Portal:Anarchism/Anniversaries/June

These are the selected anniversaries for June that appear on the Anarchism portal. The "edit" links edit the portal subpages that are displayed as sections here.

June 1

1873 - Albert Laisant born (1873-1928). Son of Charles Ange Laisant (1841-1920). Introduced to anarchist ideas by Sébastien Faure, Albert turns the whole family into anarchists, including his father & his two sons, Maurice & Charles. Also devoted to freemasonry.
1907 - In Los Angeles, Ricardo Flores Magón, Librado Rivera & Antonio I. Villarreal, all on the run with bounties on their heads, clandestinely publish the premier issue of "Revolución."
1912 - Emma Goldman, anarchist feminist, continues lecture tour in Portland, Oregon.
1917- At a peace meeting in Madison Square Garden, Morris Becker, Louis Kramer, & two others are arrested for circulating leaflets advertising a June 4 mass meeting of the No-Conscription League.
1929 - At a meeting in Peking of the KAFC (Korean Anarchist Federation in China) it is decided to divert all resources outside Korea itself to Manchuria & most KAFC members moved to the anarchist zone, the Shinmin region in northern Manchuria.

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June 2

1906 - After having attempted to kill Alfonso XIII of Spain at his wedding, Catalan anarchist Mateu Morral (pictured) killed the guard transporting him to prison, and then committed suicide.
1876 - Christo Botev (Khristo Bôtef) (1848-1876) dies. Bulgarian poet & revolutionist, propagandist, writer; first Bulgarian anarchist. Leads a partisan army of 200 fighters into Bulgaria to overthrow Ottoman rule. Dies in battle.
1890 - Louise Michel's political opponents attempt to place her in an insane asylum. Michel flees to England.
1919 - Anarchists influenced by Luigi Galleani carry out a series of coordinated bombings across the eastern United States. Explosions also damage the homes of Attorney General Alexander Mitchell Palmer & Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt; the bomber is killed in the process.
1919 - Luigi Bertoni & Italian anarchists, implicated in the "Plot of Zurich", appear in a Swiss court today, after being held in detention the previous 13 months. The so-called "plot" was a political pretext to arrest Bertoni, publisher of "Le Réveil communiste anarchiste", & others opposing World War I. A nationwide protest movement agitated for their release.
1925 - Gueorgui Cheitanov dies (1896 &ndash 1925). Anarchist militant captured & executed, along with his companion Mariola Sirakova & others, by the Aleksandar Tsankov led government during a crackdown on leftists following a Communist bombing in Sofia.
1944 - Benoît Broutchoux dies (1879-1944). French anarchist, adherent of Neo-Malthusianism ideas & a "free love" advocate.
1970 - Lucía Sánchez Saornil (1895-1970) dies in Valence. Spanish poet, painter & militant anarchist-feminist. A founder of the famed "Mujeres Libres."
1991 - Procession in Sofia to the monument of Christo Botev, the first Bulgarian anarchist & national hero, who perished in the struggle for liberation of Bulgaria from Turkish power today in 1876 (noted above).
1997 - Richard "Tet" Tetenbaum dies. San Franciscan anarchist activist, co-founder of Bound Together Anarchist Books, where he worked for 20 years. 200 attend his memorial.

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June 3

1840 - Jean-Louis Pindy born (1840-1917), Brest, France. Member of the Internationale, communard, anarchiste, carpenter.
1896 - Spanish anarchist Isaac Puente born (1836-1936).
1918 - During this month Emma Goldman is in prison in Missouri for exercising free speech.
1921 - Alexander Berkman sustains a foot injury, delaying his departure with Emma Goldman from Bolshevist Russia.
1921 - In the Sacco & Vanzetti case, after several days of voir dire, only seven jurors have been selected & the entire panel of 500 people exhausted. The Court directs the Sheriff to bring in 200 more potential jurors.
1967 - René-Louis Lafforgue dies (1928-1967) in a car accident in southern France. Singer, typesetter, interpreter, anarchist.
1979 - Gladys Gogoan, Spanish anarchist, murdered by the Civil Guard during Earth Day protests, in Tudela.
2005 - Mary Frohman dies, of a heart attack while waiting for a bus. Anarchist, member of the Industrial Workers of the World, druggie, singer & guitarist, part of the DeHorn Crew (the Chicago IWW's house band & a filk outfit -- "Run, Cthulhu, Run"), perhaps the fortune-telling character Mama Sutra in the comic cult novel Illuminatus!.

