Guia Hta Minsa
Guia Hta Minsa
Guia Hta Minsa
t
i
c
o
s
B
e
t
a
B
l
o
q
u
e
a
d
o
r
e
s
I
E
C
A
A
R
A
I
I
B
C
C
A
N
T
A
L
D
ENSAYOS CLNICOS
BSICOS
Insuficiencia
cardiaca
+
+
+
+
+
ACC/AHA Heart Failure Guideline (40), MERIT-HF (41),
COPERNICUS (42), CIBIS (43), SOLVD (44), AIRE (45),
TRACE (46), ValHEFT (47), RALES (48)
Post-infarto de
miocardio
+
+
+
ACC/AHA Post-MI Guideline (49), BHAT (50), SAVE
(51), CAPRICORN (52), EPHESUS (53)
Enfermedad
coronaria
de alto riesgo
+
+
+
+
ALLHAT (34), HOPE (35), ANBP2 (37), LIFE (33),
CONVINCE (32)
Diabetes
+
+
+
+
+
NKF-ADA Guideline (21,22), UKPDS (54), ALLHAT (34)
Enfermedad renal
Crnica
+
+
NKF Guideline (22), Captopril Trial (55), RENAL (56),
IDNT (57), REIN (58), AASK (59)
Prevencin de
ictus recurrente.
+
+
PROGRESS (36)
*DIUR = diurticos ; B BLOQ = beta bloqueadores ; IECA = inhibidores de enzima convertidora
de andiotensina ; ARA II = antagonistas de los receptores de angiotensina II ; BCC =
bloqueadores de los canales de calcio ; ANT ALD = antagonistas de aldosterona.
7.3.1. Hipertensin resistente :
- La hipertensin es resistente o refractaria al tratamiento cuando las medidas
no farmacolgicas (cambios en el estilo de vida) y el tratamiento
farmacolgico con al menos 3 drogas a dosis apropiadas incluyendo un
diurtico ha fracasado en reducir la PA en forma satisfactoria.
- Es aconsejable referir a un especialista si no se consigue el objetivo de
disminuir la PA.
7.3.2. Urgencias y emergencias hipertensivas :
- Urgencias hipertensivas:
PAD> 120-130 mmHg
Asociado a disfuncin de rganos vitales.
Requiere disminucin de HTA inmediato.
CAUSAS DE HIPERTENSIN RESISTENTE
Causa secundaria no sospechada
Pobre adherencia al plan teraputico
Dosis inadecuadas, combinaciones inapropiadas
Continuacin en la ingesta de frmacos que elevan la PA como AINES,
inhibidores de la cicloxigenasa 2, cocaina, anfetamina y otras drogas
ilegales, simpaticomimticos (descongestionantes nasales,
anorxicos), anticonceptivos orales, corticoides, ciclosporina y
tacrolimus, eritropoyetina, etc.
Falla en modificar los estilos de vida (ejem. aumentar de peso, fuerte
ingesta de alcohol, etc)
Sobrecarga de volumen debido a inadecuada terapia diurtica,
insuficiencia renal progresiva, alta ingesta de sodio.
Causas de hipertensin resistente esprea: hipertensin aislada de
bata blanca, inapropiada medicin de la PA.
16
- Emergencia hipertensiva:
PAD> 120-130 mmHg
Ausencia de disfuncin de rgano blanco.
Disminucin de HTA dentro de las 12 a 24 horas.
8. CAPACIDAD RESOLUTIVA POR NIVELES
Primer Nivel
- Realizar actividades de informacin, educacin, y comunicacin en la poblacin
general y/o con factores de riesgo cardiovascular.
- Promover los cambios de estilo de vida en personas con factores de riesgo
cardiovascular.
- Realizar tamizaje de hipertensin arterial en la poblacin asegurada.
- Manejo integral de hipertensos de estadio 1 y 2 (JNC 7) no complicados.
Segundo Nivel
- Identificacin y captacin de pacientes hipertensos atendidos en las diferentes
especialidades.
- Promover los cambios de estilo de vida en pacientes hipertensos con factores de
riesgo cardiovascular.
- Manejo de pacientes con hipertensin arterial no controlada, complicada y no
complicada.
- Manejo de hipertensin arterial con dao de rgano blanco (hipertrofia ventricular
izquierda, disfuncin ventricular izquierda, insuficiencia renal crnica no terminal).
Tercer Nivel
- Estudio de pacientes con sospecha de hipertensin arterial secundaria.
- Promover los cambios de estilo de vida en pacientes hipertensos con factores de
riesgo cardiovascular.
- Manejo de pacientes con hipertensin arterial secundaria.
- Manejo de pacientes con complicaciones vasculares agudas (sndromes
coronarios agudos, Insuficiencia cardiaca descompensada , eventos cerebro
vasculares, diseccin de aorta, etc).
- Manejo de paciente con insuficiencia renal crnica terminal.
- Manejo de pacientes con hipertensin severa o refractaria al tratamiento.
9. CRITERIOS DE REFERENCIA
Del primer al segundo nivel
- Pacientes con hipertensin arterial no controlada a pesar del tratamiento
adecuado.
- Paciente con sospecha de compromiso de rgano blanco.
- Paciente con urgencia hipertensiva no resuelta.
- Paciente con aparicin de complicaciones de HTA
Del segundo al tercer nivel
- Hipertensin arterial severa o refractaria al tratamiento.
- Disfuncin ventricular izquierda aguda.
- Insuficiencia renal crnica terminal.
- Paciente con emergencia hipertensiva.
17
- Paciente con sospecha de hipertensin arterial secundaria.
- Paciente con complicaciones vasculares agudas.
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