Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
10.1145/3411764.3445381acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageschiConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Mapping the Landscape of COVID-19 Crisis Visualizations

Published: 07 May 2021 Publication History

Abstract

In response to COVID-19, a vast number of visualizations have been created to communicate information to the public. Information exposure in a public health crisis can impact people’s attitudes towards and responses to the crisis and risks, and ultimately the trajectory of a pandemic. As such, there is a need for work that documents, organizes, and investigates what COVID-19 visualizations have been presented to the public. We address this gap through an analysis of 668 COVID-19 visualizations. We present our findings through a conceptual framework derived from our analysis, that examines who, (uses) what data, (to communicate) what messages, in what form, under what circumstances in the context of COVID-19 crisis visualizations. We provide a set of factors to be considered within each component of the framework. We conclude with directions for future crisis visualization research.

Supplementary Material

Supplementary Materials (3411764.3445381_supplementalmaterials.zip)

References

[1]
1Point3Acres. 2020. Global COVID-19 Tracker & Interactive Charts. Retrieved July 02, 2020 from https://coronavirus.1point3acres.com
[2]
Robert Amar, James Eagan, and John Stasko. 2005. Low-Level Components of Analytic Activity in Information Visualization. In Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization(INFOVIS ’05). IEEE Computer Society, USA, 15. https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2005.24
[3]
Adriana Arcia, Niurka Suero-Tejeda, Nicole Spiegel-Gotsch, Jose A Luchsinger, Mary Mittelman, and Suzanne Bakken. 2019. Helping Hispanic family caregivers of persons with dementia “get the picture” about health status through tailored infographics. The Gerontologist 59, 5 (2019), e479–e489. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz085
[4]
Julia Belluzs. 2020. 9 questions about the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic, answered. Retrieved August 28, 2020 from https://www.vox.com/2020/1/31/21113178/what-is-coronavirus-symptoms-travel-china-map
[5]
Aatish Bhatia and Henry Reich. 2020. Trajectory of World COVID-19 Confirmed Cases. Retrieved July 02, 2020 from https://aatishb.com/covidtrends
[6]
Melissa Bica, Julie L. Demuth, James E. Dykes, and Leysia Palen. 2019. Communicating Hurricane Risks: Multi-Method Examination of Risk Imagery Diffusion. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland Uk) (CHI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300545
[7]
Katy Börner, Andreas Bueckle, and Michael Ginda. 2019. Data visualization literacy: Definitions, conceptual frameworks, exercises, and assessments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, 6 (2019), 1857–1864. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807180116
[8]
Emily Bowe, Erin Simmons, and Shannon Mattern. 2020. Learning from lines: Critical COVID data visualizations and the quarantine quotidian. Big data & society 7, 2 (2020), 2053951720939236. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951720939236
[9]
Jeremy Boy, Anshul Vikram Pandey, John Emerson, Margaret Satterthwaite, Oded Nov, and Enrico Bertini. 2017. Showing People Behind Data: Does Anthropomorphizing Visualizations Elicit More Empathy for Human Rights Data?. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 5462–5474. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025512
[10]
Richard Braddock. 1958. An extension of the “Lasswell Formula”. Journal of communication 8, 2 (1958), 88–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1958.tb01138.x
[11]
Matthew Brehmer and Tamara Munzner. 2013. A multi-level typology of abstract visualization tasks. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 19, 12(2013), 2376–2385. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2013.124
[12]
Candice Broce. 2020. Candice Broce Tweet. Retrieved September 14, 2020 from https://twitter.com/candicebroce/status/1259945971213111297?lang=en
