grade
English
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Middle French grade (“a grade, degree”), from Latin gradus (“a step, pace, degree”), from Proto-Italic *graðus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰradʰ-, *gʰredʰ- (“to walk, go”). Doublet of gradus.
Cognate with Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌸𐍃 (griþs, “step, grade”), Bavarian Gritt (“step, stride”), Lithuanian grìdiju (“to go, wander”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editgrade (plural grades)
- A rating.
- This fine-grade coin from 1837 is worth a good amount.
- I gave him a good grade for effort.
- (chiefly Canada, US, Philippines) Performance on a test or other evaluation(s), expressed by a number, letter, or other symbol; a score.
- Synonym: mark
- He got a good grade on the test.
- You need a grade of at least 80% in first-year calculus to be admitted to the CS major program.
- A degree or level of something; a position within a scale; a degree of quality.
- 1986–2012, paul wheaton permaculture, “Diatomaceous Earth (food grade): bug killer you can eat!”, in richsoil.com[1], retrieved 2014-03-17:
- There are a lot of varieties of diatomaceous earth, so when you are shopping, be sure to get the right stuff! Make sure that you get food grade diatomaceous earth. Some people make 3% of the food they eat be diatomaceous earth.
- (linguistics) Degree (any of the three stages (positive, comparative, superlative) in the comparison of an adjective or an adverb).
- A slope (up or down) of a roadway or other passage
- The grade of this hill is more than 5 percent.
- (Canada, US, Philippines, education) A level of primary and secondary education.
- Clancy is entering the fifth grade this year.
- Clancy starts grade five this year.
- (Canada, education) A student of a particular grade (used with the grade level).
- The grade fives are on a field trip.
- An area that has been flattened by a grader (construction machine).
- The level of the ground.
- This material absorbs moisture and is probably not a good choice for use below grade.
- (mathematics) A gradian.
- (geometry) In a linear system of divisors on an n-dimensional variety, the number of free intersection points of n generic divisors.
- A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating.
- 1836, John Greenleaf Whittier, Mogg Megone, A Poem, →OCLC:
- The whistle of the shot as it cuts the leaves / Of the maples around the church’s eaves— / And the grade of hatchets, fiercely thrown, / On wigwam-log, and tree, and stone.
- (systematics) A taxon united by a level of morphological or physiological complexity that is not a clade.
- (medicine) The degree of malignity of a tumor expressed on a scale.
- (ophthalmology, Philippines) An eyeglass prescription.
Synonyms
edit- (taxon that is not a clade): paraphyletic group
- (slope): gradient
Descendants
editTranslations
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Verb
editgrade (third-person singular simple present grades, present participle grading, simple past and past participle graded)
- (chiefly Canada, US) To assign scores to the components of an academic test, or to overall academic performance.
- To organize in grades.
- a graded reader
- To flatten, level, or smooth a large surface, especially with a grader.
- to grade land before building on it
- 2000, Bob Foster, Birdum or Bust!, Henley Beach, SA: Seaview Press, page 129:
- The shoulders are graded and the verges cleared well back to lessen the chances of hitting stray stock.
- (sewing) To remove or trim part of a seam allowance from a finished seam so as to reduce bulk and make the finished piece more even when turned right side out.
- (patternmaking) To increase or decrease the dimensions of a garment pattern from the initial base size in such a way that the overall proportions of the silhouette are maintained across all sizes.
- To apply classifying labels to data (typically by a manual rather than automatic process).
- Brain scans were graded on a five-point scale of atrophy.
- (linguistics) To describe, modify or inflect so as to classify as to degree.
- 1999, Jon Franco, Alazne Landa, Juan Martín, Grammatical Analyses in Basque and Romance Linguistics: Papers in Honor of Mario Saltarelli, John Benjamins Publishing, →ISBN, page 65:
- He has rightly observed that while -ísimo superlatives are typically prenominal, adjectives graded with the intensifier muy "very" are characteristically postnominal.
- 2014, Angela Downing, English Grammar: A University Course, Routledge, →ISBN, page 430:
- Adjectives graded for comparative and superlative degree can function both attributively and predicatively. Most descriptive adjectives are gradable: As modifiers of a noun Have you got a larger size? […]
- 2020, Prekmurje Slovene Grammar: Avgust Pavel’s Vend nyelvtan (1942), BRILL, →ISBN, page 82:
- Similarly to the Hungarian adjectives graded with the suffix -ik, in place of naj, najto, or, in agreement with the noun, -najte, -najta, -najto forms occur, e.g., najtolepsi or najtelepsi, najtelepsa, najtelepse 'most beautiful'.
- (intransitive) To pass imperceptibly from one grade into another.
- 1924, EM Forster, A Passage to India, Penguin, published 2005, page 34:
- And there were circles even beyond these – […] humanity grading and drifting beyond the educated vision, until no earthly invitation can embrace it.
- (Canada, no longer current, intransitive) To pass from one school grade into the next.
- I graded out of grade two and three and arrived in Miss Hanson's room.
Translations
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Derived terms
edit- 0th grade
- 10th grade
- 11th grade
- 12th grade
- 13th grade
- 1st grade
- 2nd grade
- 3rd grade
- 4th grade
- 5th grade
- 6th grade
- 7th grade
- 8th grade
- 9th grade
- age grade
- A-grade
- at grade
- at-grade
- beyond one's pay grade
- C-grade
- cross-grade
- downgrade
- e-grade
- eighth grade
- eleventh grade
- field grade
- fifth grade
- first grade
- food-grade
- fourth grade
- full-grade
- gradable
- grade 1
- grade 10
- grade 11
- grade 12
- grade 13
- grade 2
- grade 3
- grade 4
- grade 5
- grade 6
- grade 7
- grade 8
- grade 9
- grade-A
- gradebook
- grade crossing
- grade eight
- grade eleven
- grade five
- grade four
- grade grubber
- grade grubbing
- grade inflation
- grade nine
- grade on a curve
- grade one
- grade point
- grade point average
- grader
- grade school
- grade-separated
- grade seven
- grade six
- grade sixer
- grade system
- grade ten
- grade thirteen
- grade three
- grade twelve
- grade two
- gradient
- helper grade
- high-grade
- lengthened grade
- letter grade
- lieutenant junior grade
- low grade
- low-grade
- low-grade fever
- make the grade
- ninth grade
- o-grade
- passing grade
- pay grade
- pharmaceutical grade
- reserve grade
- ruling grade
- sashimi grade
- second grade
- seventh grade
- sixth grade
- slab on grade
- sushi grade
- tenth grade
- third grade
- thirteenth grade
- top-grade
- twelfth grade
- vanishing grade
- weapons-grade
- zero grade
- zero-grade
- zeroth grade
Anagrams
editAfrikaans
editNoun
editgrade
Chinese
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editPronunciation
edit- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gwei1
- Yale: gwēi
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwei1
- Guangdong Romanization: guéi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷei̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Noun
editgrade
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, chiefly university slang) grade
Derived terms
editEsperanto
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Adverb
editgrade
Synonyms
editFrench
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin gradus. Compare degré. Doublet of gradus.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editgrade m (plural grades)
- rank
- 1836, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, chapter XLII, in Louis Viardot, transl., L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manche, volume I, Paris: J[acques]-J[ulien] Dubochet et Cie, éditeurs, […], →OCLC:
- Ce que je puis dire, c’est que le choix qu’avait fait ce gentilhomme de la carrière des armes lui avait si bien réussi, qu’en peu d’années, par sa valeur et sa belle conduite, et sans autre appui que son mérite éclatant, il parvint au grade de capitaine d’infanterie, et se vit en passe d’être promu bientôt à celui de mestre de camp.
- What I can say, is that the choice that this gentleman made concerning the career of arms succeeded well for him, that in few years, by his valour and good conduct, and without any support other than his shining merit, he reached the rank of captain of infantry, and saw himself in a position to be soon promoted to that of master of corps.
- (geometry) gradian
Synonyms
editDerived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
edit- → Romanian: grad
Further reading
edit- “grade”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician
editEtymology 1
edit13th century. From Old Galician-Portuguese grade (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin cratis, cratem (“wickerwork”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editgrade f (plural grades)
- (archaic) cage
- grate (metal grille)
- harrow (device dragged across ploughed land to smooth the soil)
- 1474, Antonio López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 74:
- Iten, preçaron duas grades e hun chedeiro e dous temoos de cerna, a parte dos menores em quorenta :XL -? maravedis
- Item, they appraised two harrows, a cart's bed and two shafts of heartwood, the part corresponding to the kids, 40 coins
- any similarly formed frame or structure
- common starfish (Asterias rubens)
- Synonyms: estrela do mar, rapacricas
- Ursa Major
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “grade”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “grade”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “grade”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “grade”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “grade”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Etymology 2
editVerb
editgrade
- inflection of gradar:
German
editEtymology
editContraction of gerade.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editgrade
- (colloquial) Alternative form of gerade
Further reading
editPortuguese
editPronunciation
edit
- Hyphenation: gra‧de
Etymology 1
editFrom Old Galician-Portuguese grade, from Latin crātis, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *krtis.
Noun
editgrade f (plural grades)
- grate (metal grille)
- a light fence
- harrow (device dragged across ploughed land to smooth the soil)
- grid
Etymology 2
editVerb
editgrade
- inflection of gradar:
Romanian
editPronunciation
editNoun
editgrade n
- indefinite plural of grad
Serbo-Croatian
editNoun
editgrade (Cyrillic spelling граде)
Spanish
editVerb
editgrade
- inflection of gradar:
- English terms borrowed from Middle French
- English terms derived from Middle French
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Proto-Italic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English doublets
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English terms with homophones
- Rhymes:English/eɪd
- Rhymes:English/eɪd/1 syllable
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with usage examples
- Canadian English
- American English
- Philippine English
- English terms with quotations
- en:Linguistics
- en:Education
- en:Mathematics
- en:Geometry
- en:Taxonomy
- en:Medicine
- en:Ophthalmology
- English verbs
- en:Sewing
- English intransitive verbs
- Afrikaans non-lemma forms
- Afrikaans noun forms
- Cantonese terms borrowed from English
- Cantonese terms derived from English
- Chinese lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms written in foreign scripts
- Hong Kong Cantonese
- zh:Universities
- Chinese student slang
- Esperanto terms suffixed with -e
- Esperanto terms with audio links
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto adverbs
- French terms borrowed from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French doublets
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- Rhymes:French/ad
- French terms with homophones
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- French terms with quotations
- fr:Geometry
- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms inherited from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician lemmas
- Galician nouns
- Galician countable nouns
- Galician feminine nouns
- Galician terms with archaic senses
- Galician terms with quotations
- Galician non-lemma forms
- Galician verb forms
- German contractions
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German adverbs
- German colloquialisms
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese feminine nouns
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese verb forms
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian non-lemma forms
- Romanian noun forms
- Serbo-Croatian non-lemma forms
- Serbo-Croatian noun forms
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish verb forms