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June 4

1848 - During this month Mikhail Bakunin participates in Slav Congress in Czechoslovakia, where he speaks & presents papers; he also participates in the Whitsuntide insurrection here. Also during this month, Karl Marx publishes a false report that Bakunin is a Russian agent responsible for the arrest of Poles.
1850 - During this month Mikhail Bakunin's death sentence is commuted to life imprisonment in Germany. Extradited to Austria, he is imprisoned in Prague. (He was condemned to death on January 14, 1850 while held in the Königstein fortress.)
1857 - John William Lloyd born (1857- 194?), Westfield, New Jersey. Anarchist, poet, writer, doctor, editor of "Free Comrade," & wrote for Benjamin Tucker's Liberty. He was known as the "drugless physician."
1861 - During this month Mikhail Bakunin escapes from Siberia (today or tomorrow), via the Amur River, arriving in Nikolavsk in July; he sails on the Strelok to Kastri where he boards an American merchant ship, Vickery, to Hakodate, Japan.
1898 - Laurance Labadie born (1898-1975), Individualist anarchist, son of Joseph Labadie.
1917 - On the eve of the official military registration day, Emma Goldman, among others, addresses a mass meeting organized by the No-Conscription League.
1919 - Nestor Makhno is declared an outlaw by Bolshevik government.
1928 - The Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin is assassinated by the Empire of Japan, leaving behind a power vacuum which eventually led to the formation of the Korean People's Association in Manchuria.
1986 - Umberto Marzocchi (1900-1986) dies. Italian anarchist shipyard worker, and maqui partisan.

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June 5

1870 - During this month Mikhail Bakunin breaks relations with Sergey Nechayev.
1871 - Michele Angiolillo born, Foggia. Typographer, anarchist, proponent of propaganda of the deed.
1873 - Proclamation of the First Spanish Republic. Francisco Pi y Margall (pictured) assumes Presidency. Advocates Federalist program inspired by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, becoming popular among Spanish anarchists. Andalusia & several cities in the southeast establish a libertarian federalism. Pi y Margall is promptly overthrown by Monarchist forces. The town of Carthagène resists a government takeover for several months.
1878 - Karl Eduard Nobiling (1848-1878) dies. Doctor of philosophy, anarchist. A month after Max Hödel tries to kill William I, German Emperor, in Berlin, Nobiling takes his turn, & having failed, turns his gun upon himself. Paul Brousse coins the phrase "propaganda of the deed" to describe Nobiling's act.
1919 - 67 anarchists are arrested & face deportation in the wake of a bomb explosion marking the beginning of the Palmer raids in the USA.
1951 - The Japanese Anarchist Federation reconstituted this month. Simultaneously, the anarchist communists set up the Japan Anarchist Club (Nihon Anakisuto Kurabu).
2005 - Pepita Carpeña (1919-2005) dies, Marseille.

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June 6

1897 - Arnaldo Simões Januário born, Portugal. Anarcho-syndicalist militant. Arrested & sent to various concentration camps (Angola, the Azores, Cap Verde & Timor).
1903 - Luigi Galleani's journal Cronaca Sovversiva founded, in Vermont.
1909 - Emilie Lamotte dies. Lecturer & anarchist pedagogue.
1911 - The Mexican government requests and receives US permission to send troops from Chihuahua to Baja California through US territory to invade autonomous communities founded by Mexican anarchist insurgents.
1919 - Russian Civil War: Leon Trotsky declares the anarchist Nestor Makhno to be outlawed, removing him as commander of the 7th Ukrainian Soviet Division.
1982 - Kenneth Rexroth (1905 – 1982) dies. Poet, Buddhist, anarchist, semi-Beatnik, and translator.
1989 - Funeral of Hortensia Torres, Spanish militant anarchist, in Toulouse.

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June 7

1862 - Jules Alexandre Sadier (1862-1936) born. Franco-Argentine anarchist militant & propagandist, antimilitarist. (Pseudonym Alexandre Falconnet.)

1896 - A bomb explodes during a religious parade in Spain, killing a dozen people & wounding 30. The Spanish government begins a wave of anti-anarchist repression, arrest, and torture.