[13]
Sara E Brownell, Jordan V Price, and Lawrence Steinman. 2013. Science communication to the general public: why we need to teach undergraduate and graduate students this skill as part of their formal scientific training. Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education 12, 1 (2013), E6.
[14]
Carnegie Mellon University. 2020. Real-time COVID-19 Indicators. Retrieved July 28, 2020 from https://covidcast.cmu.edu
[15]
Damla Cay, Till Nagel, and Asım Evren Yantaç. 2020. Understanding User Experience of COVID-19 Maps through Remote Elicitation Interviews. arxiv:2009.01465 [cs.HC]
[16]
CDC. 2020. Assessing Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19 Illness. Retrieved June 25, 2020 from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/investigations-discovery/assessing-risk-factors.html
[17]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020. Cases in the U.S.Retrieved August 17, 2020 from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html
[18]
Apoorva Chauhan and Amanda L. Hughes. 2017. Providing misc Crisis Information: An Analysis of Official Sources during the 2014 Carlton Complex Wildfire. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3151–3162. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025627
[19]
CNBC. 2020. CNBC Tweet. Retrieved September 16, 2020 from https://twitter.com/CNBC/status/1268927124452380672
[20]
Anne Cori, Christl A Donnelly, Ilaria Dorigatti, Neil M Ferguson, Christophe Fraser, Tini Garske, Thibaut Jombart, Gemma Nedjati-Gilani, Pierre Nouvellet, Steven Riley, 2017. Key data for outbreak evaluation: building on the Ebola experience. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, 1721 (2017), 20160371. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0371
[21]
Michael Correll. 2020. Visualization Design Principles for the Pandemic. Retrieved August 05, 2020 from https://medium.com/@mcorrell/visualization-design-principles-for-the-pandemic-e65388280d16
[22]
Jonathan Corum and Carl Zimmer. 2020. How Coronavirus Mutates and Spreads. Retrieved June 28, 2020 from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/04/30/science/coronavirus-mutations.html
[23]
COVID Near You. 2020. COVID Near You. Retrieved July 28, 2020 from https://covidnearyou.org/us/en-US
[24]
John W Creswell and J David Creswell. 2017. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications, 2600 Virginia Ave NW #600, Washington, DC 20037.
[25]
Borden Dent, J Torguson, and T Hodler. 2008. Thematic map design. McGraw-Hill New York, New York, NY, 2 Pennsylvania Plaza #20, New York, NY 10121.
[26]
Nathan F Dieckmann, Robin Gregory, Ellen Peters, and Robert Hartman. 2017. Seeing what you want to see: How imprecise uncertainty ranges enhance motivated reasoning. Risk Analysis 37, 3 (2017), 471–486. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12639
[27]
Nathan F Dieckmann, Ellen Peters, and Robin Gregory. 2015. At home on the range? Lay interpretations of numerical uncertainty ranges. Risk Analysis 35, 7 (2015), 1281–1295. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12358
[28]
Catherine D’Ignazio and Lauren F. Klein. 2020. Seven intersectional feminist principles for equitable and actionable COVID-19 data. Big Data & Society 7, 2 (2020), 2053951720942544. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951720942544 32802347.
[29]
Catherine D’Ignazio and Lauren F Klein. 2020. Data feminism. MIT Press, 1 Rogers Street, Cambridge, MA 02142.
[30]
Harris Drew. 2020. Flatten the curve. Retrieved August 01, 2020 from https://twitter.com/drewaharris/status/1233267475036372992
[31]
Banu İnanç Uyan Dur, Anita Filipczak-Bialkowska, Sabrina Bresciani, Jianxin Ge, Yaru Niu, Aisha Othman, and D Wils. 2014. Interactive infographics on the internet. misc Journal of Art and Design 2, 4 (2014), 1–14.
[32]
Melanie Ehrenkranz. 2020. Vital Coronavirus Information Is Failing the Blind and Visually Impaired. Retrieved December 15, 2020 from https://www.vice.com/en/article/4ag9wb/vital-coronavirus-information-is-failing-the-blind-and-visually-impaired
[33]
