Andrea Arrighetti is an archaeologist, a research fellow at Univ. of Siena and a contract professor at Univ. of Pavia. He was a Researcher H2020 - MSCA at the École normale supérieure - Université PSL. He was a contract professor at the Univ. of L'Aquila, Siena and Florence. Having specialized in the Archaeology of Architecture, Archeoseismology and Surveying, his main interests are in the study of the construction systems of historical buildings in Italy and abroad.
Pavia hides away the remains of its past. The rare artistic and monumental survivals – considerab... more Pavia hides away the remains of its past. The rare artistic and monumental survivals – considerably modified over the centuries and generally poorly preserved – are difficult to present to the public. The project ‘Pavia capitale e il suo territorio: valorizzazione e divulgazione del patrimonio culturale longobardo tra virtualita, multimedialita e ricerca storico-archeologica’ (Pavia, the capital, and its territory: the development and public fruition of its Longobard cultural heritage – virtual and multimedia presentation, historical and archaeological research) was designed as a vehicle for study and critical evaluation aimed at the conservation and re-evaluation of the ancient building remains in the Longobards’ capital. The project is based on multidisciplinary research, com-bining written sources, narratives and documentary evidence from the Early Middle Ages until modern times, with archaeological investigation of the remains and modern imaging techniques, analytical procedures a...
Pavia hides away the remains of its past. The rare artistic and monumental survivals – considerab... more Pavia hides away the remains of its past. The rare artistic and monumental survivals – considerably modified over the centuries and generally poorly preserved – are difficult to present to the public. The project ‘Pavia capitale e il suo territorio: valorizzazione e divulgazione del patrimonio culturale longobardo tra virtualita, multimedialita e ricerca storico-archeologica’ (Pavia, the capital, and its territory: the development and public fruition of its Longobard cultural heritage – virtual and multimedia presentation, historical and archaeological research) was designed as a vehicle for study and critical evaluation aimed at the conservation and re-evaluation of the ancient building remains in the Longobards’ capital. The project is based on multidisciplinary research, com-bining written sources, narratives and documentary evidence from the Early Middle Ages until modern times, with archaeological investigation of the remains and modern imaging techniques, analytical procedures a...
Indice
An introduction: the Swat Valley and Florence
by Luca Maria Olivieri, Simona Pannuzi
Geol... more Indice An introduction: the Swat Valley and Florence by Luca Maria Olivieri, Simona Pannuzi
Geological overwiew of Gandharan sites and petrographical analysis on Gandharan stucco and clay artefacts by Carlo Rosa, Thomas Theye, Simona Pannuzi
Polychromy and gilding in the Gandharan sculptures from Pakistan and Afghanistan: samplings from Museum Guimet in Paris, Civic Archaeological Museum of Milan and Museum of Oriental Art of Turin by Simona Pannuzi, Fabio Talarico,Giuseppe Guida, Carlo Rosa
The characterisation of paint binders in the polychromies and gildings of the Gandharan artworks by Ilaria Bonaduce, Anna Lluveras Tenorio, Alessia Andreotti, Sibilla Orsini, Maria Perla Colombini, Marialaura Dilillo, Liam Andrew McDonnell
Investigating gilding techniques on Gandharan stone sculptures and architectural components: a preliminary note by Marco Zaminga, Ivana Angelini, Massimo Vidale, Luca Maria Olivieri, Giuseppe Guida
Conservative data on polychrome stucco, stone and clay sculptures and architectonical decoration of Gandharan art by Luciana Festa, Simona Pannuzi
A short note on contexts and chronology of the materials from Saidu Sharif, Amluk-dara, Gumbat and Barikot (Swat) by Luca Maria Olivieri
Clays and colours: tracking technologies and theories of vision in the ancient Buddhist art of Afghanistan by Giulia Forgione
Collections gandhariennes et afghanes à Paris, Musée national des arts asiatiques-Guimet by Pierre Cambon
The Gandharan Collection of the Civic Archaeological Museum of Milan by Anna Provenzali
Investigating gilding techniques on Gandharan stone sculptures and architectural components: a preliminary note by Claudia Ramasso
This paper concerns the path of knowledge that leads to the understanding of the morphology and e... more This paper concerns the path of knowledge that leads to the understanding of the morphology and evolution of the archaeological area discovered in the 1960s below the parish church of Gropina (AR). By dealing with archaeological surveying methods, the attention is focused on the digital survey technologies used, integrating data from laser scanner instruments with photogrammetric ones. The morphological base was necessary for the preparation of stratigraphic analyses, and allowed us to check the previous studies carried out on the building to extract a periodized planimetry. Finally, the digital drawing technologies have allowed us to hypothesize the schematic evolutionary models of the different phases of the building, and to use the digital survey to create a virtual platform through which to interact with the archaeological site, which is now closed to visitors.
