Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
article

Energy characterization of embedded real-time operating systems

Published: 01 December 2001 Publication History
  • Get Citation Alerts
  • Abstract

    In this paper we propose a methodology to analyze the energy overhead due to the presence of an embedded operating system in a wearable device. Our objective is to determine the key parameters affecting the energy consumption of the RTOS allowing the development of more efficient OS-based power management policies. To achieve this target, we propose a characterization strategy that stimulates the RTOS both at the kernel and at the I/O driver level by analyzing various OS-related parameters. Our analisys focus in particular on the relationship between energy consumption and processor frequency characterizing the different functionalities of an RTOS, suggesting a way to develop effective OS-aware energy optimization policies based on variable voltage and frequency. Experimental results are presented for eCos, an open-source embedded OS ported and installed on a prototype of wearable device, the HP SmartBadgeIII.

    References

    [1]
    A. Acquaviva, L. Benini, B. Riccó, "An Adaptive Algorithm for Low-Power Streaming Multimedia Processing," Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference, pp. 273-279, March 2001.]]
    [2]
    Advanced RISC Machines Ltd., Advanced RISC Machines Architectural Reference Manual, Prentice Hall, New York, July 1996]]
    [3]
    F. Bellosa, "Endurix: OS-Direct Throttling of Processor Activity for Dynamic Power Management," Technical Report TR-14-99-03, University of Erlangen, June 1999.]]
    [4]
    L. Benini, G. De Micheli, "System-Level Power Optimization: "Techniques and Tools." ACM, TODAES, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 115-192, April 2000.]]
    [5]
    L. Benini, A. Bogliolo, S. Cavallucci, B. Riceó, "Monitoring System Activity for OS-Directed Dynamic Power Management," IEEE International Symposium on Low Power Electronic and Design, pp. 185-190, Aug 1998.]]
    [6]
    R. P. Dick, G. Lackshminarayana, A. Raghunathan, N. K. Jha, "Power Analysis of Embebbed Operating Systems," Design and Automation Conference, pp. 312-315,-2000.]]
    [7]
    M. Flinn, M. Satyanarayanan, "'Energy-Aware Adaptation for Mobile Application" ACM SOSP, pp. 48-63, December 1999.]]
    [8]
    I. Hong, M. Potkonjak, M. B. Srivastava, "'On-Line Scheduling of Hard Real-Time Tasks on Variable Voltage Processors," ICCAD, pp. 653-656, November 1998.]]
    [9]
    C. M. Krishna, Y. H. Lee, "Voltage-Clock-Scaling Adaptive Scheduling Techniques for Low-Power in Hard Real-Time Systems," RTAS, May 2000.]]
    [10]
    T. Ishihara, H. Yasuura, "Voltage Scheduling Problem for Dynamically Variable Voltage Processor," ISLPED, pp. 197-202, August 1998.]]
    [11]
    A. Lebeck, X. Fan, H. Zeng, C. Ellis, "Power Aware Page Allocation," ACM ASPLOS, pp. 105-116, June 2000.]]
    [12]
    J. Lorch, A. J. Smith, "Reducing Processor Power Consumption by Improving Processor Time Management in a Single-User Operating System," MOBICOM, pp. 143-154, 1996.]]
    [13]
    B. Noble, M. Satyanarayanan, D. Narayanan, J. E. Tilton, J. Flinn, K. R. Walker, "Agile Application-Aware Adaptation for Mobility," ACM SOSP, pp. 276-287, 1997.]]
    [14]
    B. Noble, "System Support for Mobile. Adaptive Applications," IEEE Personal Communications, pp. 44-49, February 2000.]]
    [15]
    T. Okuma, T. Ishihara, H. Yasuura, "Real-Time Task Scheduling for a Variable Voltage Processor," DAC, pp. 176-181, June 1998.]]
    [16]
    Y. Shin, K. Choi, "Power Conscious Fixed Priority Scheduling for Hard Real-Time Systems," DAC, pp. 134-139, June 1999.]]
    [17]
    L. Thiele, S. Chakraborty, M. Naedele, "Real Time Calculus for Scheduling Hard Real-Time Systems," IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 101-104, May 2000.]]
    [18]
    I. Weiser, B. Welch, A. Demers, S. Shenker, "Scheduling for Reduced CPU Energy," SOSDI, pp. 13-23, November 1994.]]
    [19]
    K. Weiss, T. Steckstor, W. Rosenstiel, "Performance Analysis of an RTOS by Emulation of an Embedded System," IEEE International Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping, pp. 146-151, 1999.]]
    [20]
    F. Yao, A. Demers, S. Shenker, "A Scheduling Model for Reduced CPU Energy," Annual Foundation of Computer Science, pp. 374-382, October 1995.]]
    [21]
    A. Vahdat, A. Lebeck, C. Ellis, "Every Joule is Precious: The Case for Revisiting Operating System Design for Energy Efficiency," ACM SIGOPS European Workshop, 2000.]]