Alaa Elassar. 2020. A Florida county is reminding people to maintain a distance of at least one alligator between each other. Retrieved July 07, 2020 from https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/04/us/social-distancing-florida-alligator-trnd/index.html
[34]
Erick Elejalde, Leo Ferres, and Eelco Herder. 2018. On the nature of real and perceived bias in the mainstream media. PloS one 13, 3 (2018), e0193765. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193765
[35]
Marcus Fairs. 2020. Iconic Covid-19 images designed to create “a feeling of alarm” says CDC medical illustrator Dan Higgins. Retrieved June 28, 2020 from https://www.dezeen.com/2020/05/14/covid-19-images-coronavirus-cdc-medical-illustrator-dan-higgins
[36]
Cage Feilding. 2020. The Toughest Triage. Retrieved June 28, 2020 from https://graphics.reuters.com/HEALTH-CORONAVIRUS/ETHICS/oakpezqllvr
[37]
M Foster. 2019. CV-05-Statistical Mapping (Enumeration, Normalization, Classification). https://doi.org/10.22224/gistbok/2019.2.2
[38]
M Foster. 2019. Statistical Mapping.
[39]
Lynn J. Frewer, Susan Miles, Mary Brennan, Sharon Kuznesof, Mitchell Ness, and Christopher Ritson. 2002. Public preferences for informed choice under conditions of risk uncertainty. Public Understanding of Science 11, 4 (2002), 363–372. https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/11/4/304
[40]
Lazaro Gamio. 2020. The Workers Who Face the Greatest Coronavirus Risk. Retrieved June 28, 2020 from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/03/15/business/economy/coronavirus-worker-risk.html
[41]
Lazaro Gamio and Karen Yourish. 2020. See How the Coronavirus Death Toll Grew Across the U.S.Retrieved July 04, 2020 from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/04/06/us/coronavirus-deaths-united-states.html
[42]
Georgia Department of Public Health. 2020. Georgia Department of Public Health Daily Status Report. Retrieved August 29, 2020 from https://dph.georgia.gov/covid-19-daily-status-report
[43]
James Glanz, Lauren Leatherby, Matthew Bloch, Mitch Smith, Larry Buchanan, Jin Wu, and Nicholas Bogel-Burroughs. 2020. Coronavirus Could Overwhelm U.S. Without Urgent Action, Estimates Say. Retrieved June 28, 2020 from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/03/20/us/coronavirus-model-us-outbreak.htmls
[44]
Chris Hagar. 2010. Introduction to the special section. Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 36, 5 (2010), 10–12.
[45]
Felix Hamborg, Karsten Donnay, and Bela Gipp. 2019. Automated identification of media bias in news articles: an interdisciplinary literature review. International Journal on Digital Libraries 20, 4 (2019), 391–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00799-018-0261-y
[46]
Matthias R Hastall and Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick. 2013. Severity, efficacy, and evidence type as determinants of health message exposure. Health Communication 28, 4 (2013), 378–388. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2012.690175
[47]
Sergio Hernandez, Sean O’Key, Amanda Watts, Byron Manley, and Henrik Pettersson. 2020. Tracking Covid-19 cases in the US. Retrieved August 17, 2020 from https://edition.cnn.com/interactive/2020/health/coronavirus-us-maps-and-cases
[48]
Sergio Herranz, Rosa Romero-Gómez, Paloma Díaz, and Teresa Onorati. 2014. Multi-View Visualizations for Emergency Communities of Volunteers. J. Vis. Lang. Comput. 25, 6 (Dec. 2014), 981–994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvlc.2014.10.026
[49]
Leona Holloway, Matthew Butler, Samuel Reinders, and Kim Marriott. 2020. Non-Visual Access to Graphical Information on COVID-19. In The 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Virtual Event, Greece) (ASSETS ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 75, 3 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3373625.3418015
[50]
Leslie Hook and Aleksandra Wisniewska. 2020. How coronavirus stalled climate change momentum. Retrieved June 28, 2020 from https://www.ft.com/content/052923d2-78c2-11ea-af44-daa3def9ae03
[51]
Jessica Hullman and Nick Diakopoulos. 2011. Visualization rhetoric: Framing effects in narrative visualization. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 17, 12(2011), 2231–2240. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2011.255
[52]
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington. 2020. COVID-19 Projections. Retrieved June 28, 2020 from https://covid19.healthdata.org/united-states-of-america
[53]
Beatrice Jin. 2020. Live tracker: How many coronavirus cases have been reported in each U.S. state?Retrieved September 09, 2020 from https://www.politico.com/interactives/2020/coronavirus-testing-by-state-chart-of-new-cases
[54]
Azaad Kassam and Anar Nanji. 2006. Mental health of Afghan refugees in Pakistan: a qualitative rapid reconnaissance field study. Intervention 4, 1 (2006), 58–66.
[55]
Marra G Katz, Sunil Kripalani, and Barry D Weiss. 2006. Use of pictorial aids in medication instructions: a review of the literature. American journal of health-system pharmacy 63, 23 (2006), 2391–2397. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp060162
[56]
Helen Kennedy and Rosemary Lucy Hill. 2018. The feeling of numbers: Emotions in everyday engagements with data and their visualisation. Sociology 52, 4 (2018), 830–848. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038516674675
[57]
Jooho Kim, Juhee Bae, and Makarand Hastak. 2018. Emergency information diffusion on misc social media during storm Cindy in US. International Journal of Information Management 40 (2018), 153–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.02.003
[58]
Robert Kosara and Jock Mackinlay. 2013. Storytelling: The Next Step for Visualization. Computer 46, 5 (2013), 44–50. https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2013.36
[59]
Harold D Lasswell. 1948. The structure and function of communication in society. The communication of ideas 37, 1 (1948), 136–139.
[60]
Hien Lau, Veria Khosrawipour, Piotr Kocbach, Agata Mikolajczyk, Hirohito Ichii, Justyna Schubert, Jacek Bania, and Tanja Khosrawipour. 2020. Internationally lost COVID-19 cases. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection 53, 3 (2020), 454 – 458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.013
[61]
Bongshin Lee, Riche Nathalie Henry, Isenberg Petra, and Sheelagh Carpendale. 2015. More Than Telling a Story: Transforming Data into Visually Shared Stories. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 35, 5 (2015), 84–90. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2015.99
[62]
Nicholas LePan. 2020. History of Pandemics. Retrieved June 28, 2020 from https://www.visualcapitalist.com/history-of-pandemics-deadliest
[63]
Isaac M Lipkus. 2007. Numeric, verbal, and visual formats of conveying health risks: suggested best practices and future recommendations. Medical decision making 27, 5 (2007), 696–713. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X07307271
[64]
Sophia B. Liu. 2010. Grassroots Heritage in the Crisis Context: A Social Media Probes Approach to Studying Heritage in a Participatory Age. In CHI ’10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Atlanta, Georgia, USA) (CHI EA ’10). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2975–2978. https://doi.org/10.1145/1753846.1753899
[65]
Los Angeles Times Staff. 2020. Tracking the coronavirus in California. Retrieved August 21, 2020 from https://www.latimes.com/projects/california-coronavirus-cases-tracking-outbreak
[66]
Elizabeth C Lowcock, Laura C Rosella, Julie Foisy, Allison McGeer, and Natasha Crowcroft. 2012. The social determinants of health and pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza severity. American journal of public health 102, 8 (2012), e51–e58. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300814
[67]
Xiaolin Lu. 2004. Web-GIS-based SARS epidemic situation visualization. In Fourth International Conference on Virtual Reality and Its Applications in Industry, Vol. 5444. International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE, 1000 20TH ST, Bellingham, WA 98225-6705, 445–452. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.561185
[68]
Amanda Makulec. 2020. Ten Considerations Before You Create Another Chart About COVID-19. Retrieved August 05, 2020 from https://medium.com/nightingale/ten-considerations-before-you-create-another-chart-about-covid-19-27d3bd691be8