1898 - In Chicago, Emma Goldman attends the first convention of Eugene Debs's Social Democracy movement; in her view it is a "fiasco." When she is at first prevented from speaking at the event, Debs personally invites the anarchist-feminist to address the convention.

1898 - Antonio Casanova (1898-1966) born, Betanzos. Anarchist militant, editor, translator.

1902 - Germaine Berton born, Puteaux. A trade union militant & anarchist, she attempted to kill Léon Daudet. (January 1923)

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June 8

1852 - United States: First known labor strike in San Francisco occurs as Chinese laborers working on the Parrott granite building demand a wage increase.
1884 - Italy: Pilade Cecchi, editor of the anarchist publication La Questione Sociale is sent to prison for 21 months and fined 2,000 lire.
1903 - France: Vittorio Pini (1860-1903 ), Italian shoemaker and illegalist, dies.
1913 - Italy: Volonta begins publishing in Ancona, operating under the immediate editorship of Errico Malatesta until the Red Week a year later.
1930 - Death of French anarchist, speaker, bookstore manager and writer Antoine Antignac.
1939 - Emmy Eckstein, anarchist Alexander Berkman's longtime companion, dies.
1942 - Spanish anarchist and Durrutti Column member José Pellicer-Gandia (1912-1942) executed following a fascist military tribunal.

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June 9

1858 - French revolutionary Joseph Déjacque publishes the first issue of Libertaire (a journal of the social movement), in New York City.
1902 - Washington state passes anti-anarchist law.
1908 - French anarchist Eugène Thennevin (1848-1908) dies.
1912 - Emma Goldman's June 9-20 lecture series in Seattle, is threatened by U.S. military veterans.
1912 - A mass protest in London's Trafalgar Square demanding the release of Errico Malatesta (pictured) succeeds in preventing his deportation for criminal libel.
1917 - French anarchist Octave Jahn (1869–1917) dies in Mexico City. Jahn founded, with Tortelier and others, the League of the Anti-Patriots in 1886.
1966 - German anarcho-syndicalist and theorist of federalism Helmut Rudiger (1903-1966) dies.

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June 10

1919 - Birth of Gustave Courbet (1819–1877), French painter, revolutionary anarchist and leader of the realist school of art.
1865 - Birth of French anarchist militant Pierre Desgranges (aka Granges) (1865-1898).
1881 - Anarcho-pacifist Count Leo Tolstoy, sets out on pilgrimage to the Optina Monastery, disguised as a peasant.
1927 - Anarchist Gino Lucetti is sentenced to 30 years in prison for the attempted assassination of Italian dictoatr Benito Mussolini.
1960 - Several thousand council workers and revolutionary students surround the entourage of White House Press Secretary James Hagerty at Tokyo International Airport, Japan, forcing the press secretary to be rescued by a United States Marine Corps helicopter.

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June 11

1832 - Jules Vallès (1832) (pictured) born.
1888 - Martyred Italian-American anarchist Bartolomeo Vanzetti born. (See 1920 below.)
1914 - Emma Goldman finishes lectures in Los Angeles (May 15-June 11) delivering anarchist propaganda & modern drama lectures, which includes discussion of Irish playwright Seumas O'Kelly.
1920 - Bartolemo Vanzetti is indicted for the Bridgewater hold-up. (See 1888 above.)
1922 - The anarcho-syndicalist Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) withdraws its provisional affiliation with the Third International in favor of the International Workers' Association (IWA).
1931 - National Congress of the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) held in Madrid.
1965 - The International Poetry Incarnation attended by philosophical anarchists, Allen Ginsberg and Lawrence Ferlinghetti, as well as other members of the Beat Generation.
1970 - Stuart Christie's home is raided with explosives warrant.
1990 - June 11-18, anarchists riot, forming barricades in the streets of Sofia against the election manipulations of the various political forces.
2001 - Jeff Luers sentenced to 22 years for burning 3 SUVs.

