mes

See also: Appendix:Variations of "mes"

Languages (37)

English

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Afrikaans • Albanian • Aragonese • Aromanian • Asturian • Atong (India) • Catalan • Cornish • Dutch • Franco-Provençal • French • Galician • Garo • Gothic • Indonesian • Kalasha • Ladino • Latgalian • Latvian • Lithuanian • Lombard • Megleno-Romanian • Occitan • Old English • Old French • Old Galician-Portuguese • Old Irish • Old Occitan • Old Prussian • Portuguese • Rohingya • Romansch • Spanish • Sumerian • Swedish • Zoogocho Zapotec

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Page categories

English

Noun

mes

1. plural of me

   If I travelled back in time to witness my own birth, would there be two mes?

Anagrams

• EMS, EMs, Ems, MSE, SEM, SME, Sem, ems, sem

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch mes, from Middle Dutch mets, mes, contraction of *metses, from Old Dutch *metisas, *metsas, from Proto-West Germanic *matisahs (“food knife”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mɛs/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

mes (plural messe)

1. knife

Derived terms

• knipmes
• slagmes

Descendants

• → Zulu: umese
  • Fanagalo: mes (or directly)

Albanian

Alternative forms

• midis

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *meTi, *meTśi-, from Proto-Indo-European *me-t/dhi (“with, middle”), ultimately from *medʰyo-. Cognate to Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌸 (miþ, “with”). It might represent a devoiced variant of mez. A loan from Modern Greek μέσος (mésos, “in the middle”) is not excluded.

Noun

mes m (plural mese, definite mesi, definite plural meset)

1. middle

Declension

Declension of mes

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	mes	mesi	mese	meset
accusative		mesin
dative	mesi	mesit	meseve	meseve
ablative			mesesh

Derived terms

• mesditë
• mesnatë

See also

• midis

Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin mensis.

Noun

mes m (plural meses)

1. month

References

• Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002) “mes”, in Dizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza, →ISBN

Aromanian

Etymology

From Latin mensis.

Noun

mes m (plural mesh)

1. month

Synonyms

• (month): lunã

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin mensis.

Noun

mes m (plural meses)

1. month

Atong (India)

Etymology

Cognate with Garo mes. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Noun

mes

1. sheep

References

• van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

Catalan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Catalan mes, from Latin mēnsem (“month”), from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s (“moon, month”). Compare Occitan mes, French mois, Spanish mes.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈmes]
• Homophone: més
• Rhymes: -es

Noun

mes m (plural mesos)

1. month

Derived terms

• mesada

Related terms

• mensual

See also

• (Gregorian calendar months) mes del calendari gregorià; gener, febrer, març, abril, maig, juny, juliol, agost, setembre, octubre, novembre, desembre ^{(Category: ca:Months)}

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Catalan mas, mays, from Latin magis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈmes]
• Homophone: més
• Rhymes: -es

Adverb

mes

1. but

Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin missus, perfect passive participle of mittere.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈmɛs]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ˈməs]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈmes]
• Rhymes: -es

Participle

mes (feminine mesa, masculine plural mesos, feminine plural meses)

1. past participle of metre

Etymology 4

Inherited from Vulgar Latin mās, reduced form of Latin meās.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /məs/ (always unstressed)
• (Valencia, Alghero) IPA^(key): /mes/ (always unstressed)

Determiner

mes

1. feminine plural of mon

References

• “mes” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “mes”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “mes” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “mes” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cornish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *magestus, from *magos.

Noun

mes m (plural mesyow)

1. open field
2. open country

Adverb

mes

1. out

Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *messus (“acorn”). Cognate with Welsh mes (“acorns”), Breton mez (“acorns”).

Noun

mes m (singulative mesen)

1. (collective) acorns

Etymology 3

Conjunction

mes

1. but

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch mets, mes, contraction of *metses, from Old Dutch *metisas, *metsas, from Proto-West Germanic *matisahs (“food knife”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mɛs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: mes
• Rhymes: -ɛs
• Homophone: Mesch

Noun

mes n (plural messen, diminutive mesje n)

1. knife, cleaver
2. (informal) blade

Derived terms

• afbreekmes
• botermes
• broodmes
• hakmes
• kaasmes
• kapmes
• knipmes
• messenslijper
• messentrekker
• oestermes
• paletmes
• schildersmes
• slagersmes
• snoeimes
• springmes
• stanleymes
• steekmes
• vilmes
• vleesmes
• vlindermes
• vouwmes
• werpmes
• zakmes

 

