surgo

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsur.ɡo/
• Rhymes: -urɡo
• Hyphenation: sùr‧go

Verb

surgo

1. first-person singular present indicative of surgere

Latin

Alternative forms

• subrigō (only in the archaic transitive usage)

Etymology

From subrigō, surrigō, from sub- (“up from below”) +‎ regō (“lead, rule”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsur.ɡoː/, [ˈs̠ʊrɡoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsur.ɡo/, [ˈsurɡo]

Verb

surgō (present infinitive surgere, perfect active surrēxī, supine surrēctum); third conjugation

1. (intransitive) to rise, to arise, to rise from bed, to get up, to stand up

   Synonyms: ēmergō, assurgō, orior, coorior, oborior

   • 4th c., Jerome, Canticum Canticōrum 2:10

     Surge, properā, amīca mea, formōsa mea, et venī.

     Arise, hurry up, my beloved, my beautiful, and come.

   • ‘’Exsurge, Domine, et iudica causam Tuam; Memor esto improperiorum tuorum, Eorum quae ab insipiente sunt tota Die’’
2. (archaic, transitive) to lift up, to straighten

   Synonyms: levō, allevō, ēlevō, ērigō, excellō, scandō, ēvehō, efferō, sublīmō, tollō, ēdō

   Antonyms: abiciō, dēiciō

3. (of things) to rise in growth, to spring up, grow up; to rise in building, be built
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.830:

     ‘auspicibus vōbīs hoc mihi surgat opus.’

     “May this work of mine rise under your auspices.”
     (Romulus has marked out the walls of Rome and prays for divine favor.)

Conjugation

   Conjugation of surgō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	surgō	surgis	surgit	surgimus	surgitis	surgunt
	imperfect	surgēbam	surgēbās	surgēbat	surgēbāmus	surgēbātis	surgēbant
	future	surgam	surgēs	surget	surgēmus	surgētis	surgent
	perfect	surrēxī	surrēxistī	surrēxit	surrēximus	surrēxistis	surrēxērunt, surrēxēre
	pluperfect	surrēxeram	surrēxerās	surrēxerat	surrēxerāmus	surrēxerātis	surrēxerant
	future perfect	surrēxerō	surrēxeris	surrēxerit	surrēxerimus	surrēxeritis	surrēxerint
passive	present	surgor	surgeris, surgere	surgitur	surgimur	surgiminī	surguntur
	imperfect	surgēbar	surgēbāris, surgēbāre	surgēbātur	surgēbāmur	surgēbāminī	surgēbantur
	future	surgar	surgēris, surgēre	surgētur	surgēmur	surgēminī	surgentur
	perfect	surrēctus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	surrēctus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	surrēctus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	surgam	surgās	surgat	surgāmus	surgātis	surgant
	imperfect	surgerem	surgerēs	surgeret	surgerēmus	surgerētis	surgerent
	perfect	surrēxerim	surrēxerīs	surrēxerit	surrēxerīmus	surrēxerītis	surrēxerint
	pluperfect	surrēxissem	surrēxissēs	surrēxisset	surrēxissēmus	surrēxissētis	surrēxissent
passive	present	surgar	surgāris, surgāre	surgātur	surgāmur	surgāminī	surgantur
	imperfect	surgerer	surgerēris, surgerēre	surgerētur	surgerēmur	surgerēminī	surgerentur
	perfect	surrēctus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	surrēctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	surge	—	—	surgite	—
	future	—	surgitō	surgitō	—	surgitōte	surguntō
passive	present	—	surgere	—	—	surgiminī	—
	future	—	surgitor	surgitor	—	—	surguntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		surgere	surrēxisse	surrēctūrum esse	surgī	surrēctum esse	surrēctum īrī
participles		surgēns	—	surrēctūrus	—	surrēctus	surgendus, surgundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		surgendī	surgendō	surgendum	surgendō	surrēctum	surrēctū

Derived terms

• assurgō
• cōnsurgō
• dēsurgō
• exsurgō
• īnsurgō
• praesurgō
• prōsurgō
• resurgō

 

Descendants

• Asturian: surdir
• Catalan: sorgir
• English: source, surge
• Old French: sourdre
  • French: sourdre; → surgir
  • Norman: sourdre; → sourguier
  • → Middle English: sourden, sourde
    • English: sourd (obsolete)
• Galician: xurdir
• Italian: sorgere
• Portuguese: surgir, surdir
• Sicilian: sùrgiri
• Spanish: surdir, surgir

References

• “surgo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “surgo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• surgo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to rise from one's bed, get up: e lecto or e cubīli surgere