The coastal sight towers and the defensive fortresses were in the past distinctive elements of th... more The coastal sight towers and the defensive fortresses were in the past distinctive elements of the coastal landscape. They were distributed in particular along the northern coast of the Mediterranean and were built for sighting purposes from the XVIth century against the raids of barbarian pirates who had their bases in the Maghreb coast. A mineralogical and petrographic characterization of the stone materials and mortars of two coastal towers (i.e. Capodomo and Calamoresca) in ruins of Monte Argentario is shown in the present paper. It was found that local lithotypes (e.g. Calcare Cavernoso, calcitic grey marble, dark grey dolostones) were used as building stones and for production of mortars. A detailed study on mortars was conducted by means of high quality polycrystalline X-ray diffraction, optical and electron microscopy. The analysis reveals the presence of Ca and Mg lime-based mortars in the ruins of Capodomo tower, whereas only Ca lime-based mortars were identified in Calamo...
In the last few years in Italy the scientific community has increasingly focused its interest on ... more In the last few years in Italy the scientific community has increasingly focused its interest on the documentation of Cultural Heritage. The evolution of relief and modeling technologies combined with an outstanding variety of software and hardware available on the market and online has allowed an increasing number of operators to produce three-dimensional models, to elaborate new reflections, studies and popular products. In the archaeological relief field, after an early preponderance of laser tools, interest has recently shifted towards photogrammetric tools, with a switch from stereo-photogrammetry to bundle reconstruction through commercial and open source software available online. In the field of Building Archaeology, the technological evolution has allowed us to continually set new goals, from the increasingly detailed three-dimensional recording of buildings, to the representation of realistic models of the construction phases and the demolition of the buildings over time. ...
EnglishThe damage prevention and restoration of the cultural heritage in seismic risk areas has b... more EnglishThe damage prevention and restoration of the cultural heritage in seismic risk areas has been – and is still – a complex and much discussed subject, related to a vast and heterogeneous seismic situation like the Italian one, with its wealth of historical buildings to preserve. The recent “Guidelines for the evaluation and reduction of the seismic risk of cultural heritage”, issued by MiBAC, underline the necessity of adopting a holistic approach to the analysis of artefacts, by creating an interaction between the collectible data through the use of both humanistic and scientific types of analysis. This paper introduces a methodological approach which integrates the archaeological method with ones from other disciplines (such as historical seismology, structural engineering, science of the earth, architecture). This approach consists in paying particular attention, in a preliminary phase, to the analysis of the seismological catalogues and seismic maps; in the second phase, th...
The church of Sant’Eusebio in Pavia, located in an area that was the heart of the city in the Lom... more The church of Sant’Eusebio in Pavia, located in an area that was the heart of the city in the Lombard age, has attracted a multitude of scholars during the time. Its importance is related to its hypothesized origin as an Arian cathedral, later converted into a Catholic temple and described by Paolo Diacono. The magnificence of ancient times has been today forgotten. All that remains of the building is the crypt: an ‘abandoned’ and scarcely valued monument that deserves to be further investigated and valorised. A new study has then been carried out within a larger project of knowledge, conservation and enhancement of the legacy of the Lombard Kingdom. The research, based on a meticulous historical-archaeological inquiry, was characterized by the study of documentary sources (traditional and complementary) and the stratigraphic analysis of the masonries. The project was characterized by the use of modern survey and diagnostic technologies as well as of the most innovative tools of dig...
The Argentario peninsula, sited in Southern Tuscany, already attended by Etruscans and inhabited ... more The Argentario peninsula, sited in Southern Tuscany, already attended by Etruscans and inhabited by the Romans, during the XIIth century became property of the Aldobrandeschi family whose domains were extended to the whole Southern Tuscany. In 1414 Argentario and the neighboring territories passed under the rule of the Republic of Siena which built a first system of fortifications against the barbarians. In 1557 all the Senese territories passed to Cosimo I de� Medici allied with the Spanish crown which reserved for himself a small coastal strip comprising Orbetello, Talamone, Argentario, Capalbio and part of the Elba island, forming the State of Presidi. The military connotation of the territory was improved, building new coastal towers and numerous fortresses. In this contribution, the study of the building materials (ashlars and bedding mortars) of two selected towers (Capodomo and Calamoresca), is presented trying to find the relationship with the local supply in stones for lime...
Reconstructing the development of architectural complexes throughout time is often very difficult... more Reconstructing the development of architectural complexes throughout time is often very difficult. Buildings are usually a series of constructive actions, changes from the original project, and also collapses and reconstructions due to human actions (such as demolitions) and/or natural (earthquakes, floods, etc.). The building’s structure records all these events, giving us the chance to understand and decode them through the relief. The archaeological relief is thus supposed to offer a complete and rapid documentation. At the same time, it must be enriched with all the information needed for a deeper analysis of the archaeological object itself. In the last years, the introduction and continuous improvements of many instruments (e.g. laser scanners and photogrammetric technologies) have led to a sensible qualitative and quantitative change in the recording of the material structure. In particular, the possibility to combine different relief technologies – obtaining high resolution,...
In the wide, heterogeneous and average seismic panorama of Italy, characterized by a rich presenc... more In the wide, heterogeneous and average seismic panorama of Italy, characterized by a rich presence of architectural heritage to protect, the recent "Guidelines for the evaluation and reduction of the seismic risk of cultural heritage” (MIBAC, 2010) proposed a solution to regulate all interventions in architecture. More closely, the most evident aspect in the publication is the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach in the study of artefacts, an approach obtainable through the interaction of analysis conducted by both scientific and humanistic disciplines. The application of archaeology to the study of architecture in seismic risk areas can contribute in a significant and innovative way to the knowledge of cultural assets and their context, as requested by the ministerial guidelines. In addition, the results obtained from this kind of approach can provide, both quantitatively and qualitatively, additional information on telluric phenomena in antiquity. This data, if well int...
SCIRES-IT : SCIentific RESearch and Information Technology, 2015
The journal SCIRES-IT, in the second issue of 2015, publishes a special number entitled “Survey a... more The journal SCIRES-IT, in the second issue of 2015, publishes a special number entitled “Survey and documentation for Archaeology”. This specific topic, more relevant today than ever, brings together new technologies and archaeology. This number offers a series of contributions that consider different applications of digital technologies in documenting diversified contexts of study. These studies pay particular attention to the spread and promotion of their results among a heterogeneous public.
The application to the study of buildings of archaeoseismology, that is the preventive archaeolog... more The application to the study of buildings of archaeoseismology, that is the preventive archaeological analysis of historical buildings in areas affected by seismic risk, is nowadays a disregarded field. Nevertheless this discipline requires a close examination from a methodological and disciplinary point of view, considering the frequency and destructiveness of earthquakes. The present work deals with the application of the archaeological methods (stratigraphy, chronotipology, characterization of building techniques, etc.) to the modern methodologies of the tridimensional survey, with the purpose of creating a series of products, as the Digital Elevation Models, Orthophotos, Vertical Architectural Sections, Textured and Wireframe 3D Models, all used to highlight the building and restoration history of the edifices. These products are to be used as a cognitive base of the material structure, of the building techniques and the reparation of a specific context, in order to be of great ...
Il volume raccoglie saggi di esperti provenienti da diverse istituzioni di importanza nazionale e... more Il volume raccoglie saggi di esperti provenienti da diverse istituzioni di importanza nazionale e professori universitari intorno al tema del terremoto, con le conseguenti riflessioni sulla vulnerabilità del patrimonio architettonico ed archeologico della Capitanata, sulla sua fragilità – che è poi comune a tanta parte di Italia – e sull’efficacia delle tecniche di consolidamento di cui disponiamo. Un rischio sismico che deve fare i conti oggi anche con problemi di sottoutilizzo, abbandono e carenza di manutenzione che minano il patrimonio e lo espongono a danni ancora maggiori. Tre gli obiettivi che il lavoro si è posto: capire meglio i fenomeni in atto nell’Italia centrale e approfondire i temi della struttura geologica e sismica della Capitanata; valutare con esperti e professionisti il livello della vulnerabilità del patrimonio archeologico e monumentale di questa parte della Puglia; approfondire metodi e tecniche di restauro che ci consentano di esercitare la prevenzione, che resta l’unico sistema per difendersi da eventi sismici.
