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kost

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Kost, köst, kosť, køst, and košt

Cornish

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Noun

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kost m (plural kostys or kostow)

  1. cost, charge, expense

Derived terms

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Noun

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kost m (plural kostys)

  1. coast, district, region

Mutation

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Mutation of kost
unmutated soft aspirate hard mixed mixed after 'th
kost gost host unchanged unchanged unchanged

Czech

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Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

Etymology

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Inherited from Old Czech kost, from Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈkost]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: kost
  • Rhymes: -ost

Noun

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kost f (related adjective kostní, diminutive kůstka)

  1. bone (any of the components of an endoskeleton, made of bone)
  2. (colloquial) girl, woman

Declension

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Derived terms

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adjectives
nouns

Further reading

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  • kost”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • kost”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • kost”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Danish

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse kostr, from Middle Low German kost, koste, German Kosten, borrowed from Medieval Latin costa, which is derived from the verb constare.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kost c (singular definite kosten, not used in plural form)

  1. food (any substance consumed by living organisms to sustain life)
  2. diet (food a person or animal consumes, habitual consumption)
  3. board (regular meals or the amount paid for them in a place of lodging)

Etymology 2

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From Old Danish kwast, kwost, kost, from Old Norse *kvǫstr, from Proto-Germanic *kwastuz. Doublet of kvast ("tassel"), related to Swedish kvast, German Quaste (tassel), and Dutch kwast.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kost c (singular definite kosten, plural indefinite koste)

  1. broom, besom
  2. brush
Inflection
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Descendants
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  • Icelandic: kústur

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost.

Noun

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kost m (plural kosten, diminutive kostje n)

  1. cost, price
  2. (in the plural) expenses
  3. (used absolutely, with definite article) board, livelihood, meals and lodgings
  4. food, nourishment
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Afrikaans: kos (food)
  • Negerhollands: kost
  • Indonesian: kos (lodgings)

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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kost

  1. inflection of kosten:
    1. first/second/third-person singular present indicative
    2. imperative

Anagrams

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German

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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kost

  1. inflection of kosen:
    1. third-person singular present
    2. second-person plural present subjunctive
    3. plural imperative

Hungarian

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Etymology

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kos +‎ -t

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kost

  1. accusative singular of kos

Icelandic

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Noun

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kost

  1. indefinite accusative singular of kostur

Latvian

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Etymology

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From *kansti, from Proto-Baltic *kond-t(e)i, from an ablauted form *kond- of Proto-Indo-European *ken- (to rub, to scratch, to scrape) (whence also kniest (to itch), q.v.) with an extra -d. Cognates include Lithuanian ką́sti, Proto-Slavic *kǫsъ (Old Church Slavonic кѫсъ (kǫsŭ), Russian кус (kus, mouthful), кусать (kusatʹ, to bite, to sting), Bulgarian къ́сам (kǎ́sam, to bite, to sting), Czech kousati, Polish kąsać (to bite, to sting)), Sanskrit खादति (khā́dati, to bite, to eat), Ancient Greek κνώδοντες (knṓdontes, metal teeth on sword).[1]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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kost (transitive, 1st conjugation, present kožu, kod, kož, past kodu)

