寰

寰 U+5BF0, 寰 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BF0 ← 寯 [U+5BEF] CJK Unified Ideographs 寱 → [U+5BF1]

Translingual

Han character

寰 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 十田中女 (JWLV), four-corner 3073₂, composition ⿱宀睘)

1. great domain
2. country
3. world

Derived characters

• 𤃆, 𪼮

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 292, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7344
• Dae Jaweon: page 579, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 956, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5BF0

Chinese

simp. and trad.		寰
2nd round simp.		环

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 寰
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (睘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
癏	*kʷraːn
擐	*kʷraːn, *ɡʷraːns
還	*ɡʷraːn, *sɢʷan
環	*ɡʷraːn
鬟	*ɡʷraːn
寰	*ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷeːns
闤	*ɡʷraːn
糫	*ɡʷraːn
圜	*ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷen
鐶	*ɡʷraːn
轘	*ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷraːns
澴	*ɡʷraːn
繯	*ɡʷraːns, *ɡʷeːnʔ
檈	*sɢʷan, *sɢʷin
儇	*qʰʷen
翾	*qʰʷen
蠉	*qʰʷen, *qʰʷenʔ
嬛	*qʰʷen, *qʷen, *ɡʷeŋ
譞	*qʰʷen
懁	*kʷeːns
獧	*kʷeːns
噮	*qʷeːns
彋	*ɡʷreːŋ, *ɡʷreːŋ
睘	*ɡʷeŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraːn, *ɡʷeːns) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 睘 (OC *ɡʷeŋ)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huán (huan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): waan⁴
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): huang² / huong²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khoân / hoân

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huán
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huán
    • Wade–Giles: huan²
    • Yale: hwán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwan
    • Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯än³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: waan⁴
    • Yale: wàahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: waan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /waːn²¹/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: huang²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: huong²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huoŋ¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoân
    • Tâi-lô: khuân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoaan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰuan²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoân
    • Tâi-lô: huân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoaan
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /huan²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan¹³/

Note:

• khoân - vernacular;
• hoân - literary.

---

• Middle Chinese: hwaen, hwenH

Rime
Character	寰	寰
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)	先 (86)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	II	IV
Fanqie	戸關切	黃練切
Baxter	hwaen	hwenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠuan/	/ɦwenH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷᵚan/	/ɦʷenH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɐn/	/ɣuɛnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaɨn/	/ɦwɛnH/
Li Rong	/ɣuan/	/ɣuenH/
Wang Li	/ɣwan/	/ɣiwenH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣwan/	/ɣiwenH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huán	xuàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	waan4	jyun6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷraːn/, /*ɡʷeːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	寰	寰
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	16233	16256
Phonetic component	睘	睘
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	還
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷraːn/	/*ɡʷeːns/
Notes	見穀樑傳	古文縣字

Definitions

寰

1. Extensive region

Compounds

• 人寰 (rénhuán)
• 塵寰／尘寰 (chénhuán)
• 威震寰宇
• 寰內／寰内
• 寰區／寰区
• 寰域
• 寰宇 (huányǔ)
• 寰宇記／寰宇记
• 慘絕人寰／惨绝人寰 (cǎnjuérénhuán)
• 撒手人寰 (sāshǒurénhuán)
• 撒手塵寰／撒手尘寰 (sāshǒuchénhuán)
• 游戲塵寰／游戏尘寰
• 瀛寰 (yínghuán)
• 譽滿寰中／誉满寰中

 

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “寰”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 93.

Japanese

Kanji

寰

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. world; land

Readings

• Go-on: げん (gen)^{←げん (gen, historical)←ぐゑん (gwen, ancient)}
• Kan-on: かん (kan)^{←くわん (kwan, historical)}

Compounds

• 寰(かん)域(いき) (kan'iki)
• 寰(かん)宇(う) (kan'u)
• 寰(かん)瀛(えい) (kan'ei)
• 寰(かん)界(かい) (kankai)
• 寰(かん)海(かい) (kankai)
• 寰(かん)観(かん) (kankan)
• 寰(かん)極(きょく) (kankyoku)
• 寰(かん)区(く) (kanku)
• 寰(かん)中(ちゅう) (kanchū)
• 寰(かん)甸(でん) (kanden)
• 寰(かん)土(ど) (kando)
• 寰(かん)内(ない) (kannai)
• 宇(う)寰(かん) (ukan)
• 瀛(えい)寰(かん) (eikan)
• 畿(き)寰(かん) (kikan)
• 区(く)寰(かん) (kukan)
• 人(じん)寰(かん) (jinkan)
• 塵(じん)寰(かん) (jinkan)
• 仙(せん)寰(かん) (senkan)
• 通(つう)寰(かん) (tsūkan)
• 民(みん)寰(かん) (minkan)

 

References

• 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “寰”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎^[1] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

寰 (eum 환 (hwan))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

寰: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation