Thyroid hormone receptor alpha

THRA
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1NAV, 2H77, 2H79, 3HZF, 3ILZ, 3JZB, 4LNW, 4LNX
Identifiers
Aliases	THRA, AR7, CHNG6, EAR7, ERB-T-1, ERBA, ERBA1, NR1A1, THRA1, THRA2, c-ERBA-1, thyroid hormone receptor, alpha, thyroid hormone receptor alpha, TRalpha
External IDs	OMIM: 190120; MGI: 98742; HomoloGene: 37747; GeneCards: THRA; OMA:THRA - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 17 (human) Band 17q21.1 Start 40,058,290 bp End 40,093,867 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 11 (mouse) Band 11 D|11 62.58 cM Start 98,631,464 bp End 98,659,832 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in nucleus accumbens middle frontal gyrus Amygdala caudate nucleus putamen right frontal lobe cingulate gyrus anterior cingulate cortex cerebellar hemisphere right hemisphere of cerebellum Top expressed in entorhinal cortex dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell perirhinal cortex CA3 field primary visual cortex superior frontal gyrus neural layer of retina nucleus of stria terminalis subiculum hippocampus proper More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function transcription cis-regulatory region binding protein binding single-stranded RNA binding zinc ion binding chromatin DNA binding nuclear receptor activity steroid receptor RNA activator RNA binding transcription factor binding TBP-class protein binding steroid hormone receptor activity DNA binding protein domain specific binding sequence-specific DNA binding metal ion binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity thyroid hormone binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific protein-containing complex binding RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding nuclear receptor coactivator activity signaling receptor activity Cellular component cytoplasm nucleoplasm nucleus cytosol RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex Biological process regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II response to cold cytoplasmic sequestering of transcription factor hormone-mediated signaling pathway regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway thyroid gland development regulation of transcription, DNA-templated ossification female courtship behavior cartilage condensation negative regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly type I pneumocyte differentiation transcription, DNA-templated steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway transcription by RNA polymerase II regulation of lipid catabolic process regulation of heart contraction animal organ morphogenesis positive regulation of female receptivity learning or memory regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter erythrocyte differentiation negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription, initiation positive regulation of myotube differentiation negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated intracellular receptor signaling pathway negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway multicellular organism development brain development cell differentiation response to lipid positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 7067 21833 Ensembl ENSG00000126351 ENSMUSG00000058756 UniProt P10827 P63058 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_199334 NM_001190918 NM_001190919 NM_003250 NM_178060 NM_001313983 RefSeq (protein) NP_001177847 NP_001177848 NP_003241 NP_955366 NP_001300912 NP_835161 Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 40.06 – 40.09 Mb Chr 11: 98.63 – 98.66 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TR-alpha) also known as nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group A, member 1 (NR1A1), is a nuclear receptor protein that in humans is encoded by the THRA gene.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear hormone receptor for triiodothyronine. It is one of the several receptors for thyroid hormone, and has been shown to mediate the biological activities of thyroid hormone. Knockout studies in mice suggest that the different receptors, while having certain extent of redundancy, may mediate different functions of thyroid hormone. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.

Role in pathology

Mutations of the THRA gene may cause nongoitrous congenital hypothyroidism-6, a subtype of congenital hypothyroidism.

Interactions

THR1 has been shown to interact with:

• COPS2,
• EP300,
• ITGB3BP,
• MED1,
• MED6,
• MED12,
• MED16,
• MEF2A,
• NCOA6,
• TRIP11, and
• UBC.

