the areal density limitation of conventional magnetic recording hard disk drives. Among different types of SMR drives, drive-managed SMR (DM-SMR) requires no changes on the host software and is widely used in today’s consumer market. DM-SMR employs a shingled translation layer (STL) to hide its inherent sequential-write constraint from the host software and emulate the SMR drive as a block device via maintaining logical to physical block address mapping entries. However, because most existing STL designs do not simultaneously consider the access pattern and the data update frequency of incoming workloads, those mapping entries maintained within the STL cannot be effectively managed, thus inducing unnecessary performance overhead. To resolve the inefficiency of existing STL designs, this article proposes a demand-based STL (DSTL) to simultaneously consider the access pattern and update frequency of incoming data streams to enhance the access performance of DM-SMR. The proposed design was evaluated by a series of experiments, and the results show that the proposed DSTL can outperform other SMR management approach by up to 86.69% in terms of read/write performance.

References

[1]

Abutalib Aghayev and Peter Desnoyers. 2015. Skylight—A window on shingled disk operation. In Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST’15). 135--149. https://www.usenix.org/conference/fast15/technical-sessions/presentation/aghayev.

Digital Library

[2]

Y. Cassuto, M. A. A. Sanvido, C. Guyot, D. R. Hall, and Z. Z. Bandic. 2010. Indirection systems for shingled-recording disk drives. In Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE 26th Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST’10). 1--14.

[3]

Li-Pin Chang. 2008. Hybrid solid-state disks: Combining heterogeneous NAND flash in large SSDs. In Proceedings of the 2008 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference.

[4]

R. Chen, Z. Qin, Y. Wang, D. Liu, Z. Shao, and Y. Guan. 2015. On-demand block-level address mapping in large-scale NAND flash storage systems. IEEE Transactions on Computers 64, 6 (June 2015), 1729--1741.

[5]

S. Chen, T. Chen, Y. Chang, H. Wei, and W. Shih. 2018. Enabling union page cache to boost file access performance of NVRAM-based storage device. In Proceedings of the 2018 55th ACM/ESDA/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC’18). 1--6.

[6]

Shuo-Han Chen, Yong-Ching Lin, Yuan-Hao Chang, Ming-Chang Yang, Tseng-Yi Chen, Hsin-Wen Wei, and Wei-Kuan Shih. 2019. A new sequential-write-constrained cache management to mitigate write amplification for SMR drives. In Proceedings of the 34th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing.

Digital Library

[7]

Western Digital. n.d. Ultrastar DC HC600 SMR Series. Retrieved June 12, 2020 from https://www.westerndigital.com/products/data-center-drives/ultrastar-dc-hc600-series-hdd.

[8]

Amir Ban. 1995. Flash file system. U.S. 5404485 A.

[9]

Greg Ganger, John Griffin, John Bucy, Jiri Schindler, and Steve Schlosser. n.d. DiskSim. Retrieved April 1, 2019 from http://www.pdl.cmu.edu/DiskSim/index.shtml.

[10]

Aayush Gupta, Youngjae Kim, and Bhuvan Urgaonkar. 2009. DFTL: A flash translation layer employing demand-based selective caching of page-level address mappings. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS XIV). ACM, New York, NY, 229--240.

Digital Library

[11]

D. Hall, J. H. Marcos, and J. D. Coker. 2012. Data handling algorithms for autonomous shingled magnetic recording HDDs. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 48, 5 (May 2012), 1777--1781.

[12]

Weiping He and David H. C. Du. 2017. SMaRT: An approach to shingled magnetic recording translation. In Proceedings of the 15th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST’17). 121--134. https://www.usenix.org/conference/fast17/technical-sessions/presentation/he.

Digital Library

[13]

S. N. Jones, A. Amer, E. L. Miller, D. D. E. Long, R. Pitchumani, and C. R. Strong. 2015. Classifying data to reduce long term data movement in shingled write disks. In Proceedings of the 2015 31st Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST’15). 1--9.