Descendants

• Afrikaans: mes
  • → Zulu: umese
    • Fanagalo: mes (or directly)
• Berbice Creole Dutch: mesi
• Jersey Dutch: määs
• Negerhollands: mes
• Skepi Creole Dutch: masa
• → Indonesian: mes (“medical knife”)
• → Japanese: メス (mesu, “medical knife”)
• → Korean: 메스 (meseu, “medical knife”)
• → Loup A: meschu (from the diminutive form)
• → Malagasy: méso, mésa

Franco-Provençal

Determiner

mes

1. feminine plural of mon
2. Alternative form of mos, masculine plural of mon

French

Etymology

From Old French mes, from Latin meōs, meī and meās, meae.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mɛ/, (in liaison) /mɛ.z‿/
• IPA^(key): /me/, (in liaison) /me.z‿/

• Audio:

  (file)

Determiner

mes pl

1. my (when referring to a plural noun)

   Mes clés sont dans ma poche.

   My keys are in my pocket.

Related terms

French possessive determiners

			Possessee
			singular		plural
			m	f
Possessor	singular	1st	mon1	ma	mes
		2nd	ton1	ta	tes
		3rd	son1	sa	ses
	plural	1st	notre		nos
		2nd	votre2		vos2
		3rd	leur		leurs

¹ Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.

² Also used as the polite singular form.

For the singular persons there are gender-neutral neologisms man, tan, san. These are extremely rare.

Descendants

• Louisiana Creole: mê

Further reading

• “mes”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Galician

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese mes, from Latin mensis. Compare Portuguese mês and Spanish mes.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmes/ [ˈmes̺]
• Rhymes: -es

Noun

mes m (plural meses)

1. month

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “mes”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “mes”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “mes”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “mes”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Garo

Noun

mes

1. lamb

Gothic

Romanization

mes

1. Romanization of 𐌼𐌴𐍃

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmɛs]
• Hyphenation: mès

Etymology 1

From Dutch mess (“mess”), from English mess, from Middle English mes, partly from Old English mēse, mēose (“table”); and partly from Old French mes, Late Latin missum, from mittō (“to put, place (e.g. on the table)”). Doublet of misa.

Noun

mès

1. mess (hall)

Etymology 2

From English mesh, from Middle English mesche, from Old English masc (“net”) (perhaps influenced in form by related Old English mæscre (“mesh, spot”)) both from Proto-Germanic *maskrǭ, *maskwǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *mezg- (“to knit, twist, plait”).

Noun

mès

1. (engineering) mesh, structure or opening.

Etymology 3

From Dutch mest (“manure”), from Middle Dutch mest, from Old Dutch *mist, from Proto-Germanic *mihstuz. Semantic loan from Dutch kunstmest (“artificial fertilizer”).

Noun

mès

1. (colloquial) artificial fertilizer.

Etymology 4

From Dutch mes (“blade”), from Middle Dutch mets, mes, contraction of *metses, from Old Dutch *metisas, *metsas, from Proto-West Germanic *matisahs (“food knife”). Cognate of Japanese メス (mesu, “medical knife”) and Korean 메스 (meseu, “medical knife”).

Noun

mès

1. (surgery, colloquial) scalpel, blade, medical knife.

   Synonyms: bisturi, pisau bedah, pisau operasi, skalpel

   Kemudian tampak fasia, diinsisi dengan memberikan mes no 22 dan dijepit dengan memberikan pinset cirurgis. ― Fascia appeared, incised with 22 blade and clamped with surgical forceps.

   Berikan mes no 15 dan pinset chirurgi pada operator untuk insisi kulit sampai fasia. ― Give the blade 15 and surgical forceps to the operator for skin incision to the fascia.

Further reading

• “mes” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Kalasha

Noun

mes

1. table

Ladino

Alternative forms

• mez

Noun

mes m (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling מיס)

1. month

Latgalian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mes. Cognates include Latvian mēs and Lithuanian mes.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmʲæs]
• Hyphenation: mes

Pronoun

mes

1. we

Declension

Declension of mes

	singular	plural
nominative	es	mes
genitive	mane, mani	myusu
dative	maņ	mums
accusative	mani	myus
locative	manī	myusūs

See also

Latgalian personal pronouns

	first	second	third (a.)		third (l.)
			m	f	m	f
singular	es	tu	jis	jei	šys	šei
plural	mes	jius	jī	juos	šī	šuos

References

• Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 35

Latvian

Pronoun

mes (personal, 1st person plural)

1. (dialectal, archaic) we; alternative form of mēs

Lithuanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mʲæːs/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mes; compare Latvian mēs, Old Prussian mes, Proto-Slavic *my; akin to Old Armenian մեք (mekʻ). This form in m replaced Proto-Indo-European *wéy (“we”), probably after the 1st person plural verbal suffix -me. At the East-Baltic stage, the oblique forms were rebuilt by analogy with jūs. Compare the Old Prussian oblique forms nūsan, nūmans, and Old Church Slavonic насъ, намъ (nasŭ, namŭ), from *n̥s-, nos-.

Pronoun

mẽs

1. we (first-person plural pronoun)

Declension

declension of mes

	singular		dual		plural
nominative	àš		mùdu m, mùdvi f		mẽs
genitive	manę̃s		mùdviejų		mū́sų
dative	mán		mùdviem		mùms
accusative	manè		mùdu m, mùdvi f		mùs
instrumental	manimì, manim̃		mùdviem		mumìs
locative	manyjè, manỹ		mùdviese		mumysè

See also

Lithuanian personal pronouns

	singular (vienaskaita)					dual (dviskaita)							plural (daugiskaita)					reflexive (sangrąžiniai)
	1st person (pirmasis asmuo)	2nd person (antrasis asmuo)	3rd person (trečiasis asmuo)			1st person		2nd person		3rd person			1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			m	f		m	f	m	f	m	f				m	f
nominative (vardininkas)	àš	tù	jìs, jisaĩ	jì, jinaĩ		mùdu	mùdvi	jùdu	jùdvi	juõdu, jiẽdu	jiẽdvi		mẽs	jū̃s	jiẽ	jõs		-
genitive (kilmininkas)	manę̃s	tavę̃s	jõ	jõs		mùdviejų		jùdviejų		jų̃dviejų			mū́sų	jū́sų	jų̃			savę̃s
dative (naudininkas)	mán	táu	jám	jái		mùdviem		jùdviem		jõdviem			mùms	jùms	jíems	jóms		sáu
accusative (galininkas)	manè	tavè	jį̃	ją̃		mùdu	mùdvi	jùdu	jùdvi	juõdu	jiẽdvi		mùs	jùs	juõs	jàs		savè
instrumental (įnagininkas)	manimì, manim̃	tavimì, tavim̃	juõ	jà		mùdviem		jùdviem		jõdviem			mumìs	jumìs	jaĩs	jomìs		savimì, savim̃
locative (vietininkas)	manyjè, manỹ	tavyjè, tavỹ	jamè	jojè		mùdviese		jùdviese		jiẽdviese			mumysè	jumysè	juosè	josè		savyjè, savỹ
possessive (savybiniai)	màno	tàvo	jõ	jõs		mùdviejų		jùdviejų		jų̃dviejų			mū́sų	jū́sų	jų̃			sàvo

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

mès

1. third-person future indicative of mèsti

Lombard

Alternative forms

• mis (Bergamasque)

Etymology

From Latin mensis (“month”). Compare French mois, Italian mese, Portuguese mês, Romansch main, Spanish mes.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mez/

Noun

mes m (Milanese)

1. month

Further reading

• mes at Lombard Wiktionary

Megleno-Romanian

Etymology

From Latin mensis.

Noun

mes

1. month

Occitan

Etymology 1

From Old Occitan mes, from Latin mensis (“month”). Compare French mois, Italian mese, Portuguese mês, Romansch main, Spanish mes.

Noun

mes m (plural meses)

1. month

Etymology 2

Verb

mes

1. past participle of metre

Old English

Etymology

Uncertain. Perhaps derived from Proto-West Germanic *mihsu, the nominative/accusative plural of *mihs (“dung, excrement; urine”), reanalysed as a singular noun. Compare Old Frisian mēse (“urine”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mes/

Noun

mes f

1. dung
2. (in the plural) fertiliser, manure

Declension

Strong ō-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	mes	mesa, mese
accusative	mese	mesa, mese
genitive	mese	mesa
dative	mese	mesum

See also

• meox
• miċġe
• mīġan

Old French

Etymology 1

From Latin magis.

Alternative forms

• mais

Conjunction

mes

1. but

Descendants

• French: mais

Etymology 2

From Latin meōs, meī and meās, meae.

Determiner

mes m pl or f pl

1. my (first-person plural possessive)

Descendants

• French: mes

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Latin mēnsis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mes]
• Rhymes: -es
• Hyphenation: mes

Noun

mes m (plural meses)

1. month
   • 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, , cantiga 5 ([ facsimile]), lines 135–140:

     Muitos gafos sãou a Emperadriz en aquele mes;
     mas de grand' algo que porên lle davan ela ren non pres,
     mas andou en muitas romarías, e depois ben a tres
     meses entrou na cidade de Roma, u ér' o cortês
     Emperador, que a chamou e disso-lle: “Ves?
     Guári-m' est' irmão gaf', e dar-ch-ei grand' haver.”

