In this study I examine two families in the Angevin era between 1308 (Szécsi’s first appearance i... more In this study I examine two families in the Angevin era between 1308 (Szécsi’s first appearance in the elite) to 1359 (death of Lack from kindred Hermán). They had baronial dignities at royal court: Lackfi’s were masters of horses (from 1326 until 1396), many members of the Szécsi family were the stewards under reign Charles I and Louis I of Hungary. I analysed these two families and I focused to the first and second generation. In the end we can see which were differences between them and their king’s personal policy with elite. In the elite there was main changes between first years and the middle of the 14th century.
The Lackfi s and their familiares in the Middle of the 14th Century
The analysis of familiarity... more The Lackfi s and their familiares in the Middle of the 14th Century
The analysis of familiarity in the Angevin era, especially regarding the baronial families, is able to present how functioned the government locally. In my study I examine the Lackfi family’s servants (in Hungarian: familiáris!) between 1326 and 1368, especially their deputies (for example vicevoivodes, vicemasters of the horse, vicecounts and vicecastellans). Firstly I present the deputies in the royal court, near the Angevin kings. The vicecounts, vicecastellans are separately examined. They were local nobles, who locally and freely joined to the Lackfi ’s familia. About the provincial dignities (voivode, ban) can be said that the family primarily gained their servants from Transylvania. Many members of the Lackfi family were voivodes and the long-term offi ces resulted this tendency. Finally, I examine those noblemen who le the Lackfi s’s service. Thereafter the simple servants (offi cialis and famulus) are examined who were members of Lackfi family as well, the only diff erence was their dignities and the lords’ sympathy.
Strategy, relationship and connections. The Lorántffys of Serke in Borsod and Gömör counties
This... more Strategy, relationship and connections. The Lorántffys of Serke in Borsod and Gömör counties This paper deals with the history of Lorántffy of Serke family especially from the middle 15th century to the last third of 16th century. Most of their possessions were in two northern counties, in Borsod and Gömör. It examines their family strategies for example castles aspirations which was the most important to Lorántffys such as possessions, pawning and royal donations. In Borsod and Gömör counties the political system and the local society has changed not only after 1526 and the Ottoman conquests but also in the late middle ages. The paper analyzes Lorántffy family’s relationship and pay special attention to their relatives and correct the genealogical connections. Their strategies, relationships and political, identical connections has changed in this nearly 130 years but every situations, especially in the front line against Turkish, was solved and Lorántffy family survived that cataclysm which has caused by the Ottoman conquests and desintegration of Kingdom of Hungary.
Transylvania under the voivodeship of Stephan Lackfi (1344–1350)
In this study, I aim to present... more Transylvania under the voivodeship of Stephan Lackfi (1344–1350)
In this study, I aim to present the political sitution of Transylvania between 1344 and 1350, under voivodeship of Stephan Lackfi. Voivodes was one of the high-ranking royal officials in Hungarian Kingdom, in the Angevin-era because their military and juridical power was significant like ban of Slavonia (and later Croatia). In 1344, when Lackfi appointed by king Louis the Great, he inherited the Transylvanian structures (counties, regional nobility, ethnical diversity, familiarity). His voivodeship had duality: office demanded constant presence but the baronial dignity meant permanent participatation in wars of the king. In these years, Louis I’s authority changed in Transylvania because under Charles I’s rule the former voivode (Thomas Szécsényi) had stronger influence into the royal court. That caused, after 1342 the young king in every platform tried to emphasize that voivodeship has granted only by his grace. In my study I examine the jurisdical practice, especially general assemblies (congregatio generalis) which placed at Torda (Turda, Thorenburg), and viceviovode’s law court at Szentimre (Sântimbru, Emrichsdorf). I present the realitionship between Lackfi and Transylvanian nobility. In parallel this I expound the king’s policy in Transylvania in particular Louis I’s journey around the province in 1349, when plague arrived to the Hungarian Kingdom. In this time Lackfi was far away from his office: he fought against the king’s enemies, overseas, at gates of Naples.
Before and after Mohács: Operation of the authorities of Gömör county (1470–1570)
The study exami... more Before and after Mohács: Operation of the authorities of Gömör county (1470–1570) The study examines the staff of the county (ispans, vice-ispans, judges of nobility) based on archontological research, and then covers the role of the so-called county men in conducting investigations, reports and citations. It shows the operation of the authorities by analysis of the county assembly and the county judicial assembly. A separate part is dedicated to the nobles, who appeared on the judicial assemblies as representatives or advocates, taking an active part in the operation of the county, then the most frequently occurring causes are examined (pledge, daughter’s quarter, morning-gift and dowry).
A Lackfi család történetének kezdete a szerény, ám nagy múltú Hermány nemzetségig nyúlik vissza. ... more A Lackfi család történetének kezdete a szerény, ám nagy múltú Hermány nemzetségig nyúlik vissza. Az ebből származó családnak Lack, avagy László vetette meg alapját. Leszármazottai kis túlzással a XIV. századi magyar történelem leg-fontosabb bárói dinasztiájává lettek. Unokái még az Anjoukat is túlélve egészen 1397-ig az ország egyik leghatalmasabb famíliájának tagjai voltak. 1 Az Anjouk, különösen I. (Nagy) Lajos négy évtizedes uralkodása alatt befutott karrierjük is indokolja annak megválaszolását, hogy honnan indult ennek a családnak a története. Válaszra vár az a kérdés is, hogy Lack szerepe miként járult hozzá fiai előrejutásához. Dolgozatomban személyén túl nem csupán családja, fiai, ha-nem a kortárs politikai elit is szerepet kapott. Igyekeztem családi kapcsolataira, tisztségeire és ezáltal familiárisaira is rávilágítani. Szécsényi Tamás erdélyi vaj-dával való kapcsolatának alakulásával az Anjou-monarchia működési mechaniz-musának, személyi összefonódásainak kérdésére is választ kerestem. A királyi udvarban és I. Károly seregében megforduló székelyispán, Lack, korának jellegzetes figurája. Fiaival való kapcsolatán keresztül, különösen birtokai felosztása és politikai értelemben vett visszalépése egy, a korszakban-tudomásom szerint-egyedi életpálya felvázolását teszi lehetővé.
