つぶし
Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 潰 潰し |
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of 潰す (tsubusu, “to crush”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- 潰, 潰し: [unknown] the act of crushing
- 潰, 潰し: [from 1678] the act of melting utensils to ore
- 潰, 潰し: [from c. 1871 or 1872] Abbreviation of 潰島田 (tsubushishimada, “a type of Edo period hairdo by women”).
- 潰, 潰し: [unknown] the act of destroying; destruction
- 潰, 潰し: [from 1678] a good-for-nothing
- 潰, 潰し: [unknown] something timewasting; something time-consuming
- 潰, 潰し: [unknown] something that obstructs
- 潰, 潰し: [from 1915] (slang, used by criminals) unlicensed prostitute; vagrant
- 潰, 潰し: [from c. 1973 or 1974] (dialect, Niigata (Sado, Naka-Kubiki)) an animal such as a horse or a cow that cannot move
- 潰, 潰し: [from 1974] (dialect, Niigata (Sado)) a weight attached to a fishing line
Etymology 2
[edit]| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 腿 |
First cited to a manuscript of the Ruijū Myōgishō of 1241.[2] Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *tubusi (“knee”), whence Northern Amami Ōshima ’つぃ゚ぶし (/tzˀɨbuɕi/), Kikai ’とぅぶし (/tˀubuɕi/), Yoron ちんし (/tɕìnɕì/), Kunigami ’ちんし (/tʑˀínɕì/), Okinawan かたつぃんち (/kátátsínɕí/, “part of a knee”) Miyako つぃ゚ぐすぃ゚ (/tsɿgusɿ/), Yaeyama つぃ゚ぶすぃ゚ (/tsɨ́búsɨ̀/), Yonaguni んぶち (/mbútɕí/).
Some sources derive this from つぶぶし (tsububushi, “ankle; knee”), in turn possibly from *粒節 (tsububushi, literally “grain joint”).[2][3]
Noun
[edit]- (obsolete) [from 1241] thigh
- (obsolete or dialect, Tokushima, Ehime) [from mid-Muromachi period] ankle
- (obsolete or dialect, Tokushima, Ehime, Kyūshū) [from 1603] knee
- 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki:[4][5]
- Original text:
- Tçububuxi. Rodela do joelho. (Posi [?])o que agente popular diga, Tçububuxi.
- Tsububushi. The kneecap. The vernacular language uses tsubushi.
- The word highlighted in red is illegible. It looks like Posio with the si having unknown marks on it, but no such word apparently exists.
- Tçubuxi. Idem. X.
- Tsubushi. Same as above. Kyūshū language.
- Translated text:
- Tçububuxi. ツブブシ (つぶぶし) 膝の皿(膝蓋骨). ただし,一般の庶民は Tçubuxi (つぶし) と言う.
- Tsububushi. Kneecap. The vernacular language calls this tsubushi.
- Tçubuxi. ツブシ (つぶし) 上の条(Tçububuxi)に同じ. 下(X.)の語.
- Tsubushi. Same as tsububushi above. Kyūshū langugage.
- (dialect, Wakayama (Hidaka), obsolete?) [from 1931-1938] heel
Etymology 3
[edit]| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 陰虱 |
Unknown. A surface analysis suggests a compound of tsubu + shi, as noted by the Nihon Kokugo Daijiten.[6]
First cited to a text from 1829.[6]
Noun
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ “つぶし 【潰】
”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 “つぶし 【腿】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available 【腿】 here
- ^ “つぶし”, in 日本方言大辞典 (Nihon Hōgen Daijiten, “Nihon Hōgen Daijiten”) [3] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1989, released online 2016, →ISBN
- ^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan][4] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, page 488; right side
- ^ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN, page 621.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 “つぶ‐し 【陰虱】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][5] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
