1947 Nobel Prize in Literature
 1947 Nobel Prize in Literature | |
|---|---|
| André Gide | |
 "for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight" | |
| Date |
|
| Location | Stockholm, Sweden |
| Presented by | Swedish Academy |
| First awarded | 1901 |
| Website | Official website |
The 1947 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the French author André Gide "for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight".[1][2]
Laureate
[edit]André Gide's early works such as the prose poem Les nourritures terrestres ("Fruits of the Earth", 1897) were influenced by French symbolism. Later notable works include The L'Immoraliste ("The Immoralist", 1902), La Porte Étroite ("Strait is the Gate", 1907) and La Symphonie pastorale ("The Pastoral Symphony", 1919). The autobiographical Si le grain ne meurt ("If It Die...", 1924) is regarded as one of the great works of confessional literature. In 1926, his most complex novel Les faux-monnayeurs ("The Counterfeiters") was published.[3]
Deliberations
[edit]Nominations
[edit]André Gide had only been nominated for the prize once before in 1946.[4] In 1947, the Nobel committee received 43 nominations for 35 writers including T. S. Eliot (awarded in 1948), Boris Pasternak (awarded in 1958), Teixeira de Pascoaes, Jules Romains, Angelos Sikelianos, Carl Sandburg, Georges Duhamel, Ignazio Silone, Benedetto Croce, Ramon Perez de Ayala, Arnulf Øverland, Johan Falkberget and Marie Under. Eleven were nominated first-time such as Pär Lagerkvist (awarded in 1951), Ernest Hemingway (awarded in 1954), Mikhail Sholokov (awarded in 1965), Shmuel Yosef Agnon (awarded in 1966), Toyohiko Kagawa, Georgios Drossinis, Nikos Kazantzakis, Bernard O'Dowd and André Malraux. Most nominations were submitted for Henriette Charasson and Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz with three nominations each. Four were female nominees namely Henriette Charasson, Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício, Maila Talvio and Marie Under.[5]
The authors James Agate, Marie Belloc Lowndes, J. D. Beresford, Tristan Bernard, Jean-Richard Bloch, Svend Borberg, Wolfgang Borchert, Margaret Cameron, Emilio Carrere, Willa Cather, Sigurd Christiansen, Winston Churchill, Morris Raphael Cohen, Ananda Coomaraswamy, Max Dessoir, Léon-Paul Fargue, Joaquín Gallegos Lara, Edith Maud Hull, Richard Le Gallienne, William Le Queux, Gurli Linder, Hugh Lofting, Manuel Machado, Arthur Machen, Emma Orczy, Nicholas Roerich, Margaret Marshall Saunders, Balys Sruoga, Flora Thompson, E. C. Vivian, Swami Vipulananda and Alfred North Whitehead died in 1947 without having been nominated for the prize.
| No. | Nominee | Country | Genre(s) | Nominator(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mark Aldanov (1886–1957) |  Soviet Union(  Ukraine) France
|
biography, novel, essays, literary criticism |  Ivan Bunin (1870–1953)
|
| 2 | Shmuel Yosef Agnon (1887–1970) |  Mandatory Palestine
|
novel, short story | Hugo Bergmann (1883–1975) |
| 3 | Sholem Asch (1880–1957) |  Poland United States
|
novel, short story, drama, essays | Walter Arthur Berendsohn (1884–1984) |
| 4 | Eugène Baie (1874–1964) |  Belgium
|
law, essays | Maurice Maeterlinck (1862–1949)
|
| 5 | Nikolai Berdyaev (1874–1948) | Soviet Union ( Ukraine)
|
philosophy, theology | Alf Nyman (1884–1968) |
| 6 | Henriette Charasson (1884–1972) | France
|
poetry, essays, drama, novel, literary criticism, biography |
|
| 7 | Benedetto Croce (1866–1952) |  Italy
|
history, philosophy, law | Bernardino Barbadoro (1889–1961) |