[14]

Saurabh Kadekodi, Swapnil Pimpale, and Garth A. Gibson. 2015. Caveat-Scriptor: Write anywhere shingled disks. In Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Storage and File Systems (HotStorage’15).

Digital Library

[15]

Jawad B. Khan. 2013. Method to detect uncompressible data in mass storage device. US Patent US20130007346A1. https://www.google.com/patents/US20130007346.

[16]

Chung-I. Lin, Dongchul Park, Weiping He, and David Hung-Chang Du. 2012. H-SWD: Incorporating hot data identification into shingled write disks. In Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems. 321--330.

Digital Library

[17]

C. Ma, Z. Shen, L. Han, and Z. Shao. 2019. FC: Built-in flash-cache with fast cleaning for SMR storage. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems (ICESS’19). 1--7.

[18]

C. Ma, Z. Shen, Y. Wang, and Z. Shao. 2018. Alleviating hot data write back effect for shingled magnetic recording storage systems. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 38, 12 (2018), 2243--2254.

Digital Library

[19]

Adam Manzanares, Noah Watkins, Cyril Guyot, Damien LeMoal, Carlos Maltzahn, and Zvonimr Bandic. 2016. ZEA, a data management approach for SMR. In Proceedings of the 8th USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Storage and File Systems (HotStorage’16).

Digital Library

[20]

Dushyanth Narayanan, Austin Donnelly, and Antony Rowstron. 2008. Write off-loading: Practical power management for enterprise storage. In ACM Transactions on Storage4, 3 (2008), Article 10, 23 pages.

[21]

Seagate. n.d. Archive HDD. Retrieved April 1, 2019 from https://www.seagate.com/support/enterprise-servers-storage/hard-disk-drives/archive-hdd/.

[22]

Seagate. n.d. Cheetah 15K.5. Retrieved April 1, 2020 from https://www.seagate.com/staticfiles/support/disc/manuals/enterprise/cheetah/15K.5/SAS/100384784c.pdf.

[23]

Seagate. 2017. Barracuda Data Sheet. Retrieved June 12, 2020 from https://www.seagate.com/staticfiles/docs/pdf/datasheet/disc/barracuda-ds1737-1-1111us.pdf.

[24]

Seagate. n.d. Breaking Capacity Barriers With Seagate Shingled Magnetic Recording. Retrieved June 12, 2020 from https://www.seagate.com/tech-insights/breaking-areal-density-barriers-with-seagate-smr-master-ti/.

[25]

Mansour Shafaei and Peter Desnoyers. 2017. Virtual guard: A track-based translation layer for shingled disks. In Proceedings of the 9th USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Storage and File Systems (HotStorage’17).

[26]

D. A. Thompson and J. S. Best. 2000. The future of magnetic data storage techology. IBM Journal of Research and Development 44, 3 (2000), 311--322.

Digital Library

[27]

Avishay Traeger, Erez Zadok, Nikolai Joukov, and Charles P. Wright. 2008. A nine year study of file system and storage benchmarking. In ACM Transactions on Storage 4, 2 (2008), Article 5.

Digital Library

[28]

Che-Wei Tsao, Chun-Yi Liu, Chien-Chung Ho, Tse-Yuan Wang, Po-Chun Huang, Yuan-Hao Chang, and Tei-Wei Kuo. 2015. Rethinking I/O request management over eMMC-based solid-state drives. In Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Research in Adaptive and Convergent Systems (RACS’15).

Digital Library

[29]

Yi Wang, Zhiwei Qin, Renhai Chen, Zili Shao, and Laurence T. Yang. 2016. An adaptive demand-based caching mechanism for NAND flash memory storage systems. ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 22, 1 (Dec. 2016), Article 18, 22 pages.

Digital Library

[30]

Fenggang Wu, Bingzhe Li, Zhichao Cao, Baoquan Zhang, Ming-Hong Yang, Hao Wen, and David H. C. Du. 2019. ZoneAlloy: Elastic data and space management for hybrid SMR drives. In Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Storage and File Systems (HotStorage’19). https://www.usenix.org/conference/hotstorage19/presentation/wu-fenggang.