Further reading

• Forrest D, Reh TA, Rüsch A (Feb 2002). "Neurodevelopmental control by thyroid hormone receptors". Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 12 (1): 49–56. doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(02)00289-1. PMID 11861164. S2CID 2884828.
• Sakurai A, Bell GI, DeGroot LJ (Oct 1992). "Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the human thyroid hormone receptor alpha gene (THRA1) on chromosome 17". Human Molecular Genetics. 1 (7): 553. doi:10.1093/hmg/1.7.553-a. PMID 1307263.
• Berrodin TJ, Marks MS, Ozato K, Linney E, Lazar MA (Sep 1992). "Heterodimerization among thyroid hormone receptor, retinoic acid receptor, retinoid X receptor, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor, and an endogenous liver protein". Molecular Endocrinology. 6 (9): 1468–78. doi:10.1210/mend.6.9.1331778. PMID 1331778. S2CID 24291055.
• Schmidt ED, Schmidt ED, van der Gaag R, Ganpat R, Broersma L, de Boer PA, Moorman AF, Lamers WH, Wiersinga WM, Koornneef L (Apr 1992). "Distribution of the nuclear thyroid-hormone receptor in extraocular and skeletal muscles". The Journal of Endocrinology. 133 (1): 67–74. doi:10.1677/joe.0.1330067. PMID 1517709.
• Yen PM, Sunday ME, Darling DS, Chin WW (Mar 1992). "Isoform-specific thyroid hormone receptor antibodies detect multiple thyroid hormone receptors in rat and human pituitaries". Endocrinology. 130 (3): 1539–46. doi:10.1210/endo.130.3.1537303. PMID 1537303.
• Laudet V, Begue A, Henry-Duthoit C, Joubel A, Martin P, Stehelin D, Saule S (Mar 1991). "Genomic organization of the human thyroid hormone receptor alpha (c-erbA-1) gene". Nucleic Acids Research. 19 (5): 1105–12. doi:10.1093/nar/19.5.1105. PMC 333788. PMID 1850510.
• Nakai A, Sakurai A, Bell GI, DeGroot LJ (Nov 1988). "Characterization of a third human thyroid hormone receptor coexpressed with other thyroid hormone receptors in several tissues". Molecular Endocrinology. 2 (11): 1087–92. doi:10.1210/mend-2-11-1087. PMID 2464749.
• Miyajima N, Horiuchi R, Shibuya Y, Fukushige S, Matsubara K, Toyoshima K, Yamamoto T (Apr 1989). "Two erbA homologs encoding proteins with different T3 binding capacities are transcribed from opposite DNA strands of the same genetic locus". Cell. 57 (1): 31–9. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90169-4. PMID 2539258. S2CID 19135678.
• Sakurai A, Nakai A, DeGroot LJ (Feb 1989). "Expression of three forms of thyroid hormone receptor in human tissues". Molecular Endocrinology. 3 (2): 392–9. doi:10.1210/mend-3-2-392. PMID 2710139.
• Sap J, Muñoz A, Damm K, Goldberg Y, Ghysdael J, Leutz A, Beug H, Vennström B (1987). "The c-erb-A protein is a high-affinity receptor for thyroid hormone". Nature. 324 (6098): 635–40. doi:10.1038/324635a0. PMID 2879242. S2CID 4353175.
• Nakai A, Seino S, Sakurai A, Szilak I, Bell GI, DeGroot LJ (Apr 1988). "Characterization of a thyroid hormone receptor expressed in human kidney and other tissues". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 85 (8): 2781–5. Bibcode:1988PNAS...85.2781N. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.8.2781. PMC 280083. PMID 3357890.
• Mitelman F, Manolov G, Manolova Y, Billström R, Heim S, Kristoffersson U, Mandahl N, Ferro MT, San Roman C (Jun 1986). "High resolution chromosome analysis of constitutional and acquired t(15;17) maps c-erbA to subband 17q11.2". Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 22 (2): 95–8. doi:10.1016/0165-4608(86)90168-8. PMID 3458521.
• Benbrook D, Pfahl M (Nov 1987). "A novel thyroid hormone receptor encoded by a cDNA clone from a human testis library". Science. 238 (4828): 788–91. Bibcode:1987Sci...238..788B. doi:10.1126/science.3672126. PMID 3672126.
• Pfahl M, Benbrook D (Nov 1987). "Nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding a novel human thyroid hormone receptor". Nucleic Acids Research. 15 (22): 9613. doi:10.1093/nar/15.22.9613. PMC 306505. PMID 3684612.
• Chen JD, Evans RM (Oct 1995). "A transcriptional co-repressor that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors". Nature. 377 (6548): 454–7. Bibcode:1995Natur.377..454C. doi:10.1038/377454a0. PMID 7566127. S2CID 4361329.
• Desai-Yajnik V, Hadzic E, Modlinger P, Malhotra S, Gechlik G, Samuels HH (Aug 1995). "Interactions of thyroid hormone receptor with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat and the HIV-1 Tat transactivator". Journal of Virology. 69 (8): 5103–12. doi:10.1128/JVI.69.8.5103-5112.1995. PMC 189328. PMID 7609079.
• Lee JW, Choi HS, Gyuris J, Brent R, Moore DD (Feb 1995). "Two classes of proteins dependent on either the presence or absence of thyroid hormone for interaction with the thyroid hormone receptor". Molecular Endocrinology. 9 (2): 243–54. doi:10.1210/mend.9.2.7776974. PMID 7776974.
• Desai-Yajnik V, Samuels HH (1994). "Regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat: interactions of thyroid hormone receptor with retinoid-X receptor, nuclear factor kappa B, Sp1, and Tat". Transactions of the Association of American Physicians. 106: 13–32. PMID 8036737.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.