A surgeon from Esztergom. Pertoldus and king Charles I of Hungary.
There were many doctors and s... more A surgeon from Esztergom. Pertoldus and king Charles I of Hungary.
There were many doctors and surgeons in the Kingdom of Hungary in early Angevin-era, but we know little their personal and medicallives. In the first part of this essay I examine many persons who hold the title of doctor (medicus). Among them there were many ecclesiastical person, but we find them incities. In this paper I choosen one of them, Pertoldus, who was the king’s surgeon and doctor (cirurgus seu medicus regis). As a citizen of Esztergom, he gained fields, houses and vineyards around the city of Esztergom by the grace of his king, Charles I. He married twice, he had three sons, but his ancestors were unknown. Before 1333, when the king and his son, Andrew went to Naples in hope to acquire the Angevin-ancestors’ throne, Pertoldus has sell his properties. After the South-Italian journey, he has disappeared from sources.
Letters patent of King Matthias I of Hungary granting arms to István Császár of Császár, canon of... more Letters patent of King Matthias I of Hungary granting arms to István Császár of Császár, canon of Várad, and to Mátyás, Gergely, Tamás, György and János, sons of Benedek Petneházi. Buda, 9th January 1462.
Letters patent of King Matthias I of Hungary granting arms to Szilveszter, János and Gál, sons of... more Letters patent of King Matthias I of Hungary granting arms to Szilveszter, János and Gál, sons of Jakab Bod of Bodfalva, a nobleman of County Ung. Buda, 21st February 1460.
Letters patent of János Hunyadi, Regent of Hungary, in which (upon the request of the literate Bá... more Letters patent of János Hunyadi, Regent of Hungary, in which (upon the request of the literate Bálint Tordasi, who appeared before the Regent’s court) he transcribes the grant of arms issued by King Sigismund of Hungary on 15th August 1417 to the noblemen Mihály, lector of Szepes, Miklós, archdeacon of Sasvár, János, canon of Esztergom, Vác and Buda, and through them to János and István, sons of Gergely Békási, to Bálint Tordasi and to a certain István (the charter being at that time in possession of István, citizen of Buda). Buda, 13th April 1449.
Letters patent of János Hunyadi, Regent of Hungary granting arms to the nobleman Miklós. Pogány, ... more Letters patent of János Hunyadi, Regent of Hungary granting arms to the nobleman Miklós. Pogány, citizen of Torda. Temesvár/Timişoara, 13th October 1447.
A royal court baron in arms. Stephen Lackfi's and the Angevin's Hungary
Stephen Lackfi’s name is... more A royal court baron in arms. Stephen Lackfi's and the Angevin's Hungary
Stephen Lackfi’s name is familiar for medievalists especially his rule during the campaigns of Louis I of Hungary (Naples, Lithuania, etc.), but his function is less known in the Angevin monarchy before 1342. Lackfi got his first baronial dignity in 1326 as Charles I’s equerry, and he remained in this post until 1343. In this period he became count of Nyitra, since 1340 he was the count of Vas and Sopron. In this essay I examine his rule and operation umder Charles I’s kingdom. He had castellans in four counts, he had de-puties (vice-castellans and vice-counts too) who served him. Besides this the study is examining about the Bohemian and Austrian wars because as one of the favourite baron of the king he had big part in the military operations. This work is not dealing with the complete career of Stephan Lackfi because after the death of King Charles I the political situation has changed and Lackfi and his family (his brothers and sons) got bigger part of the government in the kingdom. The former royal equerry became the young Louis I’s treasurer, voivode of Transylvania and ban of Croatia. However Lackfi died in 1353 in my study I would like to shed light on that his career has started in the first Angevin monarch’s royal court, where he became one of the barons who helped the new dynasty to be established the Kingdom of Hungary.
„In nostra curia edicatus”. In kings’ court: the career of Herbord Osl
In my study, I examine t... more „In nostra curia edicatus”. In kings’ court: the career of Herbord Osl
In my study, I examine the life and career of Herbord from the gens Osl who was one of the most loyal person of king Béla IV of Hungary and was an important person in the royal court. Many years Herbord has not wear baronial or other dignities, but in the last decades of Arpadians kings he was part of the political area, especially after 1272. In the court of the young king László IV he became equerry three times, and dapifer once. I also study his family connections, titles (counts, royal court dignitaries) and try to situate his place in that baronial clique which determined the political situation of the kingdom between 1272 and 1279. The career and role of Herbord in the court of Béla IV and László IV may help to understand in what ways the royal court and its personal services functioned.
Eius uxor matrona singularis, Helena dicta est, quam perhibent neptem ex sorore fuisse Constantin... more Eius uxor matrona singularis, Helena dicta est, quam perhibent neptem ex sorore fuisse Constantinapolitaneo Imperatori – as can be read in Epithoma rerum Hungaricarum by Petrus Ransanus. The Italian author provides unique information about the maternal descent of Béla II. King of Hungary’s wife, Queen Helena. This information cannot be found in the other medieval Hungarian chronicles, only in Ransanus’ Epithoma. Every source mentions the name of Helena’s father, who was Uros, the grandzupan of Serbia, but the mother’s identity is unknown. Queen Helena's kinship with the Comneni is yet unclear in historiography. In our thesis we try to examine the authenticity of the Epithome, after this we attempt to revise the genealogy of the Byzantine emperors (Alexios I and Ioannes II) and try to place Queen consort Helena on the Comneni’s genealogical tree. In the last decades historiography has identified Helena’s mother to be Anna Diogenissa, who was the niece of emperor Alexios I, but with the source, on which this theory is based on, we could not identify her. In our thesis we try to search for answers about Anna Diogenissa’s identity. There are many unanswered questions regarding Anna Diogenissa that can cause problems if we want to examine the kinship between the Hungarian Queen consort and the Comneni Dinasty. We try to define the time of the marriage of prince Béla and Helena of Serbia and how it influenced Helena’s kinship with the Comneni. The problem with Helena’s maternal descent is an unanswered question in medieval Hungarian history. First of all, the only source, the Epithoma was composed in the end of the 15th century, secondly there are genealogical antagonisms in the family tree of the Arpads and Comneni. Moreover, we experienced that the 18-19th century literature seems to avoid this topic.
