National anthem of Catalonia, Spain
Els Segadors English: The Reapers Catalonia Lyrics Emili Guanyavents, 1899 Music Francesc Alió , 1892Adopted 1993 Instrumental recording of the anthem
Official orchestral and choral vocal recording (sung in Standard Central Catalan ) "Els Segadors " (Eastern Calatan: [əls səɣəˈðos] Western Calatan: [els seɣaˈðos] national anthem [ 1] Catalonia , nationality [ 2] autonomous community of Spain .
The Reapers' War "Corpus de Sang" (1640). Painted in 1910 Portrait of Francesc Alió, composer of the music The original song dates in the oral tradition to 1640, based on the events of June 1640 known as Corpus de Sang Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) between Spain, England, France and Austria, the event that started the Reapers' War or Guerra dels Segadors [ 3] Count-Duke of Olivares , the chief minister of King Philip IV of Spain , and eventually led to an open war and the establishment of a Catalan Republic under French protection .
The song describes the events, an uprising of peasants due to the large and burdensome presence of the Spanish Royal army in the Principality of Catalonia , as they were required to lodge and provision the troops, thus leading to a large tension and discomfort and the outbreak of episodes such as religious sacrileges, destruction of personal properties, and rape of women by the soldiers. The second part of the song tells the arrival of the rebel reapers in Barcelona, who kill various guards, the royal officers and the viceroy of Catalonia , Dalmau de Queralt , ending with the exhortation to Catalans to take the arms, as they are at war.
In the 19th century, the text was compiled in the Romancillero Catalán , a book of folk traditions written by Manuel Milà i Fontanals . The music was standardized by Francesc Alió in 1892.[ 3] Emili Guanyavents , who won a competition convened by the political party Unió Catalanista in 1899, simplifying the text to three verses. At the time, the change of lyrics caused some controversy among conservative elements, as Guanyavents, coming from sectors close to anarchism , gave them a revolutionary tone.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, "Els Segadors" became one of the most relevant symbols of Catalanism and Catalonia itself, increasing its popularity during the Second Spanish Republic and the Civil War . Despite an early attempt of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Catalan autonomous government) in 1931 to replace it with another song, "El Cant del Poble ", "Els Segadors" remained highly popular, often treated by Catalan government and population as the national anthem. The dictatorship of Francisco Franco (1939–1975) banned the public use of Catalan national symbolism as part of the broad anti-Catalanist policies, among them "Els Segadors". Tolerated songs, such as the "Virolai " or "La Santa Espina ", were often played in its place to express Catalan identity.
After decades being use de facto, often alongside the "Cant de la Senyera ", the Catalan government officially adopted "Els Segadors" as the national anthem of Catalonia on 25 February 1993, by law of the Catatalan parliament . The official version was made in 1994. The new Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006 confirms this decision by its article 8.4, in which is explicitly defined as a national symbol of Catalonia, alongide the National Day and the flag .[ 4]
Catalan original (official)[ 5] [ 6] Central Catalan (Eastern ) IPA [ a] North-Western Catalan (Western ) IPA [ a] Poetic English translation
Occitan translation
Spanish translation
I Tornada: II Tornada III Tornada
1 [t̪uɾ.ˈna.ð̞ə] 2 [t̪uɾ.ˈna.ð̞ə] 3 [tuɾ.ˈna.ð̞ə]
1 [t̪oɾ.ˈna.ð̞a] 2 [t̪oɾ.ˈna.ð̞a] 3 [t̪oɾ.ˈna.ð̞a]
I Chorus: II Chorus III Chorus
I Arrepic: II Arrepic III Arrepic
I Estribillo: II Estribillo III Estribillo
Original lyrics: pre-1899 [ edit ]
Catalan original[ 7]
English translation
Spanish translation[ 8]
I [ b] II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI
I II III Riudarenes ,IV habits and chasubles chalices and the patens .V Blessed Sacrament Mass was being held.VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI
Recordings and variations [ edit ] An arrangement of "Els Segadors" appears on "Ballad of the Fallen" by Charlie Haden (1983).
Contemporary Catalan composer Jordi Savall made a version of the folk song,[ 11] Traditional Catalan Songs
In October 2017, in the aftermath of the Catalan independence referendum , the American band A Sound of Thunder released a heavy metal variation of the anthem, using a mix of English and Catalan lyrics.[ 12]
^ "Law 1/1993, 25 February, of the national anthem" . dogc.vlex.es. Retrieved 14 September 2019 .^ "First article of the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia. 'Catalonia, as a nationality, exercises its self-government constituted as an autonomous community...' . gencat.cat. Retrieved 30 June 2018 .^ a b "Generalitat de Catalunya: National symbols" . Archived from the original on 2013-10-16.^ "Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, Article 8.1: "The flag, the holiday and the anthem are the national symbols of Catalonia, defined as a nationality by Article 1" (PDF) . parlament.cat. Retrieved 14 September 2019 .^ "Todo sobre 'Els Segadors': la letra y su significado" . El Plural . 2017-09-20.^ "National anthem" . Gencat.cat .^ Muntaner, Josep Massot i; Pueyo, Salvador; Martorell, Oriol (1993). Els segadors: himne nacional de Catalunya ISBN 978-84-7826-464-3 ^ Oliver y Castañer, Jaime (May 1900). Los Segadors: Estudio histórico-político de literatura popular catalana ^ Vergés, Oriol; Cruañas, Josep (1982). La Generalitat en la història de Catalunya ISBN 978-84-500-8153-4 ^ Schädel, Bernhard (1908). Manual de fonètica catalana ^ "CANÇONS DE LA CATALUNYA MIL·LENÀRIA. Planys & Llegendes – Alia Vox" . www.alia-vox.com . Retrieved 2022-01-09 .^ https://www.asoundofthunderband.com/single-post/2017/10/05/Hola-Catalunya [dead link
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