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June 12

1890 - Voltairine de Cleyre gives birth to a son, Harry de Cleyre.
1900 - Jules Regis (aka Siger) (1858-1900) dies. Turkish-born revolutionary socialist & anarchist.
1910 - Mexican Liberal Party Junta organization (pictured) moves to Los Angeles, California.
1915 - Emma Goldman continues her lecture tour in Los Angeles & San Diego, raising support for the Caplan-Schmidt defense fund.
1964 - Antoine Bertrand (1877-1964) dies. French anarcho-syndicalist, member of "Free Youth" group.
1991 - Anna Campbell (1991-2018) born. anarcho-feminist, anarcho-syndicalist, member of the Industrial Workers of the World and Anarchist Black Cross.

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June 13

1897 - Argentina: Protesta Humana established. Began after El Perseguido folded (1888 until January 31, 1897; the first of the rapidly developing active & numerous anarchist presses). "Protesta Humana" is followed by the (daily) Protesta (April 5, 1904).
1909 - Spain: Congress of the labor federation Solidaridad Obrera votes overwhelmingly to accept the general strike tactic, "depending upon circumstances."
1910 - In Paris, confrontations take place at Faubourg Saint-Anthony between cabinetmakers & police. The anarchist Henri Cler is wounded & dies. Cler's funeral at the Pantin cemetery draws tens of thousands of people, and is the scene of new police violence.
1910 - Fernand Rude (aka Pierre Froment) (1910-1990) born, Lyon. Social historian, sympathetic to libertarian/anarchist movements.
1982 - André Claudot (1892-1982), French anarchist, artist, teacher, dies. The libertarian filmmaker Bernard Baissat makes a film of his life, Ecoutez Claudot (1979).

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June 14

1865 - Bernard Lazare (pictured) born. Author, journalist, anarchist, defender of Dreyfus. Collaborated on the journals Les entretiens politiques et littéraires & Temps nouveaux.
1896 - Jean Le Gall lives. French anarchist.
1900 - French intelligence notes the presence of Hippolyte Havel & Emma Goldman at a women's congress in Paris.
1911 - Los Angeles police arrest the anarchists Ricardo Flores Magón & his brother Enrique for violation of the US neutrality law.
1914 - Emma Goldman lectures (June 14-July 10) in San Francisco, California. Her reception is disappointing compared to her experience in Los Angeles. She speaks on "The Intellectual Proletarians," "The Superman in Relation to the Social Revolution," "The Mothers' Strike," & "Anti-Militarism: The Reply to War."
1914 - Italy: A General Strike is broken by the treason of the Socialists & their trade union, bringing an ignominious end to "The Red Week of Ancône." Errico Malatesta, escaping the police, is forced again to flee into exile, to London.
1914 - First session of the anarchist conference in São Paulo. Five sessions were convened in total, preparing for an anarchist Congress in London, which was cancelled due to World War I.
1919 - Leon Trotsky, chief of the Red Army, drafts an order banning the Makhnovist Congress, organized by Nestor Makhno, accusing them of opposing Soviet power in the Ukraine. Trotsky calls for the arrest of the delegates.
1944 - Jules Le Gall dies. French anarchist.
1968 - Henriette Maîtrejean dies. French individualist anarchist. Companion to the anarchist Mauricius (Maurice Vandamme), & Victor Serge (Kibaltchiche), arrested with Serge & tried Feb 3-27, 1913 for her involvement with the Bonnot Gang (she was acquitted). She wrote for many anarchist publications, such as La Revue Anarchiste, La défense de l'homme & La liberté (founded by Louis Lecoin in 1959).
2002 - Jacky Toublet (1940-2002) dies. French anarcho-syndicalist, militant, son of Julien Toublet, director of the weekly Le Monde Libertaire.
2006 - Vicente Marti (1926-2006) dies. Militant anarchist, born to a family of anarcho-syndicalists.
2006 - Mexico: A street battle takes place between police and protesters in Oaxaca City. The Popular Assembly of the Peoples of Oaxaca (APPO) is formed in response.