Between diplomacy and war.
Some remarks about the Byzantine campaign against Antioch in 1142–4... more Between diplomacy and war.
Some remarks about the Byzantine campaign against Antioch in 1142–43
Following the conquest of Cilicia in 1142–43, the army of Byzantine Emperor John II (1118–43) reached the walls of Antioch. The principality had been a vassal state of the empire since 1137: according to the treaty signed this year, Raymond of Poitiers could remain prince but he had to acknowledge the authority of Byzantium. In 1142 Raymond decided not to cooperate with John II, and by doing so he violated the five-year-old treaty. The 1142–43 campaign brought about a situation which threatened even the crusader states to get involved in a Byzantine-Antiochian conflict. Emperor John even proposed King Fulk of Jerusalem the plan of a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, which would have meant a covert military expedition. The Byzantine Empire still had its territorial claims in the East, even as far as the Holy Land, and these aspirations endangered the existence of the crusader states. On the other hand, however, the emperorʼs plans included the joint action against Atabeg Zangi, ruler of Mosul and Aleppo. The resistance of Raymond and his Antiochian nobles, however, upset the basileusʼs calculations. Suffering from the growing supply problems the emperor was forced to get through the winter with his army in the territory of Cilicia, and he did not set out for Antioch in early spring. Was he preparing for further diplomatic games of for fighting? The stalemate – or the war which was just about to break out and which would have had grave consequences on the Outremer states – came to an end with John IIʼs sudden death in April 1143, preventing thus the military cooperation of the crusaders and Byzantium against the Arabs.
Keywords: Antioch, Raymond of Poitiers, Emperor John II, campaign in 1142–43, King Fulk of Jerusalem, Byzantine Empire, Saizar, Joscelin, Edessa, Zangi
Eius uxor matrona singularis, Helena dicta est, quam perhibent neptem ex sorore fuisse Constantin... more Eius uxor matrona singularis, Helena dicta est, quam perhibent neptem ex sorore fuisse Constantinapolitaneo Imperatori – as can be read in Epithoma rerum Hungaricarum by Petrus Ransanus. The Italian author provides unique information about the maternal descent of Béla II. King of Hungary’s wife, Queen Helena. This information cannot be found in the other medieval Hungarian chronicles, only in Ransanus’ Epithoma. Every source mentions the name of Helena’s father, who was Uros, the grandzupan of Serbia, but the mother’s identity is unknown. Queen Helena's kinship with the Comneni is yet unclear in historiography. In our thesis we try to examine the authenticity of the Epithome, after this we attempt to revise the genealogy of the Byzantine emperors (Alexios I and Ioannes II) and try to place Queen consort Helena on the Comneni’s genealogical tree. In the last decades historiography has identified Helena’s mother to be Anna Diogenissa, who was the niece of emperor Alexios I, but with the source, on which this theory is based on, we could not identify her. In our thesis we try to search for answers about Anna Diogenissa’s identity. There are many unanswered questions regarding Anna Diogenissa that can cause problems if we want to examine the kinship between the Hungarian Queen consort and the Comneni Dinasty. We try to define the time of the marriage of prince Béla and Helena of Serbia and how it influenced Helena’s kinship with the Comneni. The problem with Helena’s maternal descent is an unanswered question in medieval Hungarian history. First of all, the only source, the Epithoma was composed in the end of the 15th century, secondly there are genealogical antagonisms in the family tree of the Arpads and Comneni. Moreover, we experienced that the 18-19th century literature seems to avoid this topic.
In this study I examine two families in the Angevin era between 1308 (Szécsi’s first appearance i... more In this study I examine two families in the Angevin era between 1308 (Szécsi’s first appearance in the elite) to 1359 (death of Lack from kindred Hermán). They had baronial dignities at royal court: Lackfi’s were masters of horses (from 1326 until 1396), many members of the Szécsi family were the stewards under reign Charles I and Louis I of Hungary. I analysed these two families and I focused to the first and second generation. In the end we can see which were differences between them and their king’s personal policy with elite. In the elite there was main changes between first years and the middle of the 14th century.
The Lackfi s and their familiares in the Middle of the 14th Century
The analysis of familiarity... more The Lackfi s and their familiares in the Middle of the 14th Century
The analysis of familiarity in the Angevin era, especially regarding the baronial families, is able to present how functioned the government locally. In my study I examine the Lackfi family’s servants (in Hungarian: familiáris!) between 1326 and 1368, especially their deputies (for example vicevoivodes, vicemasters of the horse, vicecounts and vicecastellans). Firstly I present the deputies in the royal court, near the Angevin kings. The vicecounts, vicecastellans are separately examined. They were local nobles, who locally and freely joined to the Lackfi ’s familia. About the provincial dignities (voivode, ban) can be said that the family primarily gained their servants from Transylvania. Many members of the Lackfi family were voivodes and the long-term offi ces resulted this tendency. Finally, I examine those noblemen who le the Lackfi s’s service. Thereafter the simple servants (offi cialis and famulus) are examined who were members of Lackfi family as well, the only diff erence was their dignities and the lords’ sympathy.
Strategy, relationship and connections. The Lorántffys of Serke in Borsod and Gömör counties
This... more Strategy, relationship and connections. The Lorántffys of Serke in Borsod and Gömör counties This paper deals with the history of Lorántffy of Serke family especially from the middle 15th century to the last third of 16th century. Most of their possessions were in two northern counties, in Borsod and Gömör. It examines their family strategies for example castles aspirations which was the most important to Lorántffys such as possessions, pawning and royal donations. In Borsod and Gömör counties the political system and the local society has changed not only after 1526 and the Ottoman conquests but also in the late middle ages. The paper analyzes Lorántffy family’s relationship and pay special attention to their relatives and correct the genealogical connections. Their strategies, relationships and political, identical connections has changed in this nearly 130 years but every situations, especially in the front line against Turkish, was solved and Lorántffy family survived that cataclysm which has caused by the Ottoman conquests and desintegration of Kingdom of Hungary.
Transylvania under the voivodeship of Stephan Lackfi (1344–1350)
In this study, I aim to present... more Transylvania under the voivodeship of Stephan Lackfi (1344–1350)
In this study, I aim to present the political sitution of Transylvania between 1344 and 1350, under voivodeship of Stephan Lackfi. Voivodes was one of the high-ranking royal officials in Hungarian Kingdom, in the Angevin-era because their military and juridical power was significant like ban of Slavonia (and later Croatia). In 1344, when Lackfi appointed by king Louis the Great, he inherited the Transylvanian structures (counties, regional nobility, ethnical diversity, familiarity). His voivodeship had duality: office demanded constant presence but the baronial dignity meant permanent participatation in wars of the king. In these years, Louis I’s authority changed in Transylvania because under Charles I’s rule the former voivode (Thomas Szécsényi) had stronger influence into the royal court. That caused, after 1342 the young king in every platform tried to emphasize that voivodeship has granted only by his grace. In my study I examine the jurisdical practice, especially general assemblies (congregatio generalis) which placed at Torda (Turda, Thorenburg), and viceviovode’s law court at Szentimre (Sântimbru, Emrichsdorf). I present the realitionship between Lackfi and Transylvanian nobility. In parallel this I expound the king’s policy in Transylvania in particular Louis I’s journey around the province in 1349, when plague arrived to the Hungarian Kingdom. In this time Lackfi was far away from his office: he fought against the king’s enemies, overseas, at gates of Naples.
Before and after Mohács: Operation of the authorities of Gömör county (1470–1570)
The study exami... more Before and after Mohács: Operation of the authorities of Gömör county (1470–1570) The study examines the staff of the county (ispans, vice-ispans, judges of nobility) based on archontological research, and then covers the role of the so-called county men in conducting investigations, reports and citations. It shows the operation of the authorities by analysis of the county assembly and the county judicial assembly. A separate part is dedicated to the nobles, who appeared on the judicial assemblies as representatives or advocates, taking an active part in the operation of the county, then the most frequently occurring causes are examined (pledge, daughter’s quarter, morning-gift and dowry).
A Lackfi család történetének kezdete a szerény, ám nagy múltú Hermány nemzetségig nyúlik vissza. ... more A Lackfi család történetének kezdete a szerény, ám nagy múltú Hermány nemzetségig nyúlik vissza. Az ebből származó családnak Lack, avagy László vetette meg alapját. Leszármazottai kis túlzással a XIV. századi magyar történelem leg-fontosabb bárói dinasztiájává lettek. Unokái még az Anjoukat is túlélve egészen 1397-ig az ország egyik leghatalmasabb famíliájának tagjai voltak. 1 Az Anjouk, különösen I. (Nagy) Lajos négy évtizedes uralkodása alatt befutott karrierjük is indokolja annak megválaszolását, hogy honnan indult ennek a családnak a története. Válaszra vár az a kérdés is, hogy Lack szerepe miként járult hozzá fiai előrejutásához. Dolgozatomban személyén túl nem csupán családja, fiai, ha-nem a kortárs politikai elit is szerepet kapott. Igyekeztem családi kapcsolataira, tisztségeire és ezáltal familiárisaira is rávilágítani. Szécsényi Tamás erdélyi vaj-dával való kapcsolatának alakulásával az Anjou-monarchia működési mechaniz-musának, személyi összefonódásainak kérdésére is választ kerestem. A királyi udvarban és I. Károly seregében megforduló székelyispán, Lack, korának jellegzetes figurája. Fiaival való kapcsolatán keresztül, különösen birtokai felosztása és politikai értelemben vett visszalépése egy, a korszakban-tudomásom szerint-egyedi életpálya felvázolását teszi lehetővé.
A surgeon from Esztergom. Pertoldus and king Charles I of Hungary.
There were many doctors and s... more A surgeon from Esztergom. Pertoldus and king Charles I of Hungary.
There were many doctors and surgeons in the Kingdom of Hungary in early Angevin-era, but we know little their personal and medicallives. In the first part of this essay I examine many persons who hold the title of doctor (medicus). Among them there were many ecclesiastical person, but we find them incities. In this paper I choosen one of them, Pertoldus, who was the king’s surgeon and doctor (cirurgus seu medicus regis). As a citizen of Esztergom, he gained fields, houses and vineyards around the city of Esztergom by the grace of his king, Charles I. He married twice, he had three sons, but his ancestors were unknown. Before 1333, when the king and his son, Andrew went to Naples in hope to acquire the Angevin-ancestors’ throne, Pertoldus has sell his properties. After the South-Italian journey, he has disappeared from sources.
Letters patent of King Matthias I of Hungary granting arms to István Császár of Császár, canon of... more Letters patent of King Matthias I of Hungary granting arms to István Császár of Császár, canon of Várad, and to Mátyás, Gergely, Tamás, György and János, sons of Benedek Petneházi. Buda, 9th January 1462.