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Descendants

• Fala: mes
• Galician: mes
• Portuguese: mês

Further reading

• Manuel Ferreiro (2014–2024) “mes”, in Universo Cantigas. Edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa (in Galician), A Coruña: UDC, →ISSN

Old Irish

Noun

mes m

1. Alternative spelling of mess

Mutation

Mutation of mes

radical	lenition	nasalization
mes also mmes after a proclitic ending in a vowel	mes pronounced with /β̃(ʲ)-/	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin mensis. Gallo-Romance cognate with Old French mois.

Noun

mes m (oblique plural mes, nominative singular mes, nominative plural mes)

1. month

Descendants

• Occitan: mes

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “mensis”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 6/1: Mabile–Mephitis, page 713

Old Prussian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wéy, with the initial m- appearing due to influence from the first-person verbal suffix and the first-person singular object pronoun. Cognate with Latvian mēs, Lithuanian mẽs, Proto-Slavic *my, Old Armenian մեք (mekʻ).

Pronoun

mes

1. we, the first person plural pronoun

Declension

See as for declension of mes.

References

• Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997) “mes”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]‎^[1] (in Lithuanian), Vilnius
• W. R. Schmalstieg (1971) “New Look at the Old Prussian Pronoun”, in Baltistica VII(2), Vilnius: Vilniau Universitetas

Portuguese

Noun

mes m (plural meses)

1. Pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) of mês.

Rohingya

Alternative forms

• 𐴔𐴠𐴏𐴢 (mes) — Hanifi Rohingya script

Etymology

From Persian [Term?].

Noun

mes (Hanifi spelling 𐴔𐴠𐴏𐴢)

1. table

Romansch

Adjective

mes m (feminine mia)

1. (possessive) my

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin mēnsis (“month”). Compare Catalan mes, Italian mese, Portuguese mês, Romansch mais.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmes/ [ˈmes]

  • Audio (Peru):

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -es
• IPA^(key): (Murcia, Eastern Andalusia) [mɛː]
• Syllabification: mes

Noun

mes m (plural meses)

1. month

   Mi mes favorito es enero.

   My favourite month is January.

Derived terms

• llegar a fin de mes

 

Related terms

• mensual
• mensualidad
• semestre
• sietemesino
• trimestre

 

See also

• (Gregorian calendar months) mes del calendario gregoriano; enero, febrero, marzo, abril, mayo, junio, julio, agosto, septiembre, octubre, noviembre, diciembre ^{(Category: es:Months)}

Further reading

• “mes”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Sumerian

Romanization

mes

1. Romanization of 𒈩 (mes)

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /meːs/

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German mêse, meise, from Old Saxon mēsa, from Proto-West Germanic *maisā, from Proto-Germanic *maisǭ. Cognate to Norwegian Bokmål meis, meise and Norwegian Nynorsk meis, meise.

Noun

mes c

1. a tit (genus Parus), a small bird

Declension

Declension of mes

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	mes	mes
	definite	mesen	mesens
plural	indefinite	mesar	mesars
	definite	mesarna	mesarnas

Related terms

• blåmes
• mesig (“wimpy”)
• stjärtmes

Etymology 2

From Old Swedish mes, mese, likely derived from a verb cognate of Icelandic meita (“cut, chop”). Cognate to Norwegian Bokmål meis and Norwegian Nynorsk meis.

Noun

mes c

1. the metal frame of a backpack

Declension

Declension of mes

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	mes	mes
	definite	mesen	mesens
plural	indefinite	mesar	mesars
	definite	mesarna	mesarnas

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Cognate to Norwegian meis and Dutch miezel.

Noun

mes c

1. (colloquial, derogatory) a wimp, a wuss, a coward

Declension

Declension of mes

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	mes	mes
	definite	mesen	mesens
plural	indefinite	mesar	mesars
	definite	mesarna	mesarnas

Further reading

• mes in Svensk ordbok.
• “mes”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy]‎^[2] (in Swedish), 1937
• mes in Reverso Context (Swedish-English)

Zoogocho Zapotec

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish mesa, from Latin mēnsa.

Noun

mes

1. table

References

• Long C., Rebecca, Cruz M., Sofronio (2000) Diccionario zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 38)‎^[3] (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Coyoacán, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 255