Prostanthera, commonly known as mintbush or mint bush,[2] is a genus of about 100 species of flowering plants in the mint family Lamiaceae, and all are endemic to Australia. Plants are usually shrubs, rarely trees with leaves in opposite pairs. The flowers are arranged in panicles in the leaf axils or on the ends of branchlets. The sepals are joined at the base with two lobes. The petals are usually blue to purple or white, joined in a tube with two "lips", the lower lip with three lobes and the upper lip with two lobes or notched.
| Prostanthera | |
|---|---|
| |
| Prostanthera althoferi | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Lamiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Prostantheroideae |
| Genus: | Prostanthera Labill.[1] |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Description
editPlants in the genus Prostanthera are usually shrubs or subshrubs, rarely trees, with leaves arranged in opposite pairs. The flowers are arranged in panicles in leaf axils or on the ends of branchlets with bracts and bracteoles at the base. The sepals are joined at the base but with two lobes. The petals form a tube with two lips, the lower lip with three, usually spreading lobes and the upper lip with two lobes or a notch at the tip. The petal tube is bluish purple to white or more or less red. There are four stamens, the anthers often with a small appendage. The ovary has four lobes and the tip of the stigma has two branches.[2][3][4]
Taxonomy
editThe genus Prostanthera was first formally described in 1806 by Jacques Labillardière in his book Novae Hollandiae Plantarum Specimen and the first species he described was Prostanthera lasianthos.[5][6] The word is derived from the Greek for an appendage. Within the flowers are small spur-like appendages on the anthers.[7]
Ecology
editProstanthera species are used as food plants by the larvae of hepialid moths of the genus Aenetus including A. eximia and A. ligniveren.
Uses
editMint bushes are cultivated as ornamentals and for essential oils and spices.[8][9][10]
Species list
editThe following is a list of species accepted at the Australian Plant Census as at August 2020:[11]
- Prostanthera albiflora B.J.Conn (W.A.)
- Prostanthera albohirta C.T.White (Qld.)
- Prostanthera althoferi B.J.Conn (W.A., N.T., S.A.)
- Prostanthera althoferi B.J.Conn subsp. althoferi (W.A.)
- Prostanthera althoferi subsp. longifolia B.J.Conn (N.T., S.A.)
- Prostanthera ammophila B.J.Conn (S.A.)
- Prostanthera arapilensis M.L.Williams, Drinnan & N.G.Walsh (Vic.)
- Prostanthera askania B.J.Conn (N.S.W.) – tranquility mint-bush
- Prostanthera aspalathoides A.Cunn. ex Benth. (S.A., N.S.W., Vic.) – scarlet mint-bush
- Prostanthera athertoniana B.J.Conn & T.C.Wilson (Qld.)
- Prostanthera baxteri A.Cunn. ex Benth. (W.A.)
- Prostanthera behriana Schltdl. (S.A.)
- Prostanthera caerulea R.Br. (N.S.W.) – lilac mint-bush
- Prostanthera calycina F.Muell. ex Benth. (S.A.) – west coast mint-bush
- Prostanthera campbellii F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Prostanthera canaliculata F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Prostanthera carrickiana B.J.Conn (W.A.) – Carrick's mintbush
- Prostanthera centralis B.J.Conn (W.A., N.T.)
- Prostanthera chlorantha (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. (S.A.) – green mintbush
- Prostanthera cineolifera R.T.Baker & H.G.Sm. (N.S.W.) – Singleton mint bush
- Prostanthera clotteniana (F.M.Bailey.) A.R.Bean (Qld.)
- Prostanthera collina Domin (Qld.)
- Prostanthera conniana T.C.Wilson (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera cruciflora J.H.Willis (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera cryptandroides A.Cunn. ex Benth. (Qld., N.S.W.)- Wollemi mint-bush
- Prostanthera cryptandroides A.Cunn. ex Benth. subsp. cryptandroides (N.S.W.) – Wollemi mint-bush
- Prostanthera cryptandroides subsp. euphrasioides (Benth.) B.J.Conn (Qld., N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera cuneata Benth. (N.S.W.) – alpine mint-bush
- Prostanthera decussata F.Muell. (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic.) – dense mintbush
- Prostanthera densa A.A.Ham. (N.S.W.) – villous mint-bush
- Prostanthera denticulata R.Br. (N.S.W., Vic.) – rough mint-bush
- Prostanthera discolor R.T.Baker (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera eckersleyana F.Muell. (W.A.) – crinkly mint-bush
- Prostanthera eungella B.J.Conn & K.M.Proft (Qld.)
- Prostanthera eurybioides F.Muell. (S.A.) – Monarto mint-bush
- Prostanthera ferricola B.J.Conn & K.A.Sheph. (W.A.)
- Prostanthera florifera B.J.Conn (S.A.) – Gawler Ranges mintbush
- Prostanthera galbraithiae B.J.Conn (Vic.) – Wellington mint-bush
- Prostanthera gilesii Althofer ex B.J.Conn & T.C.Wilson (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera granitica Maiden & Betche (Qld., N.S.W.) – granite mint-bush
- Prostanthera grylloana F.Muell. (W.A.)
- Prostanthera hindii B.J.Conn (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera hirtula F.Muell. ex Benth. (N.S.W., Vic.)
- Prostanthera howelliae Blakely (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera incana A.Cunn. ex Benth. (N.S.W., Vic.) - velvet mint-bush
- Prostanthera incisa R.Br. (Qld., N.S.W., Vic.) – cut-leaved mint-bush
- Prostanthera incurvata B.J.Conn (W.A.)
- Prostanthera junonis B.J.Conn (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera lanceolata Domin (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera laricoides B.J.Conn (W.A.)
- Prostanthera lasianthos Labill. (Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., Tas.) – Victorian Christmas bush
- Prostanthera leichhardtii Benth. (Qld.)
- Prostanthera linearis R.Br. (Qld., N.S.W.) – narrow-leaved mint-bush
- Prostanthera lithospermoides F.Muell. (Qld.)
- Prostanthera magnifica C.A.Gardner (W.A.) – magnificent mint-bush
- Prostanthera makinsonii B.J.Conn & T.C.Wilson (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera marifolia R.Br. (N.S.W.) – Seaforth mint-bush
- Prostanthera megacalyx C.T.White & W.D.Francis (Qld.)
- Prostanthera melissifolia F.Muell. (N.S.W., Vic.) – balm mint-bush
- Prostanthera monticola B.J.Conn (N.S.W., Vic.) – monkey mint-bush, buffalo mint-bush
- Prostanthera mulliganensis B.J.Conn & T.C.Wilson (Qld.)
- Prostanthera nanophylla B.J.Conn (W.A.)
- Prostanthera nivea A.Cunn. ex Benth. (Qld., N.S.W., Vic.) – snowy mint-bush
- Prostanthera nivea var. induta Benth. (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera nivea A.Cunn. ex Benth. var. nivea (N.S.W., Vic.)
- Prostanthera nudula J.M.Black ex E.L.Robertson (S.A.)
- Prostanthera oleoides T.C.Wilson & B.J.Conn (Qld.)
- Prostanthera ovalifolia R.Br. (Qld., N.S.W., Vic.) – mint bush
- Prostanthera palustris B.J.Conn (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera parvifolia Domin (Qld.)
- Prostanthera patens B.J.Conn (W.A.)
- Prostanthera pedicellata B.J.Conn (W.A.)
- Prostanthera petraea B.J.Conn (Qld., N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera petrophila B.J.Conn (W.A.)
- Prostanthera phylicifolia F.Muell. (Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic.) – spiked mint-bush
- Prostanthera porcata B.J.Conn (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera prostantheroides (F.Muell.) T.C.Wilson, M.J.Henwood & B.J.Conn (W.A.)
- Prostanthera prunelloides R.Br. (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera rhombea R.Br. (N.S.W., Vic.) - sparkling mint-bush
- Prostanthera ringens Benth. (Qld., N.S.W.) – gaping mint-bush
- Prostanthera rotundifolia R.Br. (N.S.W., Vic., Tas.) – round-leaf mint-bush
- Prostanthera rugosa A.Cunn. ex Benth. (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera saxicola R.Br. (Qld., N.S.W., Vic.)
