Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                

თომას სახარება- (აპოკრიფი)

Descargar como pdf o txt
Descargar como pdf o txt
Está en la página 1de 42

Tomas saxareba

saidumlo sityvebi,
romlebic Tqva cocxalma iesom da,
romlebic Caiwera didimos iuda Tomam

Tbilisi
2011
Tomas apokrifuli saxareba arcTu ise didi xnis win, meoce sau-
kunis Sua wlebSi aRmoaCines. nawarmoebi warmoadgens ieso qristes
gamonaTqvamebis (logiebis) krebuls da kiTxva-pasuxis formiT aris
dawerili. teqstis unikaluroba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom igi erT-
gvari gamosacdeli masalaa WeSmaritebisa da RmerTis Secnobis gze-
bis gulwrfeli maZieblis sulieri simwifis Sesafaseblad. teqst-
Si avtorad dasaxelebulia didimos iuda Toma. aRsaniSnavia, rom
berZnulad “didimosi” da ebraulad “Toma” niSnavs “tyupiscals”.
Tanamedrove mecnierebi apoqrifis Seqmnis TariRad asaxeleben Cveni
welTaRricxvis 60-140 wlebs. maTi nawili “Tomas saxarebas” sinop-
tikuri saxarebebisgan damoukidebel teqstad Tvlis da miiCnevs, rom
igi yvelaze axlos dgas saxarebebis winamorbed Q (Quelle) teqstTan.

“Tomas saxareba” qarTul enaze


The Gospel of Thomas

Targmna © giorgi kenWoSvilma

ISBN
winasityvaoba
odesme mikvleul xelnawerTa Soris, Tomas saxareba umniSvnelovanes
aRmoCenas warmoadgens maTTvis, vinc dainteresebulia ieso qristes
pirovnebiT da qristianobis istoriis SeswavliT. kanonikur oTxTavsa
da sxvadasxva teqstebis calkeul gamonaTqvamebs Tu ar CavTvliT, Tomas
saxareba erTaderTi istoriulad Rirebuli pirvelwyaroa qristes moZ-
Rvrebis Sesaxeb. miuxedavad imisa, rom XX saukunis 50-ian wlebSi teqsti
ukve Targmnili iyo sxvadasxva evropul enebze, igi dResac mwvave kamaTi-
sa da gulmodgine Seswavlis obieqts warmoadgens. Tomas saxareba daax-
loebiT im periodSi daiwera, rodesac Seiqmna axali aRTqmis kanonikuri
saxarebebi, Tumca Seicavs iesos iseT gamonaTqvamebs, romlebic sruliad
gansxvavebul Sexedulebebs gamoxataven religiis, adamianis bunebisa da
sasufevelis Sesaxeb.
1945 wlis miwuruls, arabma glexma muhamed ali al-saman muhamed
xalifam, zemo egvi pteSi sofel nag-hamadis maxloblad miwis damuSavebi-
sas i pova wiTeli Tixis WurWeli. muhamed alim gatexa WurWeli im
imediT, rom Sig ganZi aRmoCndeboda, magram imedgacruebuli darCa. ganZis
nacvlad xelSi Tormeti Zveli xelnaweri SerCa. dRes es wignebi “nag-
hamadis biblioTekis” saxeliTaa cnobili da XX saukunis yvelaze mniS-
vnelovan arqeologiur aRmoCenad iTvleba adreuli qristianobis is-
toriis Seswavlis sferoSi. biblioTeka Seicavs fili pes saxarebas,
egvi ptelTa saxarebas, Tomas saxarebas, iakobis saidumlo wigns, ioanes
saidumlo wigns da sxva mraval SesaniSnav teqsts. es Tormeti wigni
aerTianebs 52 teqsts, romelTagan 40 manamde ucnobi iyo mecnierebisTvis.
Tomas saxareba yvelaze mniSvnelovani da sayuradRebo Zeglia nag-
hamadis teqstebs Soris. mecnierebma jer kidev mis aRmoCenamde icodnen
Tomas saxarebis teqstis arsebobis Sesaxeb. igi moxsenebulia III saukunis
saeklesio moRvawis, i polites CanawerebSi. XIX saukunis bolos Tomas
saxarebis fragmentebi aRmoaCines qalaq oqsirinhusis (egvi pte) arqeolo-
giuri gaTxrebis dros. am aRmoCenam namdvili furori moaxdina isto-
rikosebisa da Teologebis wreebSi. fragmentebi Seicavdnen iesos gam-
onaTqvamebs, romlebic Zalze waagavdnen axali aRTqmis teqstebs, Tumca
Cawerili iyo damoukidebeli zepiri gadmocemis tradiciebis Sesabamisad.
nag-hamadis biblioTekis aRmoCenisTanave mecnierebi darwmundnen, rom
maT xelSi CauvardaT oqsirinhusSi napovni fragmentebis sruli