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June 15

1896 - Gérard Duvergé lives (also known as Fred Durtain, Chevalier à Monségur), (Gironde). Libertarian teacher, anarchist & antifascist resistor.
1900 - Premiere issue of Le Réveil des Travailleurs (The Worker's Alarm Clock; semi-monthly, then weekly until April 1903) in Liège. Among those who ran the paper was the Belgian anarchist George Thonar.
1901 - Jesús & Ricardo Flores Magón are arrested for subversive articles.
1910 - Bogdan Žerajić attempts to assassinate Marijan Varešanin, the Governor of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
1917 - Emma Goldman & Alexander Berkman arrested & charged with conspiring to "induce persons not to register" for World War I military service.
1918 - Jules Durand, sentenced to death in November 1910, a victim of corrupt witnesses & vilification by the local press for a crime he did not commit, is found innocent in a new trial.
1919 - Founding of the Federation of Anarchist Communists of Bulgaria (F.A.C.B.), in Sofia, June 15-17th. Federation members included Ivan Nicolov, one of its most popular speakers & polemicists, & Gueorgui Cheitanov, a popular speaker & guerrilla. (Both were murdered by the fascist government in 1925.) The Federation published the theoretical review, Free Society.
1920 - Liberto Sarrau Royes (1920-2001) born, in the province of Huesca. His father, Antonio Sarrau (1893-1939), was a miner & a member of the anarcho-syndicalist CNT. Liberto was a writer, member of the Juventudes Libertarias (JJLL), & the Durruti Column. In 1946 Liberto, a member of the antifascist resistance movement in Barcelona, & his compañera Joaquina Dorado, met Raúl Carballeira, & the three were part of the group 3 de Mayo. Arrested in 1948, tortured & sent to prison.
1942 - Vera Figner (1853-1942), dies in Moscow.
2003 - Enrico Baj (1924-2003) dies at age 79.

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June 16

1827 - Élie Reclus born. Ethnographer & journalist; participated in the Paris Commune in 1871. Member of the great generational anarchist family, including Élisée Reclus & Paul Reclus.
1870 - Louis Segaud born, Châteauroux.
1894 - Paolo Lega attempts to shoot Francesco Crispi, President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies. The bullet lodges in Crispi's car rather than Crispi. Lega is arrested & gets 20-years in prison for his poor aim.
1903 - Lucien Bernizet born.
1913 - Emma Goldman begins (June 16-July 9) lectures on anarchism & modern drama in Los Angeles.
1917 - Emma Goldman & Alexander Berkman plead not guilty on conspiracy charges; bail set at $25,000 each. Emma Goldman disappointed by Ben Reitman's failure to return to New York to support their pending trial.
1923 - Kurt Gustav Wilckens is shot in his cell by a prison guard, a rightwing fanatic. He dies the next day and, despite government attempts to cover up the crime, a nationwide General Strike is called in protest.
1929 - Ronald Creagh (May 1968-2023) born. French historian of the American anarchist movement. Professor at l'université de Montpellier, author of Histoire de l'anarchisme aux USA (1981), Laboratoires de l'utopie, les communautés libertaires aux Etats Unis (1983), Sacco et Vanzetti (1984), etc. Also moderates the Internet "Research on Anarchism" discussion list.
1937 - Spain: Members of the POUM Executive Committee & foreign activists are rounded up. The POUM is proscribed & its militants persecuted by the Stalinists & the Republic's police. Ethel MacDonald visited comrades in prison, smuggling in food & letters. She helped several foreign anarchists escape from Spain, borrowing clothes for their disguise & getting them on board foreign ships. She was finally captured & imprisoned herself. In prison she helped organize a hunger strike in every prison where there were anarchist prisoners.
1969 - Marie Mayoux (1878-1969) dies (aka Joséphine Bourgon). French teacher, militant syndicalist, pacifist & anarchiste.
2000 - Anarchists, eco-activists Jeff Luers & Craig Marshall arrested in Eugene, Oregon for arson.

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June 17

1876 - Bologna anarchist trial ends. Malatesta and six others acquitted.
1906 - Alexander Berkman released from prison for attempted murder of Henry Clay Frick. Emma Goldman & others address a crowd of 2,000 people who gather to greet Berkman.
1911 - Tijuana recaptured by Porfirio Díaz's former Federal troops, now led by Francisco I. Madero, spelling the final dissolution of the anarchist PLM forces by defeat & desertion.
1923 - Kurt Wilckens (b. 1886) dies after being shot in his prison cell by a rightwing guard a day prior.
1932 - Angelo Sbardellotto (b. 1907), is executed at 5:45 am by firing squad, having admitted to the Tribunal Spécial (fasciste) his plan to assassinate Benito Mussolini.
2006 - Mexico: The Popular Assembly of the Peoples of Oaxaca occupies Oaxaca City, beginning a period of self-governance by popular assemblies