Andrea Arrighetti, Piero Gilento In S. GIANOLIO (ed.), Archeologia Virtuale. La metodologia prima del software, pp. 49-67, Rome, Espera, 2012
La “descrizione” della struttura materiale richiede un alto grado di oggettività in funzione degl... more La “descrizione” della struttura materiale richiede un alto grado di oggettività in funzione degli interessi scientifici di alcune discipline (documentazione archeologica, conservazione e restauro, tutela dei Beni Culturali). Il dato geometrico e la documentazione fotografica delle superfici risultano gli strumenti migliori per una registrazione efficace, chiara ed oggettiva di un manufatto architettonico e di altre manifestazioni antropiche. In particolare la completezza e la diacronia della documentazione fotografica si è sempre dimostrata essenziale nella registrazione della struttura materiale di edifici storici. L’avanzamento tecnologico ha messo inoltre a disposizione della comunità scientifica dei prodotti da cui si ottengono modelli che, non solo hanno la grande proprietà di rappresentare fotograficamente, con una definizione elevata, le superfici, ma sono anche corretti geometricamente nelle tre dimensioni. In questo modo la documentazione della struttura materiale risulta molto più completa e risponde alle esigenze di una documentazione rapida, ma al contempo ricca di tutte le informazioni necessarie per un’analisi approfondita dell’oggetto.
In Tuscany, the vernacular architecture of the countryside between Siena and Florence (Chianti te... more In Tuscany, the vernacular architecture of the countryside between Siena and Florence (Chianti territory), and the monumental architecture of towns such as Prato and Pistoia together with the surrounding villages, extensively used a local limestone, the Pietra Alberese. It is a grey marly limestone, very resistant to decay, which takes on a whitish colour upon exposure to atmospheric agents. In addition, the Pietra Alberese was used to produce lime, being the only limestone cropping out in this territory. In this work, the Pietra Alberese is characterized, from a geological, mineralogical and petrographic point of view, highlighting its problems of conservation. Furthermore, the use in the historical architecture (both vernacular and monumental) and in the twentieth century architecture is illustrated.
Introduzione a A. Arrighetti, R. Pansini (eds.), Sistemi e tecniche di documentazione, gestione e... more Introduzione a A. Arrighetti, R. Pansini (eds.), Sistemi e tecniche di documentazione, gestione e valorizzazione dell’architettura storica. Alcune recenti esperienze. Archeologia e Calcolatori, 33.1, 2022.
La “descrizione” della struttura materiale richiede un alto grado di oggettività in funzione degl... more La “descrizione” della struttura materiale richiede un alto grado di oggettività in funzione degli interessi scientifici di alcune discipline (documentazione archeologica, conservazione e restauro, tutela dei Beni Culturali). Il dato geometrico e la documentazione fotografica delle superfici risultano gli strumenti migliori per una registrazione efficace, chiara ed oggettiva di un manufatto architettonico e di altre manifestazioni antropiche. In particolare la completezza e la diacronia della documentazione fotografica si è sempre dimostrata essenziale nella registrazione della struttura materiale di edifici storici. L’avanzamento tecnologico ha messo inoltre a disposizione della comunità scientifica dei prodotti da cui si ottengono modelli che, non solo hanno la grande proprietà di rappresentare fotograficamente, con una definizione elevata, le superfici, ma sono anche corretti geometricamente nelle tre dimensioni. In questo modo la documentazione della struttura materiale risulta molto più completa e risponde alle esigenze di una documentazione rapida, ma al contempo ricca di tutte le informazioni necessarie per un’analisi approfondita dell’oggetto.
Resultats de la VIeme campagne archeologique a la villa romaine d'Aiano-Torraccia di Chiusi, ... more Resultats de la VIeme campagne archeologique a la villa romaine d'Aiano-Torraccia di Chiusi, annee 2010.
The coastal sight towers and the defensive fortresses were in the past distinctive elements of th... more The coastal sight towers and the defensive fortresses were in the past distinctive elements of the coastal landscape. They were distributed in particular along the northern coast of the Mediterranean and were built for sighting purposes from the XVIth century against the raids of barbarian pirates who had their bases in the Maghreb coast.A mineralogical and petrographic characterization of the stone materials and mortars of two coastal towers (i.e. Capodomo and Calamoresca) in ruins of Monte Argentario is shown in the present paper. It was found that local lithotypes (e.g. Calcare Cavernoso, calcitic grey marble, dark grey dolostones) were used as building stones and for production of mortars. A detailed study on mortars was conducted by means of high quality polycrystalline X-ray diffraction, optical and electron microscopy. The analysis reveals the presence of Ca and Mg lime-based mortars in the ruins of Capodomo tower, whereas only Ca lime-based mortars were identified in Calamoresca tower.Reaching the towers walking along the paths allows us to know a good part of the lithologies present in the promontory due to the emerging sites in the local morphology; emersion was produced, both because particular lithologies are resistant to the erosion and also because of particular structural or tectonic elements.
