فرنگ
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Persian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Old French franc.
First attested in Safarnama of Nasir Khusrow (written in 1045–1052).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [fa.ˈɾanɡ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [fæ.ɹǽɲɡʲ̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [fä.ɾǽŋɡ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | farang |
Dari reading? | farang |
Iranian reading? | farang |
Tajik reading? | farang |
Noun
[edit]فرنگ • (farang)
- (archaic) Frank, French
- (archaic) crusader
- 1184–1291, Saadi, Golestan
- از صحبت یاران دمشقم ملالتی پدید آمده بود، سر در بیابان قدس نهادم و با حیوانات انس گرفتم تا وقتی که اسیر قید فرنگ شدم و در خندق طرابلس با جهودانم به کارگل داشتند.
- az suhbat-i yârân-i damišqam malâlati padîd âmada bûd, sar dar biyâbân-i quds nahâdam u bâ hayvânât uns giriftam tâ vaqtî ki asîr-i qayd-i farang šudam u dar xandaq-i tarâbulus bâ jahûdânam ba kârgil dâštand.
- I was upset from my Damascene friends and went to the desert of Palestine (...), until I was taken as captive by the Franks/Crusaders and they sent me with Jews as forced labourers to Tripoli, [Lebanon].
- 1184–1291, Saadi, Golestan
- (archaic) European
- (archaic) Christian
- 1141–1209, Nezami
- فرنگ فلسطین و رهبان روم
پذیرای فرمان مهرش چو موم- farang-i filistîn u rahbân-i rôm
pazîrâ-yi farmân-i mihraš ču môm - (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- farang-i filistîn u rahbân-i rôm
- 1141–1209, Nezami
Synonyms
[edit]- فرنگی (farangi)
- (French): فرانسوی (farânsavi)
- (European): اروپایی (orupâyi)
- (Christian): مسیحی (masihi)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]فرنگ • (farang)
- (archaic) Francia
- 1045–1052, Nasir Khusraw, Safarnama
- باجگاهی است آن جا که کشتی های که از اطراف روم و فرنگ و اندلس و مغرب بیاید عشر به سلطان دهند
- bâjgâhê ast ânjâ ki kaštî-hâ'ê ki az atrâf-i rôm u farang u andalus u mağrib biyâyand ušr ba sultân dahand.
- ... there is a place to collect tribute over there through which the ships that come from Rum [Anatolia], Francia, Al-Andalus, and Maghreb pay the tithe [ushr, one-tenth of the earned profit] to the sultan ...
- 1045–1052, Nasir Khusraw, Safarnama
- (dated) France
- Synonym: فرانسه (farânse)
- (dated) Western world, especially Europe
References
[edit]- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “فرنگ”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press