Letters patent of King Matthias I of Hungary granting arms to Szilveszter, János and Gál, sons of... more Letters patent of King Matthias I of Hungary granting arms to Szilveszter, János and Gál, sons of Jakab Bod of Bodfalva, a nobleman of County Ung. Buda, 21st February 1460.
Letters patent of János Hunyadi, Regent of Hungary, in which (upon the request of the literate Bá... more Letters patent of János Hunyadi, Regent of Hungary, in which (upon the request of the literate Bálint Tordasi, who appeared before the Regent’s court) he transcribes the grant of arms issued by King Sigismund of Hungary on 15th August 1417 to the noblemen Mihály, lector of Szepes, Miklós, archdeacon of Sasvár, János, canon of Esztergom, Vác and Buda, and through them to János and István, sons of Gergely Békási, to Bálint Tordasi and to a certain István (the charter being at that time in possession of István, citizen of Buda). Buda, 13th April 1449.
Letters patent of János Hunyadi, Regent of Hungary granting arms to the nobleman Miklós. Pogány, ... more Letters patent of János Hunyadi, Regent of Hungary granting arms to the nobleman Miklós. Pogány, citizen of Torda. Temesvár/Timişoara, 13th October 1447.
A royal court baron in arms. Stephen Lackfi's and the Angevin's Hungary
Stephen Lackfi’s name is... more A royal court baron in arms. Stephen Lackfi's and the Angevin's Hungary
Stephen Lackfi’s name is familiar for medievalists especially his rule during the campaigns of Louis I of Hungary (Naples, Lithuania, etc.), but his function is less known in the Angevin monarchy before 1342. Lackfi got his first baronial dignity in 1326 as Charles I’s equerry, and he remained in this post until 1343. In this period he became count of Nyitra, since 1340 he was the count of Vas and Sopron. In this essay I examine his rule and operation umder Charles I’s kingdom. He had castellans in four counts, he had de-puties (vice-castellans and vice-counts too) who served him. Besides this the study is examining about the Bohemian and Austrian wars because as one of the favourite baron of the king he had big part in the military operations. This work is not dealing with the complete career of Stephan Lackfi because after the death of King Charles I the political situation has changed and Lackfi and his family (his brothers and sons) got bigger part of the government in the kingdom. The former royal equerry became the young Louis I’s treasurer, voivode of Transylvania and ban of Croatia. However Lackfi died in 1353 in my study I would like to shed light on that his career has started in the first Angevin monarch’s royal court, where he became one of the barons who helped the new dynasty to be established the Kingdom of Hungary.
„In nostra curia edicatus”. In kings’ court: the career of Herbord Osl
In my study, I examine t... more „In nostra curia edicatus”. In kings’ court: the career of Herbord Osl
In my study, I examine the life and career of Herbord from the gens Osl who was one of the most loyal person of king Béla IV of Hungary and was an important person in the royal court. Many years Herbord has not wear baronial or other dignities, but in the last decades of Arpadians kings he was part of the political area, especially after 1272. In the court of the young king László IV he became equerry three times, and dapifer once. I also study his family connections, titles (counts, royal court dignitaries) and try to situate his place in that baronial clique which determined the political situation of the kingdom between 1272 and 1279. The career and role of Herbord in the court of Béla IV and László IV may help to understand in what ways the royal court and its personal services functioned.
Eius uxor matrona singularis, Helena dicta est, quam perhibent neptem ex sorore fuisse Constantin... more Eius uxor matrona singularis, Helena dicta est, quam perhibent neptem ex sorore fuisse Constantinapolitaneo Imperatori – as can be read in Epithoma rerum Hungaricarum by Petrus Ransanus. The Italian author provides unique information about the maternal descent of Béla II. King of Hungary’s wife, Queen Helena. This information cannot be found in the other medieval Hungarian chronicles, only in Ransanus’ Epithoma. Every source mentions the name of Helena’s father, who was Uros, the grandzupan of Serbia, but the mother’s identity is unknown. Queen Helena's kinship with the Comneni is yet unclear in historiography. In our thesis we try to examine the authenticity of the Epithome, after this we attempt to revise the genealogy of the Byzantine emperors (Alexios I and Ioannes II) and try to place Queen consort Helena on the Comneni’s genealogical tree. In the last decades historiography has identified Helena’s mother to be Anna Diogenissa, who was the niece of emperor Alexios I, but with the source, on which this theory is based on, we could not identify her. In our thesis we try to search for answers about Anna Diogenissa’s identity. There are many unanswered questions regarding Anna Diogenissa that can cause problems if we want to examine the kinship between the Hungarian Queen consort and the Comneni Dinasty. We try to define the time of the marriage of prince Béla and Helena of Serbia and how it influenced Helena’s kinship with the Comneni. The problem with Helena’s maternal descent is an unanswered question in medieval Hungarian history. First of all, the only source, the Epithoma was composed in the end of the 15th century, secondly there are genealogical antagonisms in the family tree of the Arpads and Comneni. Moreover, we experienced that the 18-19th century literature seems to avoid this topic.
Between diplomacy and war.
Some remarks about the Byzantine campaign against Antioch in 1142–4... more Between diplomacy and war.
Some remarks about the Byzantine campaign against Antioch in 1142–43
Following the conquest of Cilicia in 1142–43, the army of Byzantine Emperor John II (1118–43) reached the walls of Antioch. The principality had been a vassal state of the empire since 1137: according to the treaty signed this year, Raymond of Poitiers could remain prince but he had to acknowledge the authority of Byzantium. In 1142 Raymond decided not to cooperate with John II, and by doing so he violated the five-year-old treaty. The 1142–43 campaign brought about a situation which threatened even the crusader states to get involved in a Byzantine-Antiochian conflict. Emperor John even proposed King Fulk of Jerusalem the plan of a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, which would have meant a covert military expedition. The Byzantine Empire still had its territorial claims in the East, even as far as the Holy Land, and these aspirations endangered the existence of the crusader states. On the other hand, however, the emperorʼs plans included the joint action against Atabeg Zangi, ruler of Mosul and Aleppo. The resistance of Raymond and his Antiochian nobles, however, upset the basileusʼs calculations. Suffering from the growing supply problems the emperor was forced to get through the winter with his army in the territory of Cilicia, and he did not set out for Antioch in early spring. Was he preparing for further diplomatic games of for fighting? The stalemate – or the war which was just about to break out and which would have had grave consequences on the Outremer states – came to an end with John IIʼs sudden death in April 1143, preventing thus the military cooperation of the crusaders and Byzantium against the Arabs.
Keywords: Antioch, Raymond of Poitiers, Emperor John II, campaign in 1142–43, King Fulk of Jerusalem, Byzantine Empire, Saizar, Joscelin, Edessa, Zangi
Eius uxor matrona singularis, Helena dicta est, quam perhibent neptem ex sorore fuisse Constantin... more Eius uxor matrona singularis, Helena dicta est, quam perhibent neptem ex sorore fuisse Constantinapolitaneo Imperatori – as can be read in Epithoma rerum Hungaricarum by Petrus Ransanus. The Italian author provides unique information about the maternal descent of Béla II. King of Hungary’s wife, Queen Helena. This information cannot be found in the other medieval Hungarian chronicles, only in Ransanus’ Epithoma. Every source mentions the name of Helena’s father, who was Uros, the grandzupan of Serbia, but the mother’s identity is unknown. Queen Helena's kinship with the Comneni is yet unclear in historiography. In our thesis we try to examine the authenticity of the Epithome, after this we attempt to revise the genealogy of the Byzantine emperors (Alexios I and Ioannes II) and try to place Queen consort Helena on the Comneni’s genealogical tree. In the last decades historiography has identified Helena’s mother to be Anna Diogenissa, who was the niece of emperor Alexios I, but with the source, on which this theory is based on, we could not identify her. In our thesis we try to search for answers about Anna Diogenissa’s identity. There are many unanswered questions regarding Anna Diogenissa that can cause problems if we want to examine the kinship between the Hungarian Queen consort and the Comneni Dinasty. We try to define the time of the marriage of prince Béla and Helena of Serbia and how it influenced Helena’s kinship with the Comneni. The problem with Helena’s maternal descent is an unanswered question in medieval Hungarian history. First of all, the only source, the Epithoma was composed in the end of the 15th century, secondly there are genealogical antagonisms in the family tree of the Arpads and Comneni. Moreover, we experienced that the 18-19th century literature seems to avoid this topic.
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Papers by Csaba Farkas
The analysis of familiarity in the Angevin era, especially regarding the baronial families, is able to present how functioned the government locally. In my study I examine the Lackfi family’s servants (in Hungarian: familiáris!) between 1326 and 1368, especially their deputies (for example vicevoivodes, vicemasters of the horse, vicecounts and vicecastellans). Firstly I present the deputies in the royal court, near the Angevin kings. The vicecounts, vicecastellans are separately examined. They were local nobles, who locally and freely joined to the Lackfi ’s familia. About the provincial dignities (voivode, ban) can be said that the family primarily gained their servants from Transylvania. Many members of the Lackfi family were voivodes and the long-term offi ces resulted this tendency. Finally, I examine those noblemen who le the Lackfi s’s service. Thereafter the simple servants (offi cialis and famulus) are examined who were members of Lackfi family as well, the only diff erence was their dignities and the lords’ sympathy.
This paper deals with the history of Lorántffy of Serke family especially from the middle 15th century to the last third of 16th century.
Most of their possessions were in two northern counties, in Borsod and Gömör. It examines their family strategies for example castles
aspirations which was the most important to Lorántffys such as possessions, pawning and royal donations. In Borsod and Gömör counties
the political system and the local society has changed not only after 1526 and the Ottoman conquests but also in the late middle ages.
The paper analyzes Lorántffy family’s relationship and pay special attention to their relatives and correct the genealogical connections.
Their strategies, relationships and political, identical connections has changed in this nearly 130 years but every situations, especially in
the front line against Turkish, was solved and Lorántffy family survived that cataclysm which has caused by the Ottoman conquests and
desintegration of Kingdom of Hungary.
In this study, I aim to present the political sitution of Transylvania between 1344 and 1350, under voivodeship of Stephan Lackfi. Voivodes was one of the high-ranking royal officials in Hungarian Kingdom, in the Angevin-era because their military and juridical power was significant like ban of Slavonia (and later Croatia). In 1344, when Lackfi appointed by king Louis the Great, he inherited the Transylvanian structures (counties, regional nobility, ethnical diversity, familiarity). His voivodeship had duality: office demanded constant presence but the baronial dignity meant permanent participatation in wars of the king. In these years, Louis I’s authority changed in Transylvania because under Charles I’s rule the former voivode (Thomas Szécsényi) had stronger influence into the royal court. That caused, after 1342 the young king in every platform tried to emphasize that voivodeship has granted only by his grace. In my
study I examine the jurisdical practice, especially general assemblies (congregatio generalis) which placed at Torda (Turda, Thorenburg), and viceviovode’s law court at Szentimre (Sântimbru, Emrichsdorf). I present the realitionship between Lackfi and Transylvanian nobility. In
parallel this I expound the king’s policy in Transylvania in particular Louis I’s journey around the province in 1349, when plague arrived to the Hungarian Kingdom. In this time Lackfi was far away from his office: he fought against the king’s enemies, overseas, at gates of Naples.
The study examines the staff of the county (ispans, vice-ispans, judges of nobility) based on archontological research, and then covers the
role of the so-called county men in conducting investigations, reports and citations. It shows the operation of the authorities by analysis of
the county assembly and the county judicial assembly. A separate part is dedicated to the nobles, who appeared on the judicial assemblies as
representatives or advocates, taking an active part in the operation of the county, then the most frequently occurring causes are examined
(pledge, daughter’s quarter, morning-gift and dowry).
