Calculo Diferencial E Integral
Calculo Diferencial E Integral
Calculo Diferencial E Integral
Smbolo de funcin y = f ( x )
Se lee: y igual a f de x
x es variable independiente.
y es variable dependiente.
Ejemplo:
Y=f(x)=x22x
x
y
-2
8
-1
3
y = ( -2 ) 2 2 ( -2 ) = 4 + 4 = 8
y = ( -1 ) 2 2 ( -1 ) = 3
y=(0)22(0) = 00 = 0
y = ( 1 ) 2 2 ( 1 ) = 1 2 = -1
y=(2)2-2(2)=0
y=(3)22(3)=96=3
Df = ( - , )
Rf = [ -1 , )
encontrar:
a) y = f ( -2 ) = ( -2 ) 2 2 ( -2 ) 3 = 4 + 4 3 = 5
b) y = f ( 3 ) = ( 3 ) 2 2 ( 3 ) 3 = 9 6 3 = 0
f ( -1 ) (-1) 2 2 ( -1 )-3
1+23 0
2
c) y = f ( 1 ) f ( 2 ) = [ ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) 3 ] [ ( -2 ) 2 2 ( -2 ) 3 ] = [123]
[ 4 + 4 - 3 ] = [ -4 ] [ 5 ] = 20
d) y = f ( x + h ) = ( x + h ) 2 - 2 ( x + h ) 3 = x 2 + 2 x h + h 2 2 x - 2h 3
e) y = f ( x + h ) = f ( x ) = x 2 + 2 x h + h 2 2 x 3 ( x 2 2 x 3 )
= 2xh+h22h
f) y = f ( x + h ) f ( x ) = 2 x h + h 2 2 h = 2 x + h 2
h
h
LIMITES
1) Lim. 3 x 2 2 x = 3 ( 3 ) 2 2 ( 3 ) = 2 ( 9 ) 6 = 27 6 = 21
x 3
lim 3 x 2 2 x = 21
x 3
2) Lim x 4 = 4 4 = 0 = 0
2x
2( 4 ) 8
3) Lim
x 1
x 4
3x = 3(1) = 3 =
x1
11
0
x24
=
(2)24
=
44
= 0 =0
x2+5x+6
( - 2 ) 2 + 5 ( -2 ) + 6
4 10 -+ 6 -6 6
indeterminacin
por lo tanto se factoriza
4) Lim
x -2
Lim
x -2
( x + 2 ) ( x 2 ) = lim
(x+3) (x+2)
x -2
5) Lim
x 8
x 2 = - 2 2_ = -4 = - 4
x+3
-2 + 3
1
x+1 -3 = 8+1 - 3 = 0
x8
88
0
indeterminacin
x 1 - 3 * x + 1 + 3 = lim ( x + 1 ) 2 - ( 3 ) 2
x8
x + 1 + 3 x 8 ( x + 8 ) ( x + 1 +3 )
= lim
x 8
x + 1 9_______ = lim
(x8)(x+1 +3) x 8
=
1____ =
8+1 +3
6) Lim
x
x 8________ = lim
1___
( x 8 ) ( x + 1 +3 )
x 8 x +1+3
1__ = 1_
3+3
6
x 3 2 x 2 + 5 x = lim
x32x2+5x
2
3
x+3x +4x
x __
x 3____________ =
x+3x2+4x3
x3
= lim
x
1 - 2 + 5_
x
x 2___ =
1 + 3 + 4
x2 x
lim
1 = 1
4
x 4
DERIVADA
La derivada es la pendiente tangente a una curva dada.
Matemticamente.
Smbolo de la derivada.
y = D x y = lim
x 0
f(x+x)f(x)
x
Ejemplo:
Derivar mediante de la definicin
D x y = lim
(x+x)2
x0
x
y=f(x)=x2
- x2
D x y = lim
x 2 + 2 x x + D x 2 x 2 = lim
x0
x
x0
= lim
2x+x = 2x
x0
FORMULAS DE DERIVADAS
1) D x c = 0
2) D x x = 1
3) D x x n = n x n 1
4) D x ( u v w ) = D x v D x v D x w
5) D x ( u * v ) = u D x v + v D x u
6) D x u/v = v D x u u D x v
v2
n
n1
7) D x u = n u
Dxu
2xx+x2
x
Ejemplos:
Derivar:
a) y = x 3 2 x + 5
b) y = x 2 36
x+6
y1 = 3x22
y = ( x + 6 ) ( 2 x ) ( x 2 36 ) ( 1 )
(x+6)2
y = 2 x 2 + 12 x + - x 2 + 36 = x 2 + 12 x + 36 = ( x + 6 ) 2 = 1
(x+6)2
(x+6)2
(x+6)2
c) y= x 2 + 2 x
y ( x 2 + 2 x ) - 1 ( 2 x + 2 )
= ( x 2 + 2 x ) 1/2 ( 2 x + 2 )
y=(x2+2x)
y =
2 x 2_____ = 2 ( x + 1 )__
2 (x +2x)
2x2+2x
2
y =
x + 1__
x2+2x
MXIMOS Y MINIMOS
Dada la funcin y = f ( x ) = x 3 - 3 x 2 - 10 x encontrar Mximo y Mnimo, punto de
inflexin y graficar
3
2
Solucin.
y = x 2 - 3 x 10 = 0
(x1-5)(x2+2) = 0
x1 = 5
x 2 = 2 } Puntos Crticos
y = 2 x 3
Es mnimo
y = 2 ( 5 ) 3 = 7
y = 2 ( -2 ) 3 = -7
Es mximo
y1
y = 2 x 3 = 0
x = 3/2 punto de inflexin
= f ( x ) = ( 5 ) 3 3 ( 5 ) 2 10 ( 5 ) = 125 3 ( 25 ) 50 = 41.66 37.5 50 =
3
2
3
- 45.84
y 2 = f ( -2 ) = ( -2 ) 3 3 ( -2 ) 2 10 ( -2 ) = -8 6 + 20 = -8 + 14 = -8 + 42 = 34 =
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
m 1 = f ( x )
m 2 = y( x )
Ejemplo.