[31]

Xuchao Xie, Tianye Yang, Qiong Li, Dengping Wei, and Liquan Xiao. 2018. Duchy: Achieving both SSD durability and controllable SMR cleaning overhead in hybrid storage systems. In Proceedings of the 47th International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP’18). ACM, New York, NY, Article 81, 9 pages.

Digital Library

Cited By

Wu CLee CTsai YWu C(2024)A Space-Grained Cleaning Method to Reduce Long-Tail Latency of DM-SMR DisksACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/364382723:2(1-24)Online publication date: 5-Feb-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643827
Chang JChang TShih YChen T(2023)LaDy: Enabling Locality-aware Deduplication Technology on Shingled Magnetic Recording DrivesACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/360792122:5s(1-25)Online publication date: 31-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3607921
Chen SHuang K(2023)Leveraging Journaling File System for Prompt Secure Deletion on Interlaced Recording DrivesIEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing10.1109/TETC.2022.322662011:3(619-634)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/TETC.2022.3226620
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

DSTL: A Demand-Based Shingled Translation Layer for Enabling Adaptive Address Mapping on SMR Drives
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Embedded and cyber-physical systems
    1. Embedded systems
      1. Embedded software
2. Information systems
  1. Information storage systems
    1. Storage architectures

Recommendations

SAC: A Co-Design Cache Algorithm for Emerging SMR-based High-Density Disks
ASPLOS '20: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems

To satisfy the huge storage capacity requirements of big data, the emerging high-density disks gradually adopt the Shingled Magnetic Recording (SMR) technique. However, the most serious challenge of SMR disks lies in their weak fine-grained random write ...
SMR Disks for Mass Storage Systems
MASCOTS '15: Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems

Disk drives have seen a dramatic increase in storage density over the last five decades, but to continue the growth seems difficult because of physical limitations. One promising approach to overcome the impending limit is shingled magnetic recording (...
H-SWD: Incorporating Hot Data Identification into Shingled Write Disks
MASCOTS '12: Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems

Shingled write disk (SWD) is a magnetic hard disk drive that adopts the shingled magnetic recording (SMR) technology to overcome the areal density limit faced in conventional hard disk drives (HDDs). The SMR design enables SWDs to achieve two to three ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems

ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems Volume 19, Issue 4

July 2020

196 pages

ISSN:1539-9087

EISSN:1558-3465

DOI:10.1145/3407675

Editor:
Tulika Mitra
National University of Singapore, Singapore

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2020 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Journal Family

ACM Journals for the Design of Smart and Connected Systems

Publication History

Published: 04 July 2020

Online AM: 07 May 2020

Accepted: 01 March 2020

Revised: 01 December 2019

Received: 01 July 2019

Published in TECS Volume 19, Issue 4

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article
Research
Refereed

Funding Sources

Ministry of Science and Technology
Academia Sinica

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

5
Total Citations
View Citations
171
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)11
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)2

Reflects downloads up to 11 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Wu CLee CTsai YWu C(2024)A Space-Grained Cleaning Method to Reduce Long-Tail Latency of DM-SMR DisksACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/364382723:2(1-24)Online publication date: 5-Feb-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643827
Chang JChang TShih YChen T(2023)LaDy: Enabling Locality-aware Deduplication Technology on Shingled Magnetic Recording DrivesACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/360792122:5s(1-25)Online publication date: 31-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3607921
Chen SHuang K(2023)Leveraging Journaling File System for Prompt Secure Deletion on Interlaced Recording DrivesIEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing10.1109/TETC.2022.322662011:3(619-634)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/TETC.2022.3226620
Ma CZhou ZWang YWang YMao R(2022)MAID-Q: Minimizing Tail Latency in Embedded Flash With SMR Disk via -Learning ModelIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2022.319749841:11(3709-3720)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TCAD.2022.3197498
Chen SLiang YYang M(2022)KVSTL: An Application Support to LSM-Tree Based Key-Value Store via Shingled Translation Layer Data ManagementIEEE Transactions on Computers10.1109/TC.2021.309896171:7(1598-1611)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2021.3098961

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents