熬

熬	U+71AC, 熬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71AC

Translingual

Han character

熬 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土大火 (GKF) or 手大火 (QKF) or 難手大火 (XQKF), four-corner 5833₄, composition ⿱敖灬)

Derived characters

𭋣, 𮜡

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 680, character 41
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19352
Dae Jaweon: page 1092, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2226, character 4
Unihan data for U+71AC

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 熬
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (敖) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
熬	ŋaːw, qaːw
敖	*ŋaːw
嗷	*ŋaːw
螯	*ŋaːw
聱	ŋaːw, ŋraːw, *ŋrɯw
驁	ŋaːw, ŋaːws
鰲	*ŋaːw
遨	*ŋaːw
獒	*ŋaːw
滶	*ŋaːw
蔜	*ŋaːw
鷔	ŋaːw, ŋaːws
鼇	*ŋaːw
謷	ŋaːw, ŋaːws, *ŋraːw
嶅	*ŋaːw
嗸	*ŋaːw
摮	*ŋaːw
嫯	ŋaːw, ŋaːws
鏊	ŋaːw, ŋaːws
傲	*ŋaːws
磝	*ŋraːw

Etymology 1

trad.		熬
simp. ^#		熬
alternative forms		𤏺𤎅敖

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ŋaw (“to fry; to roast”); cognate with Tibetan རྔོ (rngo, “to fry”), Chepang ङाव्‌सा (ŋaw, “to fry; to parch; to roast”), Tangut 𗲔 (*ŋur¹, “pancake”) (STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Jacques, 2014).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): áo (ao²)

(Zhuyin): ㄠˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngou⁴ / ngaau⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngàu
Eastern Min (BUC): ngò̤
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ngâu / gô / gô͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngao⁵ / hao⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ngau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: áo
  - Zhuyin: ㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: áo
  - Wade–Giles: ao²
  - Yale: áu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aur
  - Palladius: ао (ao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɑʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ngou⁴ / ngaau⁴
  - Yale: ngòuh / ngàauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngou⁴ / ngaau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngou⁴ / ngao⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋou̯²¹/, /ŋaːu̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngàu
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngau^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngau²
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋau̯¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngò̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngâu
  - Tâi-lô: ngâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngaau
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ŋãu²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋãu²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋãu¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô
  - Tâi-lô: gô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gooi
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ɡo²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɤ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô͘
  - Tâi-lô: gôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔ²⁴/

Note:

ngâu - vernacular;
gô/gô͘ - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ngao⁵ / hao⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngâu / hâu
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋau⁵⁵/, /hau⁵⁵/

Note: hao5 - in 熬夜.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ngau
  - MiniDict: ngau^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ngau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋɔ²³/

Middle Chinese: ngaw

Rime
Character	熬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五勞切
Baxter	ngaw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɑu/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɑu/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɑu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋaw/
Li Rong	/ŋɑu/
Wang Li	/ŋɑu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋɑu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	áo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngou⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋˤaw/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	熬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	áo
Middle Chinese	‹ ngaw ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋˁaw/
English	fry, roast (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	熬
Reading #	1/2
No.	38
Phonetic component	敖
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	敖
Old Chinese	/*ŋaːw/

Definitions

熬

to cook something on slow fire; to extract something using heat
(figurative) to endure
a surname: Ao

Synonyms

(to cook something on slow fire): (Hokkien) 液

Compounds

Etymology 2

trad.		熬
simp. ^#		熬
alternative forms		爊𤏶

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): āo, áo

(Zhuyin): ㄠ, ㄠˊ
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ngāu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: āo
  - Zhuyin: ㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ao
  - Wade–Giles: ao¹
  - Yale: āu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: au
  - Palladius: ао (ao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: áo
  - Zhuyin: ㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: áo
  - Wade–Giles: ao²
  - Yale: áu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aur
  - Palladius: ао (ao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɑʊ̯³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngāu
  - Tâi-lô: ngāu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngau
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ŋãu²²/

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qaːw/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	熬
Reading #	2/2
No.	57
Phonetic component	敖
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	𤏶
Old Chinese	/*qaːw/
Notes	𤏶今字

Definitions

熬

to stew (vegetables, etc.) in water; to boil; to simmer

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

熬

(Hyōgai kanji)

parch
roast

Readings

Go-on: ごう (gō)
Kan-on: ごう (gō)
Kun: いる (iru, 熬る)

Korean

Hanja

熬 (eum 오 (o))

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Vietnamese

Han character

熬: Hán Nôm readings: ngao

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