[69]
Andrew Vande Moere and Helen Purchase. 2011. On the role of design in information visualization. Information Visualization 10, 4 (2011), 356–371. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473871611415996
[70]
Tamara Munzner. 2009. A nested model for visualization design and validation. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 15, 6(2009), 921–928. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2009.111
[71]
Yixiang Ng, Zongbin Li, Yi Xian Chua, Wei Liang Chaw, Zheng Zhao, Benjamin Er, Rachael Pung, Calvin J Chiew, David C Lye, Derrick Heng, 2020. Evaluation of the effectiveness of surveillance and containment measures for the first 100 patients with COVID-19 in Singapore–January 2–February 29, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6911e1
[72]
Ida Norheim-Hagtun and Patrick Meier. 2010. Crowdsourcing for crisis mapping in Haiti. Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization 5, 4(2010), 81–89.
[73]
Teresa Onorati, Paloma Díaz, and Belen Carrion. 2019. From social networks to emergency operation centers: A semantic visualization approach. Future Generation Computer Systems 95 (2019), 829 – 840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.01.052
[74]
Lace M Padilla, Ian T Ruginski, and Sarah H Creem-Regehr. 2017. Effects of ensemble and summary displays on interpretations of geospatial uncertainty data. Cognitive research: principles and implications 2, 1(2017), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-017-0076-1
[75]
Pandaid. 2020. SOCIAL DISTANCING. Retrieved June 10, 2020 from https://en.pandaid.jp/hygiene/social-distancing
[76]
Yuliya Parshina-Kottas, Bedel Saget, Karthik Patanjali, Or Fleisher, and Gabriel Gianordoli. 2020. This 3-D Simulation Shows Why Social Distancing Is So Important. Retrieved July 01, 2020 from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/04/14/science/coronavirus-transmission-cough-6-feet-ar-ul.html
[77]
Nassim Parvin and Anne Pollock. 2020. Unintended by Design: On the Political Uses of “Unintended Consequence”. Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 6 (2020), 320–327. https://doi.org/10.17351/ests2020.497
[78]
Michael Quinn Patton. 1990. Qualitative evaluation and research methods. SAGE Publications, inc., 2600 Virginia Ave NW #600, Washington, DC 20037.
[79]
Evan M. Peck, Sofia E. Ayuso, and Omar El-Etr. 2019. Data is Personal: Attitudes and Perceptions of Data Visualization in Rural Pennsylvania. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland Uk) (CHI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300474
[80]
Jonathan A Polonsky, Amrish Baidjoe, Zhian N Kamvar, Anne Cori, Kara Durski, W John Edmunds, Rosalind M Eggo, Sebastian Funk, Laurent Kaiser, Patrick Keating, 2019. Outbreak analytics: a developing data science for informing the response to emerging pathogens. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 374, 1776(2019), 20180276. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0276
[81]
Bernhard Preim and Kai Lawonn. 2020. A Survey of Visual Analytics for Public Health. Computer Graphics Forum 39, 1 (2020), 543–580. https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13891
[82]
Reuters. 2020. Sheltering in small places: What life indoors looks like in Tokyo’s cramped homes. Retrieved August 28, 2020 from https://graphics.reuters.com/HEALTH-CORONAVIRUS/TOKYO-HOMES/dgkvlabxpbx/index.html
[83]
Barbara Reynolds, Shana Deitch, and Richard A Schieber. 2007. Crisis and emergency risk communication pandemic influenza. Retrieved December 16, 2020 from https://emergency.cdc.gov/cerc/resources/pdf/cerc-pandemicflu-oct07.pdf
[84]
Barbara Reynolds and MATTHEW W. SEEGER. 2005. Crisis and emergency risk communication as an integrative model. Journal of health communication 10, 1 (2005), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730590904571
[85]
Alessandro Romano, Chiara Sotis, Goran Dominioni, and Sebastián Guidi. 2020. The scale of COVID-19 graphs affects understanding, attitudes, and policy preferences. Health Economics 29, 11 (2020), 1482–1494. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4143