The Medici Fortress of San Martino dominates the village of San Piero a Sieve and a large part of... more The Medici Fortress of San Martino dominates the village of San Piero a Sieve and a large part of Mugello intermountain basin. Its construction was promoted by Cosimo I de' Medici in 1569 as a bulwark in defence of the possessions of the family and of the Florentine state and to meet the demands of local populations, to have protection against the continuous pillages perpetrated by armies and bands from the north. It has a polygonal perimeter, including embankments and seven bulwarks. Inside there is a chapel and a donjon with houses for the troops of the Grand Duke of Tuscany. The project is by Baldassarre Lanci and its construction was then completed by Simone Genga and Bernardo Buontalenti. The complex was equipped with effective systems to resist sieges, such as cisterns, warehouses for food and weapons, casemates, kitchens, windmills, armouries, workshops for the repair and construction of cannons and other firearms. Moreover, the hill on which the fortress stands was crossed by a possible secret passage that led to the Sieve river, in order to bring the horses to watering. After the earthquake of 1762 the fortress was closed by the Grand Duke Leopold I of Tuscany who considered it useless, and the peasants of the area went there to inhabit. Later it was abandoned. Almost reduced to ruin and forgotten, today it is undergoing restoration. The study will examine the natural and artificial stone materials used for the building according to mineralogical and petrographic methodologies and will verify any variations that occurred during the construction phases.
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Books by Andrea Arrighetti
Book Chapters by Andrea Arrighetti
An introduction: the Swat Valley and Florence
by Luca Maria Olivieri, Simona Pannuzi
Geological overwiew of Gandharan sites and petrographical
analysis on Gandharan stucco and clay artefacts
by Carlo Rosa, Thomas Theye, Simona Pannuzi
Polychromy and gilding in the Gandharan sculptures from Pakistan and
Afghanistan: samplings from Museum Guimet in Paris, Civic Archaeological Museum of Milan and Museum of Oriental Art of Turin
by Simona Pannuzi, Fabio Talarico,Giuseppe Guida, Carlo Rosa
The characterisation of paint binders in the polychromies
and gildings of the Gandharan artworks
by Ilaria Bonaduce, Anna Lluveras Tenorio, Alessia Andreotti, Sibilla Orsini,
Maria Perla Colombini, Marialaura Dilillo, Liam Andrew McDonnell
Investigating gilding techniques on Gandharan stone sculptures
and architectural components: a preliminary note
by Marco Zaminga, Ivana Angelini, Massimo Vidale, Luca Maria Olivieri, Giuseppe Guida
Conservative data on polychrome stucco, stone and clay sculptures
and architectonical decoration of Gandharan art
by Luciana Festa, Simona Pannuzi
A short note on contexts and chronology of the materials from
Saidu Sharif, Amluk-dara, Gumbat and Barikot (Swat)
by Luca Maria Olivieri
Clays and colours: tracking technologies and theories
of vision in the ancient Buddhist art of Afghanistan
by Giulia Forgione
Collections gandhariennes et afghanes à Paris,
Musée national des arts asiatiques-Guimet
by Pierre Cambon
The Gandharan Collection of the Civic Archaeological Museum of Milan
by Anna Provenzali
Investigating gilding techniques on Gandharan stone sculptures
and architectural components: a preliminary note
by Claudia Ramasso
ISSN 1724-9686/ISSN 2465-2377
Un rischio sismico che deve fare i conti oggi anche con problemi di sottoutilizzo, abbandono e carenza di manutenzione che minano il patrimonio e lo espongono a danni ancora maggiori. Tre gli obiettivi che il lavoro si è posto: capire meglio i fenomeni in atto nell’Italia centrale e approfondire i temi della struttura geologica e sismica della Capitanata; valutare con esperti e professionisti il livello della vulnerabilità del patrimonio archeologico e monumentale di questa parte della Puglia; approfondire metodi e tecniche di restauro che ci consentano di esercitare la prevenzione, che resta l’unico sistema per difendersi da eventi sismici.