There were many doctors and surgeons in the Kingdom of Hungary in early Angevin-era, but we know little their personal and medicallives. In the first part of this essay I examine many persons who hold the title of doctor (medicus). Among them there were many ecclesiastical person, but we find them incities. In this paper I choosen one of them, Pertoldus, who was the king’s surgeon and doctor (cirurgus seu medicus regis). As a citizen of Esztergom, he gained fields, houses and vineyards around the city of Esztergom by the grace of his king, Charles I. He married twice, he had three sons, but his ancestors were unknown. Before 1333, when the king and his son, Andrew went to Naples in hope to acquire the Angevin-ancestors’ throne, Pertoldus has sell his properties. After the South-Italian journey, he has disappeared from sources.
Stephen Lackfi’s name is familiar for medievalists especially his rule during the campaigns
of Louis I of Hungary (Naples, Lithuania, etc.), but his function is less known in
the Angevin monarchy before 1342. Lackfi got his first baronial dignity in 1326 as
Charles I’s equerry, and he remained in this post until 1343. In this period he became
count of Nyitra, since 1340 he was the count of Vas and Sopron. In this essay I examine
his rule and operation umder Charles I’s kingdom. He had castellans in four counts,
he had de-puties (vice-castellans and vice-counts too) who served him. Besides this
the study is examining about the Bohemian and Austrian wars because as one of the favourite
baron of the king he had big part in the military operations. This work is not
dealing with the complete career of Stephan Lackfi because after the death of King
Charles I the political situation has changed and Lackfi and his family (his brothers and
sons) got bigger part of the government in the kingdom. The former royal equerry became
the young Louis I’s treasurer, voivode of Transylvania and ban of Croatia. However
Lackfi died in 1353 in my study I would like to shed light on that his career has
started in the first Angevin monarch’s royal court, where he became one of the barons
who helped the new dynasty to be established the Kingdom of Hungary.
In my study, I examine the life and career of Herbord from the gens Osl who was one of the most loyal person of king Béla IV of Hungary and was an important person in the royal court. Many years Herbord has not wear baronial or other dignities, but in the last decades of Arpadians kings he was part of the political area, especially after 1272. In the court of the young king László IV he became equerry three times, and dapifer once. I also study his family connections, titles (counts, royal court dignitaries) and try to situate his place in that baronial clique which determined the political situation of the kingdom between 1272 and 1279. The career and role of Herbord in the court of Béla IV and László IV may help to understand in what ways the royal court and its personal services functioned.
Some remarks about the Byzantine campaign against Antioch in 1142–43
Following the conquest of Cilicia in 1142–43, the army of Byzantine Emperor John II (1118–43) reached the walls of Antioch. The principality had been a vassal state of the empire since 1137: according to the treaty signed this year, Raymond of Poitiers could remain prince but he had to acknowledge the authority of Byzantium. In 1142 Raymond decided not to cooperate with John II, and by doing so he violated the five-year-old treaty. The 1142–43 campaign brought about a situation which threatened even the crusader states to get involved in a Byzantine-Antiochian conflict. Emperor John even proposed King Fulk of Jerusalem the plan of a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, which would have meant a covert military expedition. The Byzantine Empire still had its territorial claims in the East, even as far as the Holy Land, and these aspirations endangered the existence of the crusader states. On the other hand, however, the emperorʼs plans included the joint action against Atabeg Zangi, ruler of Mosul and Aleppo. The resistance of Raymond and his Antiochian nobles, however, upset the basileusʼs calculations. Suffering from the growing supply problems the emperor was forced to get through the winter with his army in the territory of Cilicia, and he did not set out for Antioch in early spring. Was he preparing for further diplomatic games of for fighting? The stalemate – or the war which was just about to break out and which would have had grave consequences on the Outremer states – came to an end with John IIʼs sudden death in April 1143, preventing thus the military cooperation of the crusaders and Byzantium against the Arabs.
Keywords: Antioch, Raymond of Poitiers, Emperor John II, campaign in 1142–43, King Fulk of Jerusalem, Byzantine Empire, Saizar, Joscelin, Edessa, Zangi
Talks by Csaba Farkas
The analysis of familiarity in the Angevin era, especially regarding the baronial families, is able to present how functioned the government locally. In my study I examine the Lackfi family’s servants (in Hungarian: familiáris!) between 1326 and 1368, especially their deputies (for example vicevoivodes, vicemasters of the horse, vicecounts and vicecastellans). Firstly I present the deputies in the royal court, near the Angevin kings. The vicecounts, vicecastellans are separately examined. They were local nobles, who locally and freely joined to the Lackfi ’s familia. About the provincial dignities (voivode, ban) can be said that the family primarily gained their servants from Transylvania. Many members of the Lackfi family were voivodes and the long-term offi ces resulted this tendency. Finally, I examine those noblemen who le the Lackfi s’s service. Thereafter the simple servants (offi cialis and famulus) are examined who were members of Lackfi family as well, the only diff erence was their dignities and the lords’ sympathy.
This paper deals with the history of Lorántffy of Serke family especially from the middle 15th century to the last third of 16th century.
Most of their possessions were in two northern counties, in Borsod and Gömör. It examines their family strategies for example castles
aspirations which was the most important to Lorántffys such as possessions, pawning and royal donations. In Borsod and Gömör counties
the political system and the local society has changed not only after 1526 and the Ottoman conquests but also in the late middle ages.
The paper analyzes Lorántffy family’s relationship and pay special attention to their relatives and correct the genealogical connections.
Their strategies, relationships and political, identical connections has changed in this nearly 130 years but every situations, especially in
the front line against Turkish, was solved and Lorántffy family survived that cataclysm which has caused by the Ottoman conquests and
desintegration of Kingdom of Hungary.
In this study, I aim to present the political sitution of Transylvania between 1344 and 1350, under voivodeship of Stephan Lackfi. Voivodes was one of the high-ranking royal officials in Hungarian Kingdom, in the Angevin-era because their military and juridical power was significant like ban of Slavonia (and later Croatia). In 1344, when Lackfi appointed by king Louis the Great, he inherited the Transylvanian structures (counties, regional nobility, ethnical diversity, familiarity). His voivodeship had duality: office demanded constant presence but the baronial dignity meant permanent participatation in wars of the king. In these years, Louis I’s authority changed in Transylvania because under Charles I’s rule the former voivode (Thomas Szécsényi) had stronger influence into the royal court. That caused, after 1342 the young king in every platform tried to emphasize that voivodeship has granted only by his grace. In my
study I examine the jurisdical practice, especially general assemblies (congregatio generalis) which placed at Torda (Turda, Thorenburg), and viceviovode’s law court at Szentimre (Sântimbru, Emrichsdorf). I present the realitionship between Lackfi and Transylvanian nobility. In
parallel this I expound the king’s policy in Transylvania in particular Louis I’s journey around the province in 1349, when plague arrived to the Hungarian Kingdom. In this time Lackfi was far away from his office: he fought against the king’s enemies, overseas, at gates of Naples.
The study examines the staff of the county (ispans, vice-ispans, judges of nobility) based on archontological research, and then covers the
role of the so-called county men in conducting investigations, reports and citations. It shows the operation of the authorities by analysis of
the county assembly and the county judicial assembly. A separate part is dedicated to the nobles, who appeared on the judicial assemblies as
representatives or advocates, taking an active part in the operation of the county, then the most frequently occurring causes are examined
(pledge, daughter’s quarter, morning-gift and dowry).
There were many doctors and surgeons in the Kingdom of Hungary in early Angevin-era, but we know little their personal and medicallives. In the first part of this essay I examine many persons who hold the title of doctor (medicus). Among them there were many ecclesiastical person, but we find them incities. In this paper I choosen one of them, Pertoldus, who was the king’s surgeon and doctor (cirurgus seu medicus regis). As a citizen of Esztergom, he gained fields, houses and vineyards around the city of Esztergom by the grace of his king, Charles I. He married twice, he had three sons, but his ancestors were unknown. Before 1333, when the king and his son, Andrew went to Naples in hope to acquire the Angevin-ancestors’ throne, Pertoldus has sell his properties. After the South-Italian journey, he has disappeared from sources.
Stephen Lackfi’s name is familiar for medievalists especially his rule during the campaigns
of Louis I of Hungary (Naples, Lithuania, etc.), but his function is less known in
the Angevin monarchy before 1342. Lackfi got his first baronial dignity in 1326 as
Charles I’s equerry, and he remained in this post until 1343. In this period he became
count of Nyitra, since 1340 he was the count of Vas and Sopron. In this essay I examine
his rule and operation umder Charles I’s kingdom. He had castellans in four counts,
he had de-puties (vice-castellans and vice-counts too) who served him. Besides this
the study is examining about the Bohemian and Austrian wars because as one of the favourite
baron of the king he had big part in the military operations. This work is not
dealing with the complete career of Stephan Lackfi because after the death of King
Charles I the political situation has changed and Lackfi and his family (his brothers and
sons) got bigger part of the government in the kingdom. The former royal equerry became
the young Louis I’s treasurer, voivode of Transylvania and ban of Croatia. However
Lackfi died in 1353 in my study I would like to shed light on that his career has
started in the first Angevin monarch’s royal court, where he became one of the barons
who helped the new dynasty to be established the Kingdom of Hungary.
In my study, I examine the life and career of Herbord from the gens Osl who was one of the most loyal person of king Béla IV of Hungary and was an important person in the royal court. Many years Herbord has not wear baronial or other dignities, but in the last decades of Arpadians kings he was part of the political area, especially after 1272. In the court of the young king László IV he became equerry three times, and dapifer once. I also study his family connections, titles (counts, royal court dignitaries) and try to situate his place in that baronial clique which determined the political situation of the kingdom between 1272 and 1279. The career and role of Herbord in the court of Béla IV and László IV may help to understand in what ways the royal court and its personal services functioned.
Some remarks about the Byzantine campaign against Antioch in 1142–43
Following the conquest of Cilicia in 1142–43, the army of Byzantine Emperor John II (1118–43) reached the walls of Antioch. The principality had been a vassal state of the empire since 1137: according to the treaty signed this year, Raymond of Poitiers could remain prince but he had to acknowledge the authority of Byzantium. In 1142 Raymond decided not to cooperate with John II, and by doing so he violated the five-year-old treaty. The 1142–43 campaign brought about a situation which threatened even the crusader states to get involved in a Byzantine-Antiochian conflict. Emperor John even proposed King Fulk of Jerusalem the plan of a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, which would have meant a covert military expedition. The Byzantine Empire still had its territorial claims in the East, even as far as the Holy Land, and these aspirations endangered the existence of the crusader states. On the other hand, however, the emperorʼs plans included the joint action against Atabeg Zangi, ruler of Mosul and Aleppo. The resistance of Raymond and his Antiochian nobles, however, upset the basileusʼs calculations. Suffering from the growing supply problems the emperor was forced to get through the winter with his army in the territory of Cilicia, and he did not set out for Antioch in early spring. Was he preparing for further diplomatic games of for fighting? The stalemate – or the war which was just about to break out and which would have had grave consequences on the Outremer states – came to an end with John IIʼs sudden death in April 1143, preventing thus the military cooperation of the crusaders and Byzantium against the Arabs.
Keywords: Antioch, Raymond of Poitiers, Emperor John II, campaign in 1142–43, King Fulk of Jerusalem, Byzantine Empire, Saizar, Joscelin, Edessa, Zangi