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June 18

1873 - Marie Capderoque (Marion Bachmann) lives, Lyon, France.
1891 - Emma Goldman addresses a mass meeting to protest the second imprisonment of Johann Most at Blackwell's Island after the Supreme Court rejects the appeal of his 1887 conviction for illegal assembly & incitement to riot following the Haymarket executions.
1921 - José Martínez Guerricabeitia (aka Felipe de Orero) born, Villar del Arzobispo.
1923 - A nationwide General Strike, protesting the assassination of the anarchist Kurt Wilckens in his prison cell, paralyzes Argentina.
1965 - Last issue, #110 of Free Association (Liberafederacio, esperanto; previously titled Kuro Hata (Black Flag)). Publication of the Japanese Anarchist Federation (JAF).

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June 19

1886 - Trial of eight anarchists for the Haymarket bombing begins in Chicago. (pictured)
1911 - Federales & Maderistas retake Mexicali, Baja California from anarchist rebels led by Ricardo Flores Magón.
1914 - Luísa Adão born (d. 1999).
1997 - Cops raid anarchist centers & homes across Italy. The Italian Anarchist Federation denounced the raids as a thinly veiled attempt to intimidate & criminalize the movement.

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June 20

1848 - Albert Parsons (pictured) born (d. 1887), Montgomery, Alabama.
1907 - Anarchist congress held June 16 - 20, in Rome, where Luigi Fabbri raises the question of anarchist organization, concludes.
1909 - Rebel forces of the anarchist Flores Magon brothers attack Casas Grandes, Chih.
1912 - Voltairine de Cleyre dies (b. 1866), age 45, following a long illness.
1925 - Vassil Ikonomov dies. Tracked down by the army & paramilitary groups, the anarchist revolutionary guerilla Ikonomov is killed under mysterious circumstances today while bathing in a river close to the village of Belitsa, Bulgaria.
1926 - Original date for the União Anarquista Portuguesa (UAP; Portuguese Anarchist Union) congress. Scheduled today in Lisbon, the right wing coup on May 28 forces postponing the congress for a year & moving it outside of Portugal. (It secretly convenes in July 1927 in Valencia, Spain.)
1945 - François Le Leve dies (b. 1882).
1992 - Nicolas Faucier dies.

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June 21

1852 - Maria Luisa Minguzzi born (d. 1911).
1882 - Socialist, anarchist sympathizer, book illustrator Rockwell Kent born, Tarrytown, New York.
1903 - In London, anarchists organize a massive demonstration among the Jewish labor movement to protest the Russian pogrom in Chişinău.
1914 - Second session (of five) of the anarchist conference in São Paulo.
1914 - Arthur Moyse born.
1917 - Emma Goldman freed on $25,000 bail for her anti-war agitation; the press spreads charges that the anarchist's bail was provided by the German Kaiser. Alexander Berkman is released on bail June 25.
1918 - Edward Abramowski (b. 1868) dies.
1942 - Agustín Remiro Manero (b. 1904) killed during an attempted prison escape.

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June 22

1861 - Félix Fénéon (pictured) born (d. 1944).
1899 - Emma Goldman arrives in San Francisco, where she begins a seven-week series of lectures in San Francisco, Oakland, San Jose, and Stockton.
1907 - First appearance of the Chinese anarchist weekly, Hsin Shih-chi (or Xin Shiji; The New Century), in Paris.
1908 - Tokyo anarchists, after meeting a friend being released from jail, mount a demonstration & are attacked by police.
1911 - Mexican Revolution: The Second Battle of Tijuana ends in a government victory, bringing the Magonista rebellion in Baja California to a close.
1912 - A group formed by the Colombian anarchist Juan Francisco Moncaleano, takes the name of "Grupo Luz" (Light) & creates a school based on the Modern School model of Francisco Ferrer, in Mexico City.
1914 - After numerous calls by some of the anarchist press for revenge on Standard Oil for the Ludlow massacre, a bomb intended for the Rockefeller mansion unintentionally detonates in the Ferrer Center today, killing three anarchists.
1927 - Stan Iverson born (d. 1985).
1939 - Benjamin Tucker (b. 1854) dies, Monaco.

