Afforestation of prairie regions has rapidly reached, as a recent world-wide policy, countries li... more Afforestation of prairie regions has rapidly reached, as a recent world-wide policy, countries like Uruguay, but little is known about the effects of eucalyptus plantation on soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics. In order to evaluate their possible effects in a prairie soil, some soil parameters were compared, before and after forestation. The zone of study was located 200 km from the Rio Uruguay mouth (Piedras Coloradas-Algorta) in a 1200-mm temperate gently undulated sandy lowland dominated by Mollisols with an herbaceous vegetation of photosynthetic pathway C4 type. The study included two stages; in the first one, a 25-year old C3 type cultivation (Eucalyptus grandis) and eight soil parameters (organic matter, pH, cation exchange capacity (CIC) Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, free and amorphous Fe) are considered. The soil samples were taken also by horizons (A and B). The data obtained was statistically evaluated by t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the second stage the cultivation ti...
The current change in land use of grassland in the temperate region of South America is a process... more The current change in land use of grassland in the temperate region of South America is a process associated with the worldwide expansion of annual crops and afforestation with fast growing exotic species. This last cultivation has particularly been the subject of numerous studies showing its negative effects on soil (acidification, loss of organic matter and base cations, among others). However its effects on the mineral fraction are not yet known, as it is generally considered as one of the slowest responses to changes. This stimulated the present study in order to assess whether the composition of clay minerals could be altered together with some of the physicochemical parameters affected by afforestation. This study compares the mineralogical composition of clays by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in a grassland soil (Argiudolls) under natural coverage and under Eucalyptus grandis cultivation implanted 25 years ago in a sector of the same grassland. The tendency of some physicochemical parameters, common to other studies was also compared. XRD results showed, as a most noticeable difference in A(11) and A(12) subhorizons (~20 cm) under eucalyptus, the fall of the 10Å spectrum minerals (illite-like minerals), which are the main reservoir of K in the soil. Meanwhile, the physicochemical parameters showed significant changes (p<0.01) to highly significant ones under eucalyptus, particularly in these subhorizons, where on average soil organic matter decreased by 43%; K(+) by 34%; Ca(2+) by 44%, while the pH dropped to this level by half a point. Our results show that the exportation of some nutrients is not compensated due to the turnover of organic forestry debris; the process of soil acidification was not directly associated with the redistribution of cations, but with an incipient podzolization process; the loss of potassium together with soil acidification, leads to a drastic change in clay mineralogy, which would be irreversible.
Afforestation of prairie regions has rapidly reached, as a recent world-wide policy, countries li... more Afforestation of prairie regions has rapidly reached, as a recent world-wide policy, countries like Uruguay, but little is known about the effects of eucalyptus plantation on soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics. In order to evaluate their possible effects in a prairie soil, some soil parameters were compared, before and after forestation. The zone of study was located 200 km from the Rio Uruguay mouth (Piedras Coloradas-Algorta) in a 1200-mm temperate gently undulated sandy lowland dominated by Mollisols with an herbaceous vegetation of photosynthetic pathway C4 type. The study included two stages; in the first one, a 25-year old C3 type cultivation (Eucalyptus grandis) and eight soil parameters (organic matter, pH, cation exchange capacity (CIC) Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, free and amorphous Fe) are considered. The soil samples were taken also by horizons (A and B). The data obtained was statistically evaluated by t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the second stage the cultivation ti...
The current change in land use of grassland in the temperate region of South America is a process... more The current change in land use of grassland in the temperate region of South America is a process associated with the worldwide expansion of annual crops and afforestation with fast growing exotic species. This last cultivation has particularly been the subject of numerous studies showing its negative effects on soil (acidification, loss of organic matter and base cations, among others). However its effects on the mineral fraction are not yet known, as it is generally considered as one of the slowest responses to changes. This stimulated the present study in order to assess whether the composition of clay minerals could be altered together with some of the physicochemical parameters affected by afforestation. This study compares the mineralogical composition of clays by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in a grassland soil (Argiudolls) under natural coverage and under Eucalyptus grandis cultivation implanted 25 years ago in a sector of the same grassland. The tendency of some physicochemical parameters, common to other studies was also compared. XRD results showed, as a most noticeable difference in A(11) and A(12) subhorizons (~20 cm) under eucalyptus, the fall of the 10Å spectrum minerals (illite-like minerals), which are the main reservoir of K in the soil. Meanwhile, the physicochemical parameters showed significant changes (p<0.01) to highly significant ones under eucalyptus, particularly in these subhorizons, where on average soil organic matter decreased by 43%; K(+) by 34%; Ca(2+) by 44%, while the pH dropped to this level by half a point. Our results show that the exportation of some nutrients is not compensated due to the turnover of organic forestry debris; the process of soil acidification was not directly associated with the redistribution of cations, but with an incipient podzolization process; the loss of potassium together with soil acidification, leads to a drastic change in clay mineralogy, which would be irreversible.
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Papers by Carlos Payret