Microstructure and Thermomechanical Characterization of Fe-28Mn-6Si-5Cr Shape Memory Alloy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Microstructural Characterization
3.2. X-ray Diffraction Study
3.3. Thermal Analysis
3.4. Mechanical Behavior
4. Conclusions
- The microstructural characterization corroborated the presence of the two phases, ε-martensite and γ-austenite at room temperature. In addition, two types of intermetallic compounds were detected. Those located at the grain boundary had a similar composition to the surrounding matrix, whereas the particles embedded in the matrix were Si-enriched.
- The reversibility of the martensitic transformation, ε ↔ γ, was assessed by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction studies. The obtained values for the critical temperatures As, Af, Ms, and Mf were 123.8 °C, 141.5 °C, 4.2 °C, and −11.8 °C, respectively. It was also confirmed that the transformation was not totally reversible, depending on the strain degree and the number of thermal cycles. Thus, the increase of any of these parameters involves a lower degree of reversibility.
- Thermal analysis was also used to study the kinetics of the ε → γ transformation. The isoconversion curves were constructed to design the improved thermal activation cycle in the studied SMS alloy.
- From the tensile tests the Rp0.2, Rm(UTS), the EL(%), and the necking parameters were evaluated. The values were 241 MPa, 760 MPa, 33.8%, and 29.9%, respectively. The recovery stress was 140 MPa, after 7.6% pre-strain and a thermal activation to 160 °C, under a fully constrained condition.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phase | Mn (wt%) | Si (wt%) | Cr (wt%) | Fe (wt%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Austenite (matrix, 1) | 28.2 | 6.6 | 5.4 | 59.8 |
Particles at grain boundary (2) | 28.6 | 6.7 | 5.7 | 59 |
Particles within austenite grains (3) | 32.9 | 11.9 | 5.7 | 49.5 |
State of the Sample | γ (111) | γ (200) | γ (220) | γ (311) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Peak intensity ratio (I/Imax) | ||||
Pre-strained | 100 | 24 | 6 | 11 |
Thermal activated | 100 | 20 | 17 | 10 |
Variation (%) | 0 | 20 | 183 | 10 |
FWHM (° 2θ) | ||||
Pre-strained | 0.47 | 0.75 | 0.77 | 1.05 |
Thermal activated | 0.31 | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.13 |
Variation (%) | −34.0 | −65.3 | −62.3 | −87.6 |
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Collazo, A.; Figueroa, R.; Mariño-Martínez, C.; Pérez, C. Microstructure and Thermomechanical Characterization of Fe-28Mn-6Si-5Cr Shape Memory Alloy. Metals 2021, 11, 649. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11040649
Collazo A, Figueroa R, Mariño-Martínez C, Pérez C. Microstructure and Thermomechanical Characterization of Fe-28Mn-6Si-5Cr Shape Memory Alloy. Metals. 2021; 11(4):649. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11040649
Chicago/Turabian StyleCollazo, Antonio, Raúl Figueroa, Carmen Mariño-Martínez, and Carmen Pérez. 2021. "Microstructure and Thermomechanical Characterization of Fe-28Mn-6Si-5Cr Shape Memory Alloy" Metals 11, no. 4: 649. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11040649