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Wiktionary

垢

垢 U+57A2, 垢
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-57A2
← 垡
[U+57A1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 垣 →
[U+57A3]

Translingual

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Han character

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垢 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土竹一口 (GHMR), four-corner 42161, composition ⿰土后)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 228, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5058
  • Dae Jaweon: page 464, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 440, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+57A2

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 垢
alternative forms 坸
𡊦

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (后) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
垢 *koːʔ
詬 *koːʔ, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs
茩 *koːʔ
姤 *koːs
銗 *ɡoː
骺 *ɡoː
后 *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs
垕 *ɡoːʔ
郈 *ɡoːʔ
逅 *ɡoːs
鲘
缿 *ɡoːs, *ɡroːŋʔ

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • káu - vernacular;
  • kió/kó͘ - literary.
Note:
  • gao2 - vernacular;
  • gou3 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 垢
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 侯 (137)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 古厚切
    Baxter kuwX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kəuX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kəuX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kəuX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kəwX/
    Li
    Rong         		/kuX/
    Wang
    Li         		/kəuX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/kə̯uX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		gǒu
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gau2
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 垢
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5160
    Phonetic
    component         		后
    Rime
    group         		侯
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		苟
    Old
    Chinese         		/*koːʔ/

    Definitions

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    垢

    1. filth; dirt
      油垢  ―  yóugòu  ―  greasy dirt
    2. filthy
    3. (obsolete) dust
    4. (literary) shame
      alt. forms: 詬／诟 (gòu)

    Synonyms

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    Dialectal synonyms of 皴 (“grime on one's skin”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 污垢
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 皴兒, 皴, 泥兒, 泥拘拘兒, 泥拘溜兒, 泥卷兒
    Taiwan 污垢
    Harbin 皴
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 垢圿
    Xi'an 垢圿
    Xuzhou 疙子
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 垢圿
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 垢圿
    Lanzhou 垢圿
    Ürümqi 垢圿
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 圿圿
    Wuhan 圪漬
    Guiyang 格膩
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 古漆頭兒, 古漆, 古𪣩
    Yangzhou 𪣩
    Cantonese Guangzhou 老泥
    Hong Kong 老泥
    Taishan 老泥
    Kaiping (Chikan) 老泥
    Dongguan 老絡
    Gan Nanchang 垢圿
    Pingxiang 老㿸, 㿸
    Hakka Meixian 㿸
    Xingning 㿸, 㿸膠哩
    Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) 㿸, 老絡, 老泥
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 㿸
    Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian) 㿸
    Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian) 㿸
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 㿸
    Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 㿸
    Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 㿸
    Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 㿸
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 㿸
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 㿸
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 㿸
    Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 㿸
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 㿸
    Hong Kong 㿸牯
    Jin Taiyuan 圪搓搓
    Xinzhou 黑水
    Northern Min Jian'ou 垢
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 垢
    Southern Min Xiamen 鉎, 垢圿
    Quanzhou 垢圿
    Zhao'an 垢糗
    Taipei 鉎
    New Taipei (Tamsui) 鉎
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 鉎
    New Taipei (Pingxi) 鉎
    Kaohsiung 鉎
    Kaohsiung (Cijin) 鉎
    Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 鉎
    Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 鉎
    Kaohsiung (Tianliao) 鉎
    Yilan (Luodong) 鉎
    Yilan (Toucheng) 鉎
    Tainan 鉎, 垢圿鉎
    Tainan (Anping) 鉎
    Kinmen 鉎
    Penghu (Magong) 鉎
    Penghu (Xiyu) 鉎
    Manila (Hokkien) 垢圿
    Shantou 垢圿
    Jieyang 垢圿, 垢圿丸
    Leizhou 垢圿
    Haikou 垢圿
    Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 㾪塗
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 老泥
    Wu Shanghai 𪣩, 老𪣩
    Shanghai (Songjiang) 污垽
    Shanghai (Jiading) 𪣩, 老𪣩
    Danyang 𪣩
    Ningbo 泥鏽
    Wenzhou 零藏
    Xiang Changsha 㿸圿子, 㿸

    Compounds

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    垢

    (Hyōgai kanji)

    1. grime

    Readings

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    • Go-on: く (ku)
    • Kan-on: こう (kō)
    • Kun: あか (aka, 垢)、はじ (haji, 垢)

    Compounds

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    Compounds

    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    垢
    あか
    Hyōgai
    kun'yomi

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    垢(あか) • (aka) 

    1. scum
    2. dirt

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    垢
    あか
    Hyōgai
    (ateji)
    kun'yomi

    ateji (当て字), short for English account.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    垢(あか) or 垢(アカ) • (aka) 

    1. (slang, computing) account
      垢(あか)BAN(バン)
      aka-ban
      ban of one's account; account ban
      さっきプレミアム垢(あか)にしてきたので画質(がしつ)テスト版(ばん)です。[1]
      Sakki puremiamu aka ni shitekita no de gashitsu tesuto ban desu.
      I just made my account a premium account, so this is a video quality test version.

    Etymology 3

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    Kanji in this term
    垢
    く
    Hyōgai
    on'yomi

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    垢(く) • (ku) 

    1. klesha

    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    垢 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    垢: Hán Nôm readings: cấu, cáu

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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