[86]
Rosa Romero-Gómez and Paloma Díaz. 2016. Towards a Design Pattern Language to Assist the Design of Alarm Visualizations for Operating Control Systems. In Digitally Supported Innovation, Leonardo Caporarello, Fabrizio Cesaroni, Raphael Giesecke, and Michele Missikoff (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 249–264.
[87]
Max Roser, Ritchie Hannah, Ortiz-Ospina Esteban, and Hasell Joe. 2020. Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). Retrieved July 02, 2020 from https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus
[88]
Florian Roth. 2012. Visualizing risk: The use of graphical elements in risk analysis and communications. 3RG Report 9(2012), 1–25.
[89]
Ryu Sakai. 2020. What I Learned From COVID-19 Data Visualization. Retrieved June 28, 2020 from https://medium.com/nightingale/what-i-learned-from-covid-19-data-visualization-5c684eaa4698
[90]
Bahador Saket, Alex Endert, and John Stasko. 2016. Beyond Usability and Performance: A Review of User Experience-Focused Evaluations in Visualization. In Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors on Novel Evaluation Methods for Visualization (Baltimore, MD, USA) (BELIV ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 133–142. https://doi.org/10.1145/2993901.2993903
[91]
Karen B Schloss, Connor C Gramazio, Allison T Silverman, Madeline L Parker, and Audrey S Wang. 2018. Mapping color to meaning in colormap data visualizations. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 25, 1(2018), 810–819. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2018.2865147
[92]
Edward Segel and Jeffrey Heer. 2010. Narrative Visualization: Telling Stories with Data. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 16, 6(2010), 1139–1148. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2010.179
[93]
Jamie Seidel. 2020. ‘Dangerous’ truth about viral graph. Retrieved June 28, 2020 from https://www.thechronicle.com.au/news/dangerous-truth-about-viral-graph/3986051
[94]
Ibrahim M Shaluf, Aini Mat Said, 2003. A review of disaster and crisis. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 12, 1(2003), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560310463829
[95]
Megan Sheets. 2020. Georgia health department is accused of ’manipulating’ coronavirus data to show a downward trend in cases. Retrieved August 29, 2020 from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8336989/Georgia-health-department-accused-manipulating-coronavirus-data-downward-trend-cases.html
[96]
Ben Shneiderman. 1996. The Eyes Have It: A Task by Data Type Taxonomy for Information Visualizations. In Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages(VL ’96). IEEE Computer Society, USA, 336.
[97]
Ben Shneiderman and Catherine Plaisant. 2006. Strategies for Evaluating Information Visualization Tools: Multi-Dimensional in-Depth Long-Term Case Studies. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on BEyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods for Information Visualization (Venice, Italy) (BELIV ’06). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1145/1168149.1168158
[98]
Similarweb. 2020. Traffic Overview. Retrieved September 09, 2020 from https://www.similarweb.com/website/dph.georgia.gov
[99]
Paul Slovic. 1987. Perception of risk. Science 236, 4799 (1987), 280–285. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3563507
[100]
South China Morning Post Graphics. 2020. Coronavirus: the disease Covid-19 explained. Retrieved June 28, 2020 from https://multimedia.scmp.com/infographics/news/china/article/3047038/wuhan-virus/index.html
[101]
Eric R Stone, Alexis R Gabard, Aislinn E Groves, and Isaac M Lipkus. 2015. Effects of numerical versus foreground-only icon displays on understanding of risk magnitudes. Journal of health communication 20, 10 (2015), 1230–1241. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2015.1018594
[102]
Sonya C Tang Girdwood, Mark E Murphy, and Jennifer M Kaplan. 2020. The need to balance basic and clinical research with the safety of the research environment and personnel in the time of COVID-19 in the United States. Current Medical Research and Opinion 36, 10 (2020), 1629–1631.