- Prostanthera saxicola var. bracteolata J.H.Willis (Qld., N.S.W., Vic.)
- Prostanthera saxicola var. major Benth. (Qld., N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera saxicola var. montana A.A.Ham. (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera saxicola R.Br. var. saxicola (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera schultzii F.Muell. ex Tate (N.T.)
- Prostanthera scutata C.A.Gardner (W.A.)
- Prostanthera scutellarioides (R.Br.) Briq. (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera sejuncta M.L.Williams, Drinnan & N.G.Walsh (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera semiteres B.J.Conn (W.A.)
- Prostanthera semiteres subsp. intricata B.J.Conn (W.A.)
- Prostanthera semiteres B.J.Conn subsp. semiteres (W.A.)
- Prostanthera sericea (J.M.Black) B.J.Conn (W.A., N.T., S.A.)
- Prostanthera serpyllifolia (R.Br.) Briq. (W.A., S.A., N.S.W., Vic.) – small-leaved mint-bush
- Prostanthera serpyllifolia subsp. microphylla (R.Br.) B.J.Conn (N.S.W., S.A., Vic., W.A.)
- Prostanthera serpyllifolia (R.Br.) Briq. subsp. serpyllifolia (S.A., W.A.)
- Prostanthera spinosa F.Muell. (S.A., Vic.) – spiny mint-bush
- Prostanthera splendens B.J.Conn (W.A.)
- Prostanthera staurophylla F.Muell. (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera stenophylla B.J.Conn (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera striatiflora F.Muell. (W.A., N.T., S.A., N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera stricta R.T.Baker (N.S.W.) – Mount Vincent mint-bush
- Prostanthera suborbicularis C.T.White & W.D.Francis (Qld.)
- Prostanthera tallowa B.J.Conn & T.C.Wilson (N.S.W.)
- Prostanthera teretifolia Maiden & Betche (N.S.W.) – turpentine mint-bush
- Prostanthera tozerana B.J.Conn & T.C.Wilson (Qld.)
- Prostanthera tysoniana (Carrick) B.J.Conn (W.A.)
- Prostanthera verticillaris B.J.Conn (W.A.)
- Prostanthera violacea R.Br. (N.S.W.) – violet mint-bush
- Prostanthera walteri F.Muell. (N.S.W., Vic.) – blotchy mint-bush
- Prostanthera wilkieana F.Muell. (W.A., N.T., S.A.)
References
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Prostanthera.
- ^ a b "Prostanthera". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
- ^ a b Conn, Barry J.; Murray, Louisa. "Genus Prostanthera". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
- ^ Conn, Barry J. "Prostanthera". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
- ^ "Prostanthera". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
- ^ "Prostanthera". APNI. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
- ^ Labillardière, Jacques (1806). Novae Hollandiae Plantarum Specimen. Paris: Ex typographia Dominæ Huzard,1804-1806. pp. 18–19. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
- ^ Les Robinson, Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney, ISBN 978-0-7318-1211-0 page 180
- ^ RHS A–Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
- ^ Althofer, G.W. (1978). Cradle of Incense: The Story of Australian Prostanthera. New South Wales: Society for Growing Australian Plants. OCLC 13244976.
- ^ Sadgrove NJ, Padilla-González GF, Telford IR, Greatrex BW, Jones GL, Andrew R, Bruhl JJ, Langat MK, Melnikovova I, Fernandez-Cusimamani E (2020). "Prostanthera (Lamiaceae) as a 'Cradle of Incense': Chemophenetics of Rare Essential Oils from Both New and Forgotten Australian 'Mint Bush' Species". Plants. 9 (11): 1570. doi:10.3390/plants9111570. PMC 7696040. PMID 33202983.
- ^ "Prostanthera". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
External links
edit- "Prostanthera Labill. — Mint-Bushes". Atlas of Living Australia.