Jules Romains
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Jules Romains | |
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 Jules Romains, photo taken by Carl Van Vechten, 1936 | |
| Born | Louis Henri Jean Farigoule 26 August 1885 Saint-Julien-Chapteuil in the Haute-Loire |
| Died | 14 August 1972 (aged 86) Paris |
| Occupation | Poet and writer |
| Language | French |
| Education | lycée Condorcet École normale supérieure |
| Literary movement | Unanimism |
| Notable awards | elected to the Académie française |
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| President of PEN International | |
| In office October 1936 – October 1941 | |
| Preceded by | H. G. Wells |
| Succeeded by | Wartime International Presidential Committee (1941–47) |
| French and Francophone literature |
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Jules Romains (born Louis Henri Jean Farigoule; 26 August 1885 – 14 August 1972) was a French poet and writer and the founder of the Unanimism literary movement. His works include the play Knock ou le Triomphe de la médecine, and a cycle of works called Les Hommes de bonne volonté (Men of Good Will). Sinclair Lewis called him one of the six best novelists in the world.[1]
He was nominated for the Nobel prize in literature sixteen times.[2]
Life
[edit]Jules Romains was born in Saint-Julien-Chapteuil in the Haute-Loire but went to Paris to attend first the Lycée Condorcet and then the prestigious École Normale Supérieure. He was close to the Abbaye de Créteil, a utopian group founded in 1906 by Charles Vildrac and René Arcos, which brought together, among others, the writer Georges Duhamel, the painter Albert Gleizes and the musician Albert Doyen. He received his agrégation in philosophy in 1909.
In the interwar years, he pleaded the cause of pacifism and a united Europe against incipient fascism and despotism.[3] In 1927, he signed a petition (that appeared in the magazine Europe on 15 April) against the law on the general organization of the nation in time of war, abrogating all intellectual independence and all freedom of expression. His name on the petition appeared with those of Lucien Descaves, Louis Guilloux, Henry Poulaille, Séverine ... and those of the young Raymond Aron and Jean-Paul Sartre from the École normale supérieure.
His novel The Boys in the Back Room (Les Copains, literally "the pals") appeared in English in 1937.[4]
During World War II he went into exile first to the United States where he spoke on the radio through the Voice of America and then, beginning in 1941, to Mexico where he participated with other French refugees in founding the Institut Français d'Amérique Latine (IFAL).
A writer on many varied topics, Jules Romains was elected to the Académie française on 4 April 1946, occupying chair 12 (of 40). He served as President of PEN International, the worldwide association of writers from 1936 to 1941. In 1964, Jules Romains was named citizen of honor of Saint-Avertin. Following his death in Paris in 1972, his place in the Académie française was taken by Jean d'Ormesson.
He was criticized by writer and politician Aimé Césaire in the 1950 essay Discourse on Colonialism for racist statements by the title character of his novel Salsette Discovers America: "I will not even censure our Negroes and Negresses for chewing gum. I will only note ... that this movement has the effect of emphasizing the jaws, and that the associations which come to mind evoke the equatorial forest rather than the procession of the Panathenaea .... The black race has not yet produced, will never produce, an Einstein, a Stravinsky, a Gershwin."[5][6]
Unanimism
[edit]Jules Romains is remembered today, among other things, for his concept of Unanimism and his cycle of novels in Les Hommes de bonne volonté (The Men of Good Will), a remarkable literary fresco depicting the odyssey over a quarter century of two friends, the writer Jallez and politician Jerphanion, who provide an example in literature of Unanimism.
Romains originally considered unanimism to mean an opposition to individualism or to the exaltation of individual particularities, universal sympathy with life, existence and humanity. In later years, Romains defined it as connected with the end of literature within "representation of the world without judgment",[This quote needs a citation] where his social ideals comprise the highest conception of solidarity as a defense of individual rights. His first book was La vie unanime, published in 1904, and in the preface to Men of Goodwill he identified the ideas in it as essentially the same as those of that later work.[7]
In popular culture
[edit]The Red Envelope catalog company, in their 2007 Holiday catalog, surprisingly featured Les Createurs (the twelfth volume of Les Hommes de bonne volonté) on the cover in a photograph, showing a female model playfully frustrated with her husband, a male model posing as a detached intellectual, half-heartedly helping her to decorate the Christmas tree, while his attention is focused on reading Les Createurs.
Works
[edit]- Men of Goodwill (Les Hommes de bonne volonté, 1932-1946; 27 volumes Paris: Calmann Lévy)
- The body's rapture (Psyche), London: John Lane, 1933
- Salsette Discovers America, New York: Knopf, 1942
- Tussles with time (Violation de Frontières, 1951), London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1952
- The Death of a Nobody (Mort de quelqu'un, 1911)
Filmography
[edit]- Knock, directed by René Hervil (1925, based on the play Knock)
- Knock ou le triomphe de la médecine, directed by Roger Goupillières and Louis Jouvet (1933, based on the play Knock)
- Donogoo Tonka, directed by Reinhold Schünzel (1936, based on the play Donogoo)
- Donogoo, directed by Reinhold Schünzel and Henri Chomette (1936, based on the play Donogoo)
- Dr. Knock, directed by Guy Lefranc (1951, based on the play Knock)
- Les Copains, directed by Yves Robert (1965, based on the novel Les Copains)
- Knock, directed by Lorraine Lévy (2017, based on the play Knock)
Screenwriter
[edit]- The Portrait (1923), directed by Jacques Feyder (1923)
- Volpone, directed by Maurice Tourneur (1941)
References
[edit]- ^ Marino, Andy (2000). A Quiet American: The Secret War of Varian Fry. Macmillan. p. 46.
- ^ "Nomination Database". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
- ^ Reilly, Brian J. (2007). The Columbia History of Twentieth-century French Thought. Columbia University Press. p. 232.
- ^ Mangione, Jerre Gerlando (1978). An Ethnic at Large: A Memoir of America in the Thirties and Forties. Syracuse University Press. p. 154. ISBN 9780815607168. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
- ^ Césaire, Aimé (2000). Discourse on Colonialism (PDF). New York: Monthly Review Press. pp. 51, 99–100 (footnote 5).
- ^ The quoted statements do not appear in the 1942 English-language first edition of the novel, but only in an expanded 1950 French-language second edition.
- ^ Bergholz, Harry (April 1951). "Jules Romains and His "Men of Good Will"". The Modern Language Journal. 35 (4): 303–309. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1951.tb01639.x. JSTOR 319619.
Bibliography
[edit]- Mauthner, Martin, Otto Abetz and His Paris Acolytes - French Writers Who Flirted with Fascism, 1930–1945. Sussex Academic Press, 2016, (ISBN 978-1-84519-784-1)
- Jules-Romains, Lise, Les vie inimitables, Souvenirs, Paris: Flammarion, 1985.
External links
[edit]- Poems by Jules Romains
- Review of Salsette Discovers America (1942) in The New York Times
- PEN International
- Newspaper clippings about Jules Romains in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
- Portrait de Jules Romains in charcoal (1939) by his close friend Charles Picart Le Doux
- Portrait de Jules Romains (1935) by Jean de Botton at the Centre national des arts plastiques
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