粟
See also: 栗
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]粟 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一田火木 (MWFD), four-corner 10904, composition ⿱覀米)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 908, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26922
- Dae Jaweon: page 1334, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3146, character 17
- Unihan data for U+7C9F
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 粟 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 粟 | |
| alternative forms | 𥻆 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]Pictogram (象形) in oracle bone script. During the Warring States period, phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *soɡ): phonetic 角 (OC *kroːɡ, *ɡ·roːɡ) + semantic 米 (“rice”). 角 corrupted into 𠧪, thus getting the intermediate form 𥻆. Eventually, it was further corrupted into 西.
In ancient times, this character was used to indicate rice kernels with husk, while 米 was used to indicate rice without husk.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): suk1
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): sṳ̆
- Eastern Min (BUC): sé̤ṳk / chióh
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): corh6 / soeh6 / syeh6
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 7soq / 8soq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sù
- Wade–Giles: su4
- Yale: sù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suh
- Palladius: су (su)
- Sinological IPA (key): /su⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: suk1
- Yale: sūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: suk7
- Guangdong Romanization: sug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sʊk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siuk
- Hakka Romanization System: xiugˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xiug5
- Sinological IPA: /si̯uk̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ̆
- Sinological IPA (key): /sy²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sé̤ṳk / chióh
- Sinological IPA (key): /søyʔ²⁴/, /t͡sʰuɔʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- sé̤ṳk - literary;
- chióh - vernacular.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: corh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɒʔ¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: corh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɒʔ²/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: soeh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬœʔ¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: syeh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬyøʔ²/
- (Putian)
Note:
- corh6 - vernacular;
- soeh6/syeh6 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
- Tâi-lô: tshiak
- Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek
- Tâi-lô: tshik
- Phofsit Daibuun: zheg
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/
Note:
- siok - literary;
- chhiak/chhek - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: cêg4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshek
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰek̚²/
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Suzhou, Kunshan, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
- Wugniu: 7soq
- MiniDict: soh入
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 4soq
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /soʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Jiading): /soʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /soʔ⁴⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /soʔ⁴³/
- Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /soʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /soʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /soʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /soʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /soʔ⁴⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /soʔ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /soʔ⁵⁵/
- (Northern: Chongming)
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Suzhou, Kunshan, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
- Middle Chinese: sjowk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ok/
- (Zhengzhang): /*soɡ/
Definitions
[edit]粟
- foxtail millet (Setaria italica)
- grains in general
- (Cantonese) Short for 粟米 (“corn; maize”).
- (Min) paddy; unhulled rice
- (Mainland China Hokkien) rice hull; rice husk
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 粟, 禾, 嘉穀, 稷 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 粟 | |
| Taxonomic name | 粟 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 穀子 |
| Harbin | 穀子 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 穀子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 穀 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 穀子 |
| Wanrong | 穀 | |
| Xi'an | 穀子 | |
| Xining | 穀子 | |
| Xuzhou | 穀子 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 穀子 |
| Lanzhou | 穀子 | |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 小米 |
| Wuhan | 粟穀 grain | |
| Guiyang | 小米 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 小米 |
| Yangzhou | 穀子 | |
| Hefei | 穀子 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 狗尾粟, 粟 |
| Yangjiang | 狗尾粟, 粟仔 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 粟仔, 黃粟仔, 狗尾粟 |
| Yudu | 狗尾粟, 貓尾粟, 黃粟 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 粟 plant, 粟穀 grain |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 穀子, 穀 |
| Xinzhou | 穀 | |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 蘆粟, 狗尾粟 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 秮, 犬尾秮 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 黍仔 |
| Chaozhou | 秮 | |
| Jieyang | 秮 | |
| Haikou | 粟 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 粟禾 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 小米 |
| Suzhou | 粟 | |
| Danyang | 小米 | |
| Wenzhou | 粟米 | |
| Jinhua | 粟兒 plant, 粟穀 grain | |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 魚子粟 |
Compounds
[edit]- 一絲半粟 / 一丝半粟
- 不食周粟 (bù shí Zhōu sù)
- 包粟 (bāosù)
- 千鍾粟 / 千钟粟
- 厲兵粟馬 / 厉兵粟马
- 太倉一粟 / 太仓一粟
- 天粟馬角 / 天粟马角 (tiānsùmǎjiǎo)
- 宍粟 (Ròusù)
- 寒粟子
- 寸絲半粟 / 寸丝半粟
- 尺寸斗粟
- 尺布斗粟
- 布帛菽粟 (bùbóshūsù)
- 廩粟 / 廪粟
- 斗粟囊金
- 斗粟尺布
- 杯水粒粟
- 滄海一粟 / 沧海一粟 (cānghǎiyīsù)
- 粟仔
- 粟帛 (sùbó)
- 粟特 (Sùtè)
- 粟米 (sùmǐ)
- 粟米草 (sùmǐcǎo)
- 粟粉 (sùfěn)
- 粟紅貫朽 / 粟红贯朽
- 粟陳貫朽 / 粟陈贯朽
- 粟飯 / 粟饭 (sùfàn)
- 粟鳥仔 / 粟鸟仔
- 納粟 / 纳粟
- 練兵積粟 / 练兵积粟
- 罌粟 / 罂粟 (yīngsù)
- 罌粟花 / 罂粟花
- 義粟仁漿 / 义粟仁浆
- 脫粟 / 脱粟
- 菽粟 (shūsù)
- 蘆粟 / 芦粟 (lúsù)
- 論貴粟疏 / 论贵粟疏
- 貫朽粟紅 / 贯朽粟红
- 貫朽粟腐 / 贯朽粟腐
- 貫朽粟陳 / 贯朽粟陈
- 起粟
- 金粟 (jīnsù)
- 金粟箋 / 金粟笺
- 金粟蘭 / 金粟兰
- 鈿粟 / 钿粟
- 飛芻輓粟 / 飞刍挽粟
References
[edit]- “粟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]粟
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: そく (soku)
- Kan-on: しょく (shoku)
- Kan’yō-on: ぞく (zoku)
- Kun: あわ (awa, あわ)←あは (afa, 粟, historical)、もみ (momi, 粟)
Etymology
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 粟 |
| あわ Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *apa (“millet”). Cognate with Okinawan 粟 (ā), Miyako 粟 (ā), and Yaeyama 粟 (ā).
Noun
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ “粟・粱”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰo̞k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [속]
Hanja
[edit]
粟 • (sok) (hangeul 속, revised sok, McCune–Reischauer sok, Yale sok)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]粟: Hán Nôm readings: thóc, túc
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading あわ
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading あは
- Japanese kanji with kun reading もみ
- Japanese terms spelled with 粟 read as あわ
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