Hallar el ngulo entre las curvas.
11.33
x 2 6 x y = -6
-2 x + y = - 7
y = x26x+5
y = 2x7
igualar
y = 2 x 6
y = 2
m1 = 2(6)6 = 6
m2 = 2
x 2 6 + 5 = 2 x 7
x 2 8 x + 12 = 0
(x16) (x22) = 0
x1 = 6
y1 = 5
x2 = 2
y2 = -3
tan =
2 6___
1+(6)(2)
tan = - 4_
13
1
= tan ( -4 / 13 )
1 = 17.10
2 = 162.89
v ( x ) = ( 10 2 x ) ( 10 2 x ) x
v ( x ) = ( 10 2 x ) 2 x = ( 100 40 x + 4 x 2 ) x = 100 x 40 x 2 + 4 x 3
v( x ) = 100 80 x + 12 x 2
v ( x ) = - 80 + 24 x
v ( 5 / 3 ) = - 80 + ( 24 ) ( 5 / 3 ) = - 40
3 x 2 26 x + 25 = 0
x = - ( - 20 ( - 20 ) 2 4 ( 3 ) ( 25 ) = 20 400 300
2(3)
6
x = 20 100 = 20 100 = 20 10
6
6
6
x1 = 5
x 2 = 10 = 5
6
6
Con x = 5 / 3 es mximo
y = cos v v
2) y = cos v
y = - sen v v
3) y = tan v
y = sec 2 v v
4) y = csc v
y = - csc v cot v v
5) y = sec v
y = sec v tan v v
6) y = cot v
y = - csc 2 v v
1) y = Ln v y = v
v
2) y = e v
Ejemplos
y1 = e v * v 1
Derivar
1) y = f ( x ) = cos x 2 sen 3 x y 1 = - sen x 2 ( 2 x ) cos 3 x ( 3 )
y 1 = - 2 x sen x 2 3 cos 3 x
2) y = f ( x ) = tan 2 x 2 + sec 3 x
y1 = f( x ) = sec 2 2 x 2 4 x + sec 3 x tan 3 x ( 3 )
y1 = 4 x sec 2 2 x 2 + 3 sec 3 c tan 3 x
3) y = Ln csc 2 x
y1 = - csc x cot 2 x ( 2 ) =
csc 2 x
4) y = e 3x2
y1 = e 3 x 2 ( 6 x ) y1 = 6 x e 3 x 2
CALCULO INTEGRAL
FORMULAS
i.
du = u+c
ii.
adu = adu
iii.
u m d u = u m +1 + c
m+1
iv.
- 2 cot 2 x
v.
d u = L n u +c
u
vi.
eudu =eu+c
vii.
sen u d u = cos u + c
viii.
cos u d u = sen u + c
ix.
tan u d u = - L n | cos v | + c
x.
ba ( x ) d x = f ( b ) g ( a )|ba
xi.
Ejemplos.
a) ( x 2 2 x + 4 ) d x = x 2 d x - c x d x + 4 d x = x 2 + 1 - 2 x 2 + 4 x + c
+1
2
3
2
=x x +4x+c
3
b) x 2 2 x ( 6 x 6 ) d x
= ( x 2 2 x ) m ( 6 x 6 ) d x = 3 u d u = 3 U 3/2 + c = 2 v 3 + c
v
v = x22x
dv
3/2
2(x22x)3+c
dv = (2x2)dx
c) ( 3 x 3 9 x 2 ) 5 ( 18 x 2 36 x ) d x = v 5 d v = v 6 + 6
6/1
v = 3x 2 9 x 2
d v = ( 9 x 2 18 x ) d x
2
2 6
= 1/12 v 6 + c = 1/12 ( 3 x 9 x ) + c
d) 21 ( x 2 2 x ) d x = 21 d x - 21 x 2 d x - 21 2 x = x 3 2 x 2 | 21 = x 2 x 2 | 21 =
( 2 ) 3 ( 2 ) 2 ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) 2
3
3
= 8/3 4 1/3 + 1 = 8/3 12/3 1/3 + 3/3 =
-2 / 3
A 30 ( x 2 3 x ) d x =
A 30 x 2 d x 3 30 x d x = x 3 / 3 3 x 2 / 2 | 30
A ( 3 ) 3 / 3 - 3 ( 3 ) 2 /2 - ( 0 3 /3 - 3 ( 0 ) 2 /2 )
A 9 27/2 = 18/2 27/2 =
- 9 /2 v 2
dv=6xdx
3. 2 d x = 2 d x =
x+8
x+8
2 Ln | x + 8 | + C
v = x+8
dv = dx