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2021)Methods for Lowering the Power Consumption of OS-Based Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation ControllersSensors10.3390/s2107234921:7(2349)Online publication date: 28-Mar-2021
    • (2018)Wearables Operating SystemsExamining Developments and Applications of Wearable Devices in Modern Society10.4018/978-1-5225-3290-3.ch004(86-106)Online publication date: 2018
    • (2016)Building Wearables for GeologyACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review10.1145/2903267.290327550:1(31-45)Online publication date: 11-Mar-2016
    • Show More Cited By

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News
    ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News  Volume 29, Issue 5
    Special Issue: PACT 2001 workshops
    December 2001
    91 pages
    ISSN:0163-5964
    DOI:10.1145/563647
    Issue’s Table of Contents

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 01 December 2001
    Published in SIGARCH Volume 29, Issue 5

    Check for updates

    Qualifiers

    • Article

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)11
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1
    Reflects downloads up to 12 Aug 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2021)Methods for Lowering the Power Consumption of OS-Based Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation ControllersSensors10.3390/s2107234921:7(2349)Online publication date: 28-Mar-2021
    • (2018)Wearables Operating SystemsExamining Developments and Applications of Wearable Devices in Modern Society10.4018/978-1-5225-3290-3.ch004(86-106)Online publication date: 2018
    • (2016)Building Wearables for GeologyACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review10.1145/2903267.290327550:1(31-45)Online publication date: 11-Mar-2016
    • (2016)A Constraint-Driven Assessment of Operating Systems for Wearable Devices2016 VI Brazilian Symposium on Computing Systems Engineering (SBESC)10.1109/SBESC.2016.030(150-155)Online publication date: Nov-2016
    • (2014)LLFRP: An Energy Efficient Variant of LLF with Reduced Pre-emptions for Real – Time SystemsGSTF Journal on Computing (JoC)10.7603/s40601-013-0043-83:4Online publication date: 26-May-2014
    • (2014)Energy Efficient Task Assignment with Guaranteed Probability Satisfying Timing Constraints for Embedded SystemsIEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems10.1109/TPDS.2013.25125:8(2043-2052)Online publication date: Aug-2014
    • (2013)Measurement-based research on cryptographic algorithms for embedded real-time systemsJournal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal10.1016/j.sysarc.2013.09.00859:10(1394-1404)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2013
    • (2012)Accurate energy characterization of OS services in embedded systemsEURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems10.1186/1687-3963-2012-62012:1Online publication date: 25-Jul-2012
    • (2012)Research on Cryptographic Algorithms for Embedded Real-time SystemsProceedings of the 2012 IEEE 14th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communication & 2012 IEEE 9th International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems10.1109/HPCC.2012.218(1495-1501)Online publication date: 25-Jun-2012
    • (2012)Hardware-Accelerated Workload Characterization for Power Modeling and Fault InjectionProceedings of the 2012 IEEE 21st Asian Test Symposium10.1109/ATS.2012.19(149-154)Online publication date: 19-Nov-2012
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    Get Access

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media