Temperature-Dependent Sheet Resistance and Surface Characterization of Thin Copper Films Bonded to FR4 Composite under Mechanical Vibrations
Abstract
:Featured Application
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Experimental Sheet Resistance Analysis
- DA4PP
- High Cycle Vibration Test Rig
2.2.1. DA4PP Design
2.2.2. High Cycle Vibration Test Rig
2.3. Theoretical Model
2.4. Experimental Surface Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Validation and Repeatability
3.2. Electrical Properties under Mechanical Vibrations at Different Temperatures
3.2.1. Resistance
3.2.2. Sheet Resistance, Resistivity, and Conductivity
3.3. Surface Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Specimen Set | Test Temperature (°C) | Number of Cycles |
---|---|---|
S11 | 25 | 200,000 |
S12 | 35 | 200,000 |
S13 | 45 | 200,000 |
S21 | 25 | 500,000 |
S22 | 35 | 500,000 |
S23 | 45 | 500,000 |
S31 | 25 | 800,000 |
S32 | 35 | 800,000 |
S33 | 45 | 800,000 |
Resistance (Ω) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature | Length | Width | Thickness | Rth 1 | Rexp 2 | Difference |
(°C) | (mm) | (mm) | (µm) | (Ω) | (Ω) | % |
25 | 5 | 10 | 18 | 4.638 × 10−4 | 4.317 × 10−4 | 7.46 |
35 | 4.821 × 10−4 | 4.559 × 10−4 | 5.74 | |||
45 | 5.003 × 10−4 | 4.801 × 10−4 | 4.21 |
Zone A | Zone B | Zone C | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Replicate 1 | Resistance | SD 2 | CV 3 | Resistance | SD 2 | CV 3 | Resistance | SD 2 | CV 3 |
(Ω) | (Ω) | (%) | (Ω) | (Ω) | (%) | (Ω) | (Ω) | (%) | |
Before cycling at 25 °C | |||||||||
I | 4.218 × 10−4 | 4.233 × 10−4 | 4.589 × 10−4 | ||||||
II | 4.207 × 10−4 | 2.44 × 10−6 | 0.58 | 4.151 × 10−4 | 3.92 × 10−6 | 0.94 | 4.591 × 10−4 | 1.03 × 10−6 | 0.22 |
III | 4.161 × 10−4 | 4.149 × 10−4 | 4.568 × 10−4 | ||||||
After 800 k cycles of loading at 25 °C | |||||||||
I | 1.906 × 10−3 | 1.961 × 10−3 | 3.432 × 10−2 | ||||||
II | 1.904 × 10−3 | 1.09 × 10−5 | 0.57 | 1.904 × 10−3 | 5.45 × 10−5 | 2.87 | 3.434 × 10−2 | 6.02 × 10−5 | 0.17 |
III | 1.882 × 10−3 | 1.828 × 10−3 | 3.421 × 10−2 | ||||||
Before cycling at 45 °C | |||||||||
I | 4.636 × 10−4 | 4.744 × 10−4 | 4.653 × 10−4 | ||||||
II | 4.623 × 10−4 | 4.42 × 10−6 | 0.96 | 4.554 × 10−4 | 8.50 × 10−6 | 1.84 | 4.520 × 10−4 | 5.58 × 10−6 | 1.22 |
III | 4.536 × 10−4 | 4.576 × 10−4 | 4.562 × 10−4 | ||||||
After 800 k cycles of loading at 45 °C | |||||||||
I | 2.091 × 10−3 | 2.153 × 10−3 | 3.543 × 10−2 | ||||||
II | 2.110 × 10−3 | 1.23 × 10−5 | 0.58 | 2.063 × 10−3 | 6.72 × 10−5 | 3.25 | 3.668 × 10−2 | 8.29 × 10−4 | 2.27 |
III | 2.121 × 10−3 | 1.989 × 10−3 | 3.745 × 10−2 |
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Azam, S.; Munshi, S.; Hassan, M.K.; Fragoso, A. Temperature-Dependent Sheet Resistance and Surface Characterization of Thin Copper Films Bonded to FR4 Composite under Mechanical Vibrations. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 7941. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137941
Azam S, Munshi S, Hassan MK, Fragoso A. Temperature-Dependent Sheet Resistance and Surface Characterization of Thin Copper Films Bonded to FR4 Composite under Mechanical Vibrations. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(13):7941. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137941
Chicago/Turabian StyleAzam, Sufyan, Shadi Munshi, Mohamed K. Hassan, and Alex Fragoso. 2023. "Temperature-Dependent Sheet Resistance and Surface Characterization of Thin Copper Films Bonded to FR4 Composite under Mechanical Vibrations" Applied Sciences 13, no. 13: 7941. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137941