research-article

HAMMER: boosting fidelity of noisy Quantum circuits by exploiting Hamming behavior of erroneous outcomes

Authors:

Ramin Ayanzadeh,

Moinuddin QureshiAuthors Info & Claims

ASPLOS '22: Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems

Pages 529 - 540

https://doi.org/10.1145/3503222.3507703

Published: 22 February 2022 Publication History

Abstract

Quantum computers with hundreds of qubits will be available soon. Unfortunately, high device error-rates pose a significant challenge in using these near-term quantum systems to power real-world applications. Executing a program on existing quantum systems generates both correct and incorrect outcomes, but often, the output distribution is too noisy to distinguish between them. In this paper, we show that erroneous outcomes are not arbitrary but exhibit a well-defined structure when represented in the Hamming space. Our experiments on IBM and Google quantum computers show that the most frequent erroneous outcomes are more likely to be close in the Hamming space to the correct outcome. We exploit this behavior to improve the ability to infer the correct outcome.

We propose Hamming Reconstruction (HAMMER), a post-processing technique that leverages the observation of Hamming behavior to reconstruct the noisy output distribution, such that the resulting distribution has higher fidelity. We evaluate HAMMER using experimental data from Google and IBM quantum computers with more than 500 unique quantum circuits and obtain an average improvement of 1.37x in the quality of solution. On Google’s publicly available QAOA datasets, we show that HAMMER sharpens the gradients on the cost function landscape.

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Cited By

Tan SLu LZhang HYu JLang CShang YZhao XChen MLiang YYin JTsafrir DMusuvathi MGupta RAbu-Ghazaleh N(2024)QuFEM: Fast and Accurate Quantum Readout Calibration Using the Finite Element MethodProceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 210.1145/3620665.3640380(948-963)Online publication date: 27-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3620665.3640380
Wang MFang BLi ANair PTsafrir DMusuvathi MGupta RAbu-Ghazaleh N(2024)Red-QAOA: Efficient Variational Optimization through Circuit ReductionProceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 210.1145/3620665.3640363(980-998)Online publication date: 27-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3620665.3640363
Anagolum SAlavisamani NDas PQureshi MShi YTsafrir DMusuvathi MGupta RAbu-Ghazaleh N(2024)Elivagar: Efficient Quantum Circuit Search for ClassificationProceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 210.1145/3620665.3640354(336-353)Online publication date: 27-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3620665.3640354
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Index Terms

HAMMER: boosting fidelity of noisy Quantum circuits by exploiting Hamming behavior of erroneous outcomes
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Architectures
    1. Other architectures
      1. Quantum computing
2. Hardware
  1. Emerging technologies
    1. Quantum technologies

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cover image ACM Conferences

ASPLOS '22: Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems

February 2022

1164 pages

ISBN:9781450392051

DOI:10.1145/3503222

General Chairs:
Babak Falsafi
EPFL, Switzerland
,
Michael Ferdman
Stony Brook University, USA
,
Program Chairs:
Shan Lu
University of Chicago, USA
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Tom Wenisch
University of Michigan, USA / Google, USA

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Published: 22 February 2022

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Cited By

Tan SLu LZhang HYu JLang CShang YZhao XChen MLiang YYin JTsafrir DMusuvathi MGupta RAbu-Ghazaleh N(2024)QuFEM: Fast and Accurate Quantum Readout Calibration Using the Finite Element MethodProceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 210.1145/3620665.3640380(948-963)Online publication date: 27-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3620665.3640380
Wang MFang BLi ANair PTsafrir DMusuvathi MGupta RAbu-Ghazaleh N(2024)Red-QAOA: Efficient Variational Optimization through Circuit ReductionProceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 210.1145/3620665.3640363(980-998)Online publication date: 27-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3620665.3640363
Anagolum SAlavisamani NDas PQureshi MShi YTsafrir DMusuvathi MGupta RAbu-Ghazaleh N(2024)Elivagar: Efficient Quantum Circuit Search for ClassificationProceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 210.1145/3620665.3640354(336-353)Online publication date: 27-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3620665.3640354
Wang HLiu PTan DLiu YGu JPan DCong JAcar UHan S(2024)Atomique: A Quantum Compiler for Reconfigurable Neutral Atom Arrays2024 ACM/IEEE 51st Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA)10.1109/ISCA59077.2024.00030(293-309)Online publication date: 29-Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCA59077.2024.00030
Ayanzadeh RAlavisamani NDas PQureshi MAamodt TJerger NSwift M(2023)FrozenQubits: Boosting Fidelity of QAOA by Skipping Hotspot NodesProceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 210.1145/3575693.3575741(311-324)Online publication date: 27-Jan-2023
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Liang ZWang H(2023)QuCS: A Lecture Series on Quantum Computer Software and System2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE)10.1109/QCE57702.2023.20323(40-48)Online publication date: 17-Sep-2023
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Das PKessler EShi Y(2023)The Imitation Game: Leveraging CopyCats for Robust Native Gate Selection in NISQ Programs2023 IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)10.1109/HPCA56546.2023.10071025(787-801)Online publication date: Feb-2023
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Jang EChoi SRo W(2023)Quixote: Improving Fidelity of Quantum Program by Independent Execution of Controlled Gates2023 60th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)10.1109/DAC56929.2023.10247757(1-6)Online publication date: 9-Jul-2023
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Ayanzadeh RDas PTannu SQureshi M(2022)EQUAL: Improving the Fidelity of Quantum Annealers by Injecting Controlled Perturbations2022 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE)10.1109/QCE53715.2022.00074(516-527)Online publication date: Sep-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/QCE53715.2022.00074

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