| 8 | Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício (1884–1947) |  Portugal
|
poetry, essays | António Baião (1878–1961) |
| 9 | Teixeira de Pascoaes (1877–1952) | Portugal
|
poetry | João António Mascarenhas Júdice (1898–1957) |
| 10 | Georgios Drossinis (1859–1951) |  Greece
|
poetry, novel, short story |
|
| 11 | Georges Duhamel (1884–1966) | France
|
novel, short story, poetry, drama, literary criticism |
|
| 12 | Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888–1965) | United States United Kingdom
|
poetry, essays, drama | Gustaf Hellström (1882–1953) |
| 13 | Johan Falkberget (1879–1967) |  Norway
|
novel, short story, essays |
|
| 14 | André Gide (1869–1951) | France
|
novel, short story, poetry, drama, memoir, essays | Lorentz Eckhoff (1884–1974) |
| 15 | Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961) | United States
|
novel, short story, screenplay | Hjalmar Gullberg (1898–1961) |
| 16 | Toyohiko Kagawa (1888–1960) |  Japan
|
essays | Knut Westman (1881–1967) |
| 17 | Horace Kallen (1882–1974) | United States
|
philosophy, essays | Louise Rosenblatt (1904–2005) |
| 18 | Nikos Kazantzakis (1883–1957) | Greece
|
novel, philosophy, essays, drama, memoir, translation | Nikos Athanasiou Veēs (1882–1958)[b] |
| 19 | Pär Lagerkvist (1891–1974) |  Sweden
|
poetry, novel, short story, drama | Henrik Schück (1855–1947) |
| 20 | André Malraux (1901–1976) | France
|
novel, essays, literary criticism | Henri Peyre (1901–1988) |
| 21 | Charles Langbridge Morgan (1894–1958) | United Kingdom
|
drama, novel, essays, poetry | Sigfrid Siwertz (1882–1970) |
| 22 | Bernard O'Dowd (1866–1953) |  Australia
|
poetry, essays |
|
| 23 | Arnulf Øverland (1889–1968) | Norway
|
poetry, essays | Harry Fett (1875–1962) |
| 24 | Boris Pasternak (1890–1960) | Soviet Union
|
poetry, novel, translation | Maurice Bowra (1898–1971) |
| 25 | Branislav Petronijević (1875–1954) |  Yugoslavia(  Serbia)
|
philosophy | Vladeta Popović (1894–1951) |
| 26 | Ramón Pérez de Ayala (1880–1962) |  Spain
|
novel, poetry, literary criticism | Edgar Allison Peers (1891–1952) |
| 27 | Charles Ferdinand Ramuz (1878–1947) |  Switzerland
|
novel, poetry, short story |
|
| 28 | Jules Romains (1885–1972) | France
|
poetry, drama, screenplay |
|
| 29 | Carl Sandburg (1878–1967) | United States
|
poetry, essays, biography | Einar Tegen (1884–1965) |
| 30 | Mikhail Sholokhov (1905–1984) | Soviet Union
|
novel | Henry Olsson (1896–1985) |
| 31 | Angelos Sikelianos (1884–1951) | Greece
|
poetry, drama | Nikos Athanasiou Veēs (1882–1958)[b] |
| 32 | Ignazio Silone (1900–1978) | Italy
|
novel, short story, essays, drama | Fredrik Böök (1883–1961) |
| 33 | Maila Talvio (1871–1951) |  Finland
|
novel, short story, translation | Veikko Antero Koskenniemi (1885–1962) |
| 34 | Marie Under (1883–1980) | Soviet Union (  Estonia)
|
poetry | Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862–1953) |
| 35 | Gregorios Xenopoulos (1867–1951) | Greece
|
novel, drama, essays, literary criticism | Iōannēs Kalitsounakēs (1878–1966)[a] |
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b Several other members of the Academy of Athens joined in the nomination.
- ^ a b Veēs suggests that the Prize be possibly shared by Sikelianos and Kazantzakis.
References
[edit]- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1947". nobelprize.org.
- ^ "Gide Gets Nobel Literature Prize". New York Times. 14 November 1947.
- ^ "André Gide". britannica.com.
- ^ "Nomination archive - André Gide". nobelprize.org.
- ^ "Nomination archive – 1947". nobelprize.org. April 2020.
External links
[edit]- Award ceremony speech by Anders Österling
