solvo

Esperanto

Etymology

From solvi +‎ -o.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsolvo/
• Rhymes: -olvo

Noun

solvo (accusative singular solvon, plural solvoj, accusative plural solvojn)

1. solution

Italian

Verb

solvo

1. first-person singular present indicative of solvere

Anagrams

• svolo, svolò

Latin

Alternative forms

• soluō

Etymology

From se- (“away”) +‎ luō (“to untie, set free, separate”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsol.u̯oː/, [ˈs̠ɔɫ̪u̯oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsol.vo/, [ˈsɔlvo]

Verb

solvō (present infinitive solvere, perfect active solvī, supine solūtum); third conjugation

1. to loosen, untie, undo; free [up], release, acquit, exempt

   Synonyms: rumpo, persolvo, absolvo, explicō, distraho, dissolvo

   Antonyms: ligō, colligō, illigō, cōnserō, cōnfīgō, adalligō, alligō, dēligō, nectō, cōnectō, dēfīgō, fīgō

2. to solve, explain
3. to dissolve, break up, separate

   similia similibus solvuntur

   Like dissolves like.

4. to relax, slacken, weaken
   • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 2.2.4–7:

     Vīvet extentō Proculeius aevō,
     nōtus in frātrēs animī paternī;
     illum aget pennā metuente solvī
          Fāma superstes.

     Proculeius shall live an extended age,
     well known for his fatherly spirit to his brothers;
     him will bear with feather scorning to be relaxed
          enduring Fame.

5. to cancel, remove, destroy

   Synonym: cancellō

6. to pay up, fulfil

   Synonyms: ērogō, pendo, persolvo, luo, absolvo, dissolvo

7. to undermine
8. (figuratively) (emotion, feelings) to get rid of, let go of, release, dismiss, loosen
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.562:

     “Solvite corde metum, Teucrī, sēclūdite cūrās.”

     “Release the fear within your heart[s], Teucrians, [and] banish worries.”
     (Dido tells the Trojan envoys to “unbind” the inner physical tension which follows intense emotion.)

9. to let down (hair)
10. to open (a letter)
11. to unfurl
12. to raise (a siege)
13. to dismiss (troops)
14. to set sail (ships)

Conjugation

Conjugation of solvō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	solvō	solvis	solvit	solvimus	solvitis	solvunt
	imperfect	solvēbam	solvēbās	solvēbat	solvēbāmus	solvēbātis	solvēbant
	future	solvam	solvēs	solvet	solvēmus	solvētis	solvent
	perfect	solvī	solvistī	solvit	solvimus	solvistis	solvērunt, solvēre
	pluperfect	solveram	solverās	solverat	solverāmus	solverātis	solverant
	future perfect	solverō	solveris	solverit	solverimus	solveritis	solverint
passive	present	solvor	solveris, solvere	solvitur	solvimur	solviminī	solvuntur
	imperfect	solvēbar	solvēbāris, solvēbāre	solvēbātur	solvēbāmur	solvēbāminī	solvēbantur
	future	solvar	solvēris, solvēre	solvētur	solvēmur	solvēminī	solventur
	perfect	solūtus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	solūtus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	solūtus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	solvam	solvās	solvat	solvāmus	solvātis	solvant
	imperfect	solverem	solverēs	solveret	solverēmus	solverētis	solverent
	perfect	solverim	solverīs	solverit	solverīmus	solverītis	solverint
	pluperfect	solvissem	solvissēs	solvisset	solvissēmus	solvissētis	solvissent
passive	present	solvar	solvāris, solvāre	solvātur	solvāmur	solvāminī	solvantur
	imperfect	solverer	solverēris, solverēre	solverētur	solverēmur	solverēminī	solverentur
	perfect	solūtus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	solūtus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	solve	—	—	solvite	—
	future	—	solvitō	solvitō	—	solvitōte	solvuntō
passive	present	—	solvere	—	—	solviminī	—
	future	—	solvitor	solvitor	—	—	solvuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		solvere	solvisse	solūtūrum esse	solvī	solūtum esse	solūtum īrī
participles		solvēns	—	solūtūrus	—	solūtus	solvendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		solvendī	solvendō	solvendum	solvendō	solūtum	solūtū

Derived terms

• absolvō
• dissolvō
• exsolvō
• persolvō
• resolvō
• solūtiō

 

Descendants

• → English: solve
• → Esperanto: solvi
• French: soudre
• Italian: solvere
• Old Catalan: soldre
• Portuguese: solver
• Romanian: solvi
• Sicilian: sòrviri
• Spanish: solver

References

• “solvo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “solvo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• solvo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to awake: somno solvi
    
  • to perform the last rites for a person: iusta facere, solvere alicui
    
  • to decide, determine a question: quaestionem solvere
    
  • to open a letter: epistulam solvere, aperire, resignare (of Romans also linum incīdere)
    
  • to accomplish, pay a vow: vota solvere, persolvere, reddere
    
  • to pay money: pecuniam solvere
    
  • to repay a loan: pecuniam creditam solvere
    
  • to pay one's debts: nomina (cf. sect. XIII. 3) solvere, dissolvere, exsolvere
    
  • to pay one's old debts by making new: versurā solvere, dissolvere (Att. 5. 15. 2)
    
  • to free from legal obligations: legibus solvere
    
  • to suffer punishment: poenas dependere, expendere, solvere, persolvere
    
  • to weigh anchor, sail: solvere (B. G. 4. 28)
    
  • to weigh anchor, sail: navem (naves) solvere
    
  • the ships sail from the harbour: naves ex portu solvunt
    
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN