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巴

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 巳, 色, 笆, and 邑
巴 U+5DF4, 巴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DF4
← 巳
[U+5DF3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 巵 →
[U+5DF5]

Translingual

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Han character

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巴 (Kangxi radical 49, 己+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 日山 (AU), four-corner 77717, composition ⿴巳丨)

Derived characters

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Further reading

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Chinese Wikisource has digitized text of the Kangxi Dictionary entry for 巴:
[[wikisource:zh:康熙字典/己部/己部#巴|己部/己部]]

Wikisource


  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 327, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8745
  • Dae Jaweon: page 631, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 985, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5DF4

Bala

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Etymology

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From Proto-Tungusic *buga. Cognate with Manchu ᠪᠠ (ba).

Noun

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巴 (ba)

  1. place

Derived terms

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References

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  • “The Only Known Text from Bala, an Extinct Tungusic Language”, in Studia Orientalia Electronica‎[1], volume 9, number 1, 2021, pages 173–191

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 巴
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (巴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
巴 *praː
芭 *praː
笆 *praː, *braːʔ
豝 *praː
鈀 *praː, *pʰraː
吧 *praː, *pʰraː
蚆 *praː, *pʰraː
疤 *praː
把 *praːʔ
爸 *praːs, *baʔ
弝 *praːs
靶 *praːs
葩 *pʰraː
舥 *pʰraː
妑 *pʰraː
帊 *pʰraːs
琶 *braː
爬 *braː
杷 *braː, *braːs, *braːs
跁 *braːʔ, *braːs
耙 *braːs

Pictogram (象形) — a huge snake. However, in 邑 and 色 (both Kangxi radicals) it represents a person kneeling.

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
 巴
alternative forms 𢀳

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Are all these senses related? Some have proposed that these are all derived from the snake sense.”)

"huge snake"
Unclear. Compare
"bar"
Borrowed from English bar.

Pronunciation

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Note: pa - only in 巴士.
Note:
  • 1pa (Shanghai) - literary;
  • 1po (Shanghai) - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 巴
Mandarin Beijing /pa⁵⁵/
Harbin /pa⁴⁴/
/pa²⁴/ ～彥
Tianjin /pɑ²¹/
Jinan /pa²¹³/
Qingdao /pa²¹³/
Zhengzhou /pa²⁴/
Xi'an /pa²¹/
Xining /pa⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /pa⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /pa³¹/
Ürümqi /pa⁴⁴/
Wuhan /pa⁵⁵/
Chengdu /pa⁵⁵/
Guiyang /pa⁵⁵/
Kunming /pa̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /pɑ³¹/
Hefei /pa²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /pa¹¹/
Pingyao /pɑ¹³/
Hohhot /pa³¹/
Wu Shanghai /po⁵³/
/pa⁵³/
Suzhou /po⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /pɑ³³/
Wenzhou /po³³/
Hui Shexian /pa³¹/
Tunxi /puːə¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /pa³³/
Xiangtan /pɒ³³/
Gan Nanchang /pɑ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /pa⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /pɑ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pa⁵³/
Nanning /pa⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /pa⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /pa⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /pa⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pa⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /pa³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔba²³/ ～掌
/ʔba³¹/ 俗
Rime
Character 巴
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 伯加切
Baxter pae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pˠa/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pa/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/paɨ/
Li
Rong 		/pa/
Wang
Li 		/pa/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bā
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		baa1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 巴 巴
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bā bā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pæ › ‹ pæ ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pˁra/ /*pˁra/
English snake [place name]

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 巴
Reading # 1/1
No. 97
Phonetic
component 		巴
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		巴
Old
Chinese 		/*praː/

Definitions

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巴

  1. (ancient Chinese mythology) a huge snake that could swallow an elephant
  2. to greatly desire; to anxiously hope; to long for
  3. Used as a suffix for objects that are located below or behind.
    尾巴  ―  wěiba  ―  tail
    下巴  ―  xiàba  ―  chin
  4. Used as a suffix for objects that are clumped together due to dryness or stickiness.
    泥巴  ―  níba  ―  mud
  5. to cling to; to stick to
  6. (Jilu Mandarin, Sichuanese, dialectal Wu) to be close to; to be next to
  7. (Beijing Mandarin, Jilu Mandarin) to open; to spread
  8. (Sichuanese) to suit; to fit
  9. (Sichuanese) to follow
  10. (Sichuanese) to be intimate
  11. (Sichuanese) to involve; to implicate
  12. (Sichuanese) to kiss up; to curry favour
  13. (Sichuanese) to subsidize
  14. (Sichuanese) to infect; to contract
  15. (dialectal Mandarin, including Beijing Mandarin, Shandong Mandarin, Xinjiang Mandarin) to sew; to stitch on
  16. (Southwestern Mandarin; Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) dried object
  17. (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese) Classifier for the number of slaps.
    打佢一巴 [Cantonese]  ―  daa2 keoi5 jat1 baa1 [Jyutping]  ―  to give him a slap
  18. (Jiaoliao Mandarin, Sichuanese) along
  19. (historical) Ba (an ancient state in modern-day Sichuan)
  20. eastern Sichuan and Chongqing
  21. Used in transcription.
    巴西  ―  Bāxī  ―  Brazil
    黎巴嫩  ―  Líbānèn  ―  Lebanon
    巴黎  ―  Bālí  ―  Paris
    蒙巴頓／蒙巴顿  ―  Méngbādùn  ―  Mountbatten
    奧巴馬／奥巴马  ―  Àobāmǎ  ―  Obama
    星巴克  ―  Xīngbākè  ―  Starbucks
    1. Short for 巴士 (bāshì, “bus”).
      小巴  ―  xiǎobā  ―  minibus
    2. (physics) bar (unit of pressure)
    3. (Cantonese) bar (Classifier: 條／条 c)
      電巴／电巴 [Cantonese]  ―  din6 baa1 [Jyutping]  ―  busbar
      閘巴／闸巴 [Cantonese]  ―  zaap6 baa1 [Jyutping]  ―  boom barrier
    4. Short for 巴勒斯坦 (Bālèsītǎn, “Palestine”).
    5. Short for 巴基斯坦 (Bājīsītǎn, “Pakistan”).
    6. Short for 巴拿馬／巴拿马 (Bānámǎ, “Panama”).
    7. Short for 巴哈馬／巴哈马 (Bāhāmǎ, “The Bahamas”).
    8. Short for 巴拉圭 (Bālāguī, “Paraguay”).
  22. a surname
Descendants
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Sino-Xenic (巴):
  • → Japanese: 巴(は) (Ha)
  • → Korean: 파(巴) (Pa)
  • → Vietnamese: Ba (巴)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
 巴
alternative forms 吧

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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巴 (colloquial)

  1. A suffix used after monosyllabic verbs, often gives the verb a sense of nonchalance.

Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 巴 – see 芭.
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 芭).
Notes:

Etymology 4

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For pronunciation and definitions of 巴 – see 笆 (“bamboo fence”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 笆).
Notes:

Etymology 5

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For pronunciation and definitions of 巴 – see 粑 (“cake-like food”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 粑).
Notes:

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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巴

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: へ (he)
  • Kan-on: は (ha)
  • Kun: ともえ (tomoe, 巴)←ともゑ (tomowe, 巴, historical)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
巴 (tomoe): a hidari-futatsudomoe, one of many tomoe designs
Kanji in this term
巴
ともえ
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
鞆絵

First attested around the 12th century.

Originally a compound of 鞆 (tomo, “archer's left-wrist protector”) +‎ 絵 (e, “picture, drawing”).

The use of the 巴 kanji is possibly for its resemblance to a big snake.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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巴(ともえ) • (tomoe) ←ともゑ (tomowe)?

  1. a circular design resembling swirling water, a comma, or an archer's bow
  2. (architecture) a piece of wood, usually a floorboard or an eave, with a tomoe pattern
  3. an oxcart with the wickerwork in a tomoe pattern
  4. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various tomoe designs
  5. Short for 巴瓦 (tomoegawara): a tile with a tomoe design
  6. turning (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  7. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Derived terms
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Derived terms
Descendants
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See also
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Proper noun

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巴(ともえ) • (Tomoe) ←ともゑ (Tomowe)?

  1. Short for 巴御前 (Tomoe Gozen): 12th-century female samurai
  2. a 謡曲 (dōkyoku, “noh song”) based on a story from The Tale of the Heike
  3. a surname
  4. a unisex given name

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
巴
は
Jinmeiyō
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 巴 (MC pae). The 漢音 (kan'on) reading, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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巴(は) • (Ha) 

  1. (historical) Ba (an ancient state in eastern Sichuan)
Derived terms
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See also
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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 巴 (MC pae).

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

巴 (eumhun 땅 이름 파 (ttang ireum pa))

  1. Hanja form? of 파 (“used in placenames”).

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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巴: Hán Việt readings: ba (邦(bang)加(gia)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], bơ[1]
巴: Nôm readings: bơ[1][2][3][6][4][5][7], ba[1][2][3], vã[1], va[3]

  1. Chữ Hán form of Ba (“used in placenames”).
  2. Chữ Hán form of ba (“to adhere; to stick to”).
  3. Nôm form of bơ (“used in compounds”).

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Hồ (1976).
  7. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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