Delineating and Characterizing the Metropolitan Fringe Area of Shanghai—A Spatial Morphology Perspective
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. The Functional and Morphological Approaches to Delineating Metropolitan Fringe Areas
2.2. The Multi–Faceted Characteristics of Metropolitan Fringe Areas
3. Case Study and Methods
3.1. Study Area
3.2. Spatial Morphology Data
3.3. The Method to Delineate the Metropolitan Fringe Area
3.3.1. Principles of Constructing the Delineation Method
- Objectivity: the adopted method and the delineation process should be based mainly on mathematical or computer–generated calculations, thereby truly reflecting the rule of spatial distribution and reducing the bias of the empirical value;
- Simplicity: the delineation process should be simple and clear, and can be explained by quantitative detection or qualitative evaluation;
- Universality: the method should be applicable to delineating metropolitan fringe areas of various types of cities and not limited to only a certain type of city;
- Continuity: the delineated metropolitan fringe area should be a relatively continuous physical space.
3.3.2. The Technical Route of the Delineation Method
4. Results
4.1. The Delineation Process and Result of Shanghai’s Metropolitan Fringe Area
4.2. Spatial Morphological Characteristics of Shanghai’s Metropolitan Fringe Area
4.2.1. The Distribution Patterns of Building Height
4.2.2. The Distribution Patterns of Building Density
4.2.3. The Distribution Patterns of Development Intensity
5. Discussion
5.1. Validation of the Delineation Result
5.2. The prototype of the Spatial Structure of the Metropolitan Fringe Area
5.3. Implications for Urban Planning and Design
6. Conclusions
6.1. Working Summary and Main Conclusions
6.2. Planning Suggestions
6.3. Prospects for Follow-up Research
- (1)
- Due to data constraints, we were unable to analyze how the metropolitan fringe area has evolved during China’s rapid urbanization process, which varies from period to period with its constant change. So, if there is more comprehensive and consistent data, the spatial–temporal characteristics can be determined afterward.
- (2)
- In addition, the mechanisms behind the heterogeneity in the distribution of spatial morphological characteristics need to be further explored, such as by conducting a correlation analysis between population change and development intensity.
- (3)
- Shanghai is a representative mega–city with rich geographic resources—for example, the Yangtze River and the Suzhou River—so different parts of its metropolitan fringe area vary greatly. Thus, further research should be conducted on the detailed characteristics of various sub–regions, respectively, in order to put forward more specific suggestions for the planning and design of Shanghai’s metropolitan fringe area. Moreover, subsequent studies can analyze the situation for small– and medium–sized cities as well.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Code of Circle Layer | Total Construction Area 1 | Total Floor Area | Average Development Intensity |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 105.95 | 13.73 | 7.72 |
2 | 156.97 | 35.57 | 4.41 |
3 | 6827.42 | 2499.66 | 2.73 |
4 | 12,811.25 | 8682.73 | 1.48 |
5 | 814.25 | 803.10 | 1.01 |
6 | 241.32 | 263.09 | 0.92 |
7 | 294.09 | 398.99 | 0.74 |
8 | 240.45 | 470.75 | 0.51 |
9 | 294.05 | 651.57 | 0.45 |
10 | 321.78 | 948.56 | 0.34 |
11 | 534.19 | 2768.07 | 0.19 |
12 | 671.99 | 8098.70 | 0.08 |
13 | 75.40 | 4697.01 | 0.02 |
Types of Buildings | Number | Share |
---|---|---|
Low–rise building | 115,815 | 60.90% |
Lower–middle–rise building | 58,562 | 30.79% |
Mid–rise building | 8395 | 4.41% |
High–rise building | 7388 | 3.88% |
Super high–rise building | 14 | 0.01% |
Types of Land | Types of Functions | Area (Hectares) | Share |
---|---|---|---|
Urban construction land | Residential | 29,606.3 | 23.58% |
Industrial | 33,655.6 | 26.80% | |
Commercial | 2893.2 | 2.30% | |
Public service | 2053.5 | 1.64% | |
Mixed use | 224.3 | 0.18% | |
Others | 8747.4 | 6.96% | |
Non–urban construction land | Agricultural and forestry | 38,082.9 | 30.33% |
Others | 10,314.7 | 8.21% |
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Xiong, W.; Yang, J. Delineating and Characterizing the Metropolitan Fringe Area of Shanghai—A Spatial Morphology Perspective. Land 2023, 12, 2086. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12122086
Xiong W, Yang J. Delineating and Characterizing the Metropolitan Fringe Area of Shanghai—A Spatial Morphology Perspective. Land. 2023; 12(12):2086. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12122086
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiong, Weiting, and Junyan Yang. 2023. "Delineating and Characterizing the Metropolitan Fringe Area of Shanghai—A Spatial Morphology Perspective" Land 12, no. 12: 2086. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12122086