[103]
The COVID Tracking Project. 2020. State Grades. Retrieved June 28, 2020 from https://covidtracking.com/state-grades
[104]
The Globe and Mail. 2020. COVID-19 news: Updates and essential resources about the pandemic. Retrieved August 28, 2020 from https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-coronavirus-covid19-latest-news-canada-explainer
[105]
The New York Times. 2020. Coronavirus in the U.S.: Latest Map and Case Count. Retrieved August 21, 2020 from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/coronavirus-us-cases.html
[106]
The New York Times. 2020. An incalculable loss. Retrieved June 28, 2020 from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/05/24/us/us-coronavirus-deaths-100000.html
[107]
Reis Thebault and Abigail Hauslohner. 2020. A deadly ‘checkerboard’: Covid-19’s new surge across rural America. Retrieved June 28, 2020 from https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/05/24/coronavirus-rural-america-outbreaks
[108]
David R Thomas. 2006. A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American journal of evaluation 27, 2 (2006), 237–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098214005283748
[109]
USA Facts. 2020. US Coronavirus Cases and Deaths. Retrieved August 17, 2020 from https://usafacts.org/visualizations/coronavirus-covid-19-spread-map
[110]
Anne Marthe Van der Bles, Sander van der Linden, Alexandra LJ Freeman, James Mitchell, Ana B Galvao, Lisa Zaval, and David J Spiegelhalter. 2019. Communicating uncertainty about facts, numbers and science. Royal Society open science 6, 5 (2019), 181870. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181870
[111]
Nancy Van House and Elizabeth F Churchill. 2008. Technologies of memory: Key issues and critical perspectives. Memory Studies 1, 3 (2008), 295–310. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750698008093795
[112]
Maya Wei-Haas. 2020. These charts show how coronavirus has ‘quieted’ the world. Retrieved August 28, 2020 from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/04/coronavirus-is-quieting-the-world-seismic-data-shows
[113]
Candice A Welhausen. 2015. Visualizing a non-pandemic: Considerations for communicating public health risks in intercultural contexts. Technical Communication 62, 4 (2015), 244–257.
[114]
Ben Welsh. 2020. Pez charts. Retrieved June 28, 2020 from https://observablehq.com/@datadesk/pez-charts
[115]
Siouxsie Wiles and Toby Morris. 2020. Flatten the curve. Retrieved August 01, 2020 from https://www.dezeen.com/2020/03/22/coronavirus-animations-toby-morris-siouxsie-wiles-design-graphics
[116]
Aaron Williams and Adrian Blanco. 2020. How the coronavirus exposed health disparities in communities of color. Retrieved July 01, 2020 from https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/investigations/coronavirus-race-data-map
[117]
Cheng Zhang, Chao Fan, Wenlin Yao, Xia Hu, and Ali Mostafavi. 2019. Social media for intelligent public information and warning in disasters: An interdisciplinary review. International Journal of Information Management 49 (2019), 190–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.04.004
[118]
Yixuan Zhang, Kartik Chanana, and Cody Dunne. 2019. IDMVis: Temporal Event Sequence Visualization for Type 1 Diabetes Treatment Decision Support. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 25, 1(2019), 512–522. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2018.2865076
[119]
Yixuan Zhang, Sara Di Bartolomeo, Fangfang Sheng, Holly Jimison, and Cody Dunne. 2019. Evaluating Alignment Approaches in Superimposed Time-Series and Temporal Event-Sequence Visualizations. In 2019 IEEE Visualization Conference (VIS). IEEE, 501 Hoes Ln #3, Piscataway, NJ 08855, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/VISUAL.2019.8933584
[120]
Yixuan Zhang, Nurul Suhaimi, Rana Azghandi, Mary Amulya Joseph, Miso Kim, Jacqueline Griffin, and Andrea G. Parker. 2020. Understanding the Use of Crisis Informatics Technology among Older Adults. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376862