  1. to bite, to take a bite (to use one's teeth to press, to cut off a piece of something)
    kost maizes kumosuto bite (off) a mouthful of bread
    kost riekstuto bite a nut, to break its shell with one's teeth
    kost auklu, diegu ar zobiemto bite (= cut) a string, a cord with (one's) teeth
    desu koda, Pāvils no viena gala, Roberts no otrathey bit the sausage, Pāvils from one end, Roberts from the other
    Baiba kož maizi pa mazam gabaliņam, lai ilgāk pietiktuBaiba bites the bread in small bites, so that it lasts longer
    smeikli kaklu nelauzīs, bez zobiem riekstu nekodīslaughter won't break (one's) neck, without teeth (one) won't bite (= break open) a nut
  2. to bite in (to press, to sink one's teeth into something)
    kost tomātā, ābolāto bite (in) a tomato, an apple
    Andris kāri kož biezajā sviestmaizēAndris bit (in) the thick sandwich with appetite
  3. to bite, to chew (to reduce (usually food) to pieces with one's teeth)
    Julcīte savu cukura gabaliņu iemet mutē un kož kraukšķinādama un tīksminādamāsJulcīte threw her sugar cube into (her) mouth and bit, chewed, crunching and enjoying it
    kaza kož lapas ar saviem asajiem zobiemthe goat is biting, chewing leaves with its sharp teeth
  4. (colloquial) to eat a little, to have a bite
    viņa no rīta nav kumosu kodusishe hasn't had a bite (= anything to eat) since morning
  5. to bite (to be able to bite; to sink one's teeth into something in order to hurt or kill; (of insects) to sting)
    čūska kožthe snake bites
    svešs zvērs var pēkšņi kosta strange animal may suddenly bite
    vilks koda avisthe wolf bit the sheep
    kostas brūcesbitten wounds (i.e., wounds from bites)
    odi, blusas, dunduris kožmosquitoes, fleas, horseflies bite
    mušas koda kā trakasthe flies bit like crazy
    visu nedēļu dunduri koduši miesuall week the horseflies have been biting (our) flesh
  6. (figuratively, of hard, sharp objects) to cause sudden sharp pain
    vajadzēs tev savaldīties: ganu rīkstes kožyou will have to be careful: the shepherd's rod bites (= hurts)
  7. (figuratively, of words, thoughts) to cause sudden discomfort
    visvairāk kremt un kož tā aušīgā iedomathat flighty whim gnaws and bites most of all
  8. (of cold or hot weather) to bite (to freeze or heat so much that they no longer grow)
    salnas kosta bērza lapa, ziedusthe frosts bit the birch leaves, the flowers
    saulstaru kosta zālesun(rays)-bitten grass
  9. (of time, rust) to damage or destroy slowly
    rūsa nespēj kostrust won't be able to bite it
    laika kostais kuršu zobenstime-bitten (worn-out) Curonian sword
  10. to bite (to cause a sore, burning sensation)
    sinepes kož mēlēmust bites the tongue
    dūmi sāka kost acīs un kaklāthe smoke started biting in the eyes and throat
    sviedri ritēja pāri pierei un koda acīsthe sweat ran past (his) forehead and bit in (his) eyes
    laukā asi koda salsoutside, the frost bit sharp
    vaigos kož sals, un sniegs jautri gurkst zem zābaku zolēmthe frost bit in the cheeks, and the snow crunched under the boot soles
    rupji krekli kož ādācoarse shirts bite the skin
  11. (of bright lights, colors) to bite (to cause a feeling of pain in the eyes)
    lielās dzīvsudraba spuldzes ir tik spilgtas, ka kož acīsthe large mercury lamps are so bright that they bite in the eyes
    lakats bija jauns un košs, par daudz košs, koda acīsthe scarf was new and bright, too bright: it bit in the eyes
  12. (of tools, blades) to be sharp when in use, to cut well
    zāģis koda labithe saw bit (= cut) well
    jūsu gudrība ka truls nazis: spīdēt spīd, bet nekožyour wisdom (is) like a dull knife: it does shine, but it doesn't bite (= doesn't cut)
  13. to bite (to press one's teeth, usually expressing tension)
    kost zobus lūpāto bite (lit. to bite one's teeth) in(to) one's lip
    meitene koda lūpā, līdz tā kļuva baltathe girl bit her lip until it became white
  14. to bite (to make something, usually a gap, hole, etc., with one's teeth)
    Kains gurķa auglī dižu robu kodīsKains will bite a big hole in the cucumber plant

Conjugation

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Derived terms

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prefixed verbs:
other derived terms:
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References

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  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “kost”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Mòcheno

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Etymology

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From Middle High German kost, koste, from Medieval Latin costa, from Latin cōnstō. Cognate with German Kost.

Noun

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kost f

  1. dish (specific type of food)

References

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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kost m (definite singular kosten, indefinite plural koster, definite plural kostene)

  1. a broom or brush
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Old Norse kostr.

Noun

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kost m (definite singular kosten, uncountable)

  1. diet (what one usually eats, not a restricted diet)
  2. board
    kost og losji - board and lodging
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Alternative forms

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Verb

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kost

  1. past participle of kose
  2. imperative of koste

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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kost m (definite singular kosten, indefinite plural kostar, definite plural kostane)

  1. a broom or brush
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Old Norse kostr.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kost m (definite singular kosten, uncountable)

  1. diet (what one usually eats, not a restricted diet)
  2. board
    kost og losji - board and lodging

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Participle

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kost

  1. past participle of kosa

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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kost

  1. imperative of kosta

Etymology 5

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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kost

  1. imperative of kosta

References

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Old Czech

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kost f

  1. bone

Declension

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Descendants

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Further reading

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Serbo-Croatian

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Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sh

Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kȏst f (Cyrillic spelling ко̑ст)

  1. bone

Declension

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Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • kost”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
  • Pero Budmani, editor (1898–1903), “kȏst”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika[2] (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 5, Zagreb: JAZU, page 368

Slavomolisano

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Etymology

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From Serbo-Croatian kost.

Noun

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kost m

  1. bone

Declension

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References

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  • Antonietta Marra (2012), “Contact phenomena in the Slavic of Molise: some remarks about nouns and prepositional phrases” in Morphologies in Contact.

Slovene

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Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sl

Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *kostь.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kọ̑st f

  1. bone

Inflection

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The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent
nom. sing. kóst
gen. sing. kostí
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik)
kóst kostí kostí
genitive
(rodȋlnik)
kostí kostí kostí
dative
(dajȃlnik)
kôsti kostéma kostém
accusative
(tožȋlnik)
kóst kostí kostí
locative
(mẹ̑stnik)
kôsti kostéh kostéh
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik)
kostjó kostéma kostmí

Further reading

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  • kost”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • kost”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references

Swedish

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Etymology

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From Old Norse kostr, from Middle Low German kost, koste.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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kost c

  1. diet, food (The food and beverage a person or animal habitually consumes, or food more generally)
    kost och logi
    food and accommodation

Declension

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Declension of kost
nominative genitive
singular indefinite kost kosts
definite kosten kostens
plural indefinite
definite

See also

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  • diet (diet, controlled food regime)
  • livsmedel (foodstuff)
  • mat (food)

Further reading

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Anagrams

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