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June 23

1871 - Marc Pierrot born (d. 1950), in Nevers, France. (See 1950 below.)
1883 - Louise Michel, arrested March 9th (when several bakeries were plundered during a popular demontration), is today sentenced to six years réclusion (prison), along with 10 years of monitoring by haute-police.
1884 - José Martins Fontes born.
1892 - Alexander Berkman unsuccessfully attempts assassination of Henry Clay Frick (pictured).
1908 - Anti-Diaz Magonista anarchist rebels attack Viesca, Coahuila.
1950 - Marc Pierrot dies (b. 1871), in Nevers, France. (See 1871 above.)
1971 - Louis Lecoin dies (b. 1888).

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June 24

1848 - Albert Parsons born (d. 1848), Alabama.
1880 - Georges Durupt born.
1894 - In Lyon, France, the Italian anarchist Sante Geronimo Caserio (pictured) stabs French president Marie François Sadi Carnot to avenge the execution of Auguste Vaillant.
1912 - Emma Goldman lectures in Butte, Montana.
1915 - Charles Gogumus dies (b. 1873).
1917 - Jean-Louis Pindy dies (b. 1840).
1919 - Following an attack on the house of Attorney General Palmer on June 2, 1919, the Italian anarchist Luigi Galleani & collaborators on the newspaper Cronaca Sovversiva are expelled from the United States.
1924 - Michel Ragon born, Marseille, France.
1935 - Luigi Fabbri dies (b. 1877).
1957 - František Kupka dies (b. 1871), Puteaux.
1995 - André Laude dies (b. 1936).
2002 - The Confederación General del Trabajo holds massive demonstrations nationwide, in Madrid, Sevilla, etc.

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June 25

1856 - Max Stirner dies (b. 1806), Berlin.
1878 - Ezra Heywood sentenced to two years hard labor for advocating free love/sexual emancipation as part of women's rights. Released on 19 December 1878. President Rutherford B. Hayes issued a pardon the following day.
1893 - Haymarket Martyrs' Monument (pictured) by Albert Weinert is dedicated. Erected by the Pioneer Aid & Support Association, an organization begun by the anarchist Lucy Parsons, Albert Parsons' widow.
1916 - Clandestine meeting of the Council general of the militant Unione Sindacale Italiana (USI; anarcho-syndicalist labor union) in Florence, Italy, June 25, 26 & 27. The government has outlawed all opposition to WWI. The Council, meeting, reaffirms its opposition to the war.
1922 - Delegates of the first congress (June 25-July 1, in Saint-Etienne) of the C.G.T.U. (Confédération générale du travail unitaire) align with the Communist International. This decision marks the defeat of the anarcho-syndicalists within its ranks.
1926 - In Paris, three Spanish anarchists are arrested, accused of preparing to assassinate Alphonse XII: Ascaso, Durruti & Jover. Louis Lecoin mounts a major protest campaign to prevent their extradition; gains their release in July of 1927.
1937 - José Martins Fontes dies.
1944 - Eugene Humbert dies (b. 1870), killed in prison during WWII during an Allied bombing raid — the day before he was to be released.
1955 - Arrest of Pierre Morain, militant of the F.C.L. (Fédération Communiste Libertaire). Sentenced to prison for one year, released in March 1956.

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June 26

1880 - Aurèle Patorni born (d. 1955)
1886 - Charles Gallo, hauled to court for sentencing for his attack of March 5, 1886 on the Stock Exchange, is expelled from the courtroom shouting "Death to bourgeois judges! Long live dynamite! Long live anarchy!" On July 15 Gallo receives a 20-year prison sentence.
1892 - Taiji Yamaga born (d. 1970).
1893 - Imprisoned Haymarket anarchists not already hanged by the state of Illinois yesterday are pardoned by Illinois governor, John Peter Altgeld.
1903 - Paul Louis Joseph Esteve born (d. ), Montels, Hérault.
1906 - Francisco Ferrer, jailed on the 4th in the Modelo Jail, begins writing to fellow anarchist Charles Malato.
1910 - In Paris, at the Pantin cemetery, funeral ceremonies are held for the anarchist Henri Cler (killed during a series of confrontations between police and striking cabinetmakers on June 13) — marked by violence, once again, by a mass of police attempting to disperse the thousands of people present.
1936 - Régis Meunier dies.
1937 - Showing solidarity with POUM militants being persecuted by the Stalinists and the Republic's police, the Bolshevik-Leninist Section calls for concerted action by the Section, the left of the POUM & the anarchist Friends of Durruti.
1938 - Thomas H. Keell dies.
1948 - Raul Carbeillera dies; commits suicide rather than be captured by police and the Guardia Civil in Montjuich.
1959 - Joëlle Aubron born (d. 2006).
1966 - Article by Kenneth Rexroth, San Francisco's Culture & the Drift to the Right, published.
1991 - The Anarchist Youth Federation (F.A.M.) pickets at Bulgarian DS (State Security) for the release of Radionov & Nuznetzov, two young Russian anarchists who were arrested in Moscow in February.

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June 27

1869 - Emma Goldman born (d. 1940), Kaunas, Lithuania.
1917 - Emma Goldman & Alexander Berkman act as independent counsel in their conspiracy trial for anti-war activities; Emma denies charge that she stated, "We believe in violence & we will use violence" at a May 18 meeting.
1925 - Emma Goldman marries James Colton, an elderly anarchist friend & trade unionist from Wales, in order to obtain British citizenship & the right to travel & speak more widely.
1960 - Pierre Monatte dies (b. 1881).
1973 - Ida Mett dies (b. 1901).
2003 - 250 converge for International anarchist meeting in Warsaw (June 27-30th).

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June 28

1885 - Francesco Saverio Merlino is in Paris in an effort to coordinate Italian & French anarchist groups.
1906 - Shūsui Kōtoku speaks at a large public meeting in Tokyo.
1911 - Gaston Coute dies.
1914 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria is assassinated in Sarajevo by the Young Bosnia organization.
1914 - Third session of the anarchist conference in São Paulo.
1929 - Edward Carpenter dies (b. 1844).
1934 - Kenneth Patchen marries Miriam Oikemus. Moves to Greenwich Village, New York. Writes reviews for New Republic. Member of the San Francisco Libertarian Circle in the 1940s along with fellow anarchists Kenneth Rexroth, Gary Snyder, et al.
1936 - Alexander Berkman (pictured) dies (b. 1870) from a self-inflicted gunshot wound in Nice, France.
2006 - Léo Ferré performs at the Teatro Calabresi in San Benedetto del Tronto.

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June 29

1879 - Pedro Vallina born, Guadalcanal, Spain.
1898 - Michael Schwab dies (b. 1853). (pictured)
1906 - The US Congress renews the 1903 Anarchist Exclusion Act.
1918 - Federal agents raid the apartment of Emma Goldman's associate, M. Eleanor Fitzgerald, seizing mailing lists & other relevant material. Emma's associates, Carl Newlander & William Bales, are arrested for draft evasion following the raid.
1937 - Spanish Revolution: The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) leaves the Generalitat de Catalunya.

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June 30

1840 - Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's What Is Property? is published. Proudhon becomes history's first anarchist, and the political philosophy of Anarchism is founded. (pictured)
1874 - Fritz Brupbacher born (d. 1945).
1882 - Robert Louzon born (d. 1976).
1888 - Léon Metchnikoff dies (b. 1838).
1909 - Large meeting organized by the Free Speech Society is held at Cooper Union to protest harassment of anarchist speaker Emma Goldman & to win back the right of free speech. Speakers include former congressman Robert Baker, Alden Freeman, Voltairine de Cleyre, James P. Morton, & Harry Kelly. Telegrams from Eugene Debs & others are also read.
1920 - Emma Goldman & Alexander Berkman travel to Moscow to collect permits necessary for their museum expedition through Russia to gather historical material.
1930 - Francisco Saverio Merlino (b. 1856) dies.
1936 - Alexander Berkman is buried in Nice.
1957 - José Oiticica (b. 1882) dies. Grandfather of the Brazilian artist & anarchist, Hélio Oiticica (1937-1980).
1998 - A group of 100 people manages to enter the buildings of the Constitutional Council of France. One of them seizes an original specimen of the constitution, tears it, declaring: "The dictatorship of capitalism is abolished. The workers declare anarchist communism."

External links

Anarchist Timeline (4,500+ entries)
Daily Bleed's Anarchist Encyclopedia
The Daily Bleed Calendar A Wakeup Call, Better Than Boiled Coffee!

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