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Enhancing GeoHealth: A step-by-step procedure for spatiotemporal disease mappingGeospatial Health10.4081/gh.2024.128719:2Online publication date: 23-Oct-2024
  • (2024)Toward Guidelines for Designing Holistic Integrated Information Visualizations for Time-Critical Contexts: Systematic ReviewJournal of Medical Internet Research10.2196/5808826(e58088)Online publication date: 20-Nov-2024
  • (2024)Diagrammatic thinking and audience reading of COVID-19 data visualisations: A UK case studyConvergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies10.1177/13548565241309886Online publication date: 18-Dec-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Mapping the Landscape of COVID-19 Crisis Visualizations
      Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Information & Contributors

      Information

      Published In

      cover image ACM Conferences
      CHI '21: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
      May 2021
      10862 pages
      ISBN:9781450380966
      DOI:10.1145/3411764
      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

      Sponsors

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      Published: 07 May 2021

      Permissions

      Request permissions for this article.

      Check for updates

      Author Tags

      1. COVID-19
      2. Visualization
      3. crisis informatics

      Qualifiers

      • Research-article
      • Research
      • Refereed limited

      Conference

      CHI '21
      Sponsor:

      Acceptance Rates

      Overall Acceptance Rate 6,199 of 26,314 submissions, 24%

      Upcoming Conference

      CHI 2025
      ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
      April 26 - May 1, 2025
      Yokohama , Japan

      Contributors

      Other Metrics

      Bibliometrics & Citations

      Bibliometrics

      Article Metrics

      • Downloads (Last 12 months)261
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)38
      Reflects downloads up to 25 Dec 2024

      Other Metrics

      Citations

      Cited By

      View all
      • (2024)Enhancing GeoHealth: A step-by-step procedure for spatiotemporal disease mappingGeospatial Health10.4081/gh.2024.128719:2Online publication date: 23-Oct-2024
      • (2024)Toward Guidelines for Designing Holistic Integrated Information Visualizations for Time-Critical Contexts: Systematic ReviewJournal of Medical Internet Research10.2196/5808826(e58088)Online publication date: 20-Nov-2024
      • (2024)Diagrammatic thinking and audience reading of COVID-19 data visualisations: A UK case studyConvergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies10.1177/13548565241309886Online publication date: 18-Dec-2024
      • (2024)Updating a Code for Teaching Ethical VisualizationsJournal of Management Education10.1177/1052562924128826648:6(1090-1120)Online publication date: 14-Oct-2024
      • (2024)Nudging with Narrative Visualization: Communicating to a Young Adult Audience in the PandemicProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36869508:CSCW2(1-21)Online publication date: 8-Nov-2024
      • (2024)Data Discretion: Screen-Level Bureaucrats and Municipal Decision-MakingDigital Government: Research and Practice10.1145/36529505:2(1-14)Online publication date: 19-Jun-2024
      • (2024)Images Connect Us Together: Navigating a COVID-19 Local Outbreak in China Through Social Media ImagesProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36373498:CSCW1(1-32)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
      • (2024)Watching the Election Sausage Get Made: How Data Journalists Visualize the Vote Counting Process in U.S. ElectionsProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642329(1-19)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
      • (2024)Design Patterns for Data-Driven News ArticlesProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3641916(1-16)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
      • (2024)Effects of Forecast Order, Cost, and Risk on Decision Making with Multiple Forecast Visualizations2024 IEEE Workshop on Uncertainty Visualization: Applications, Techniques, Software, and Decision Frameworks10.1109/UncertaintyVisualization63963.2024.00008(28-37)Online publication date: 14-Oct-2024
      • Show More Cited By

      View Options

      Login options

      View options

      PDF

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader

      HTML Format

      View this article in HTML Format.

      HTML Format

      Media

      Figures

      Other

      Tables

      Share

      Share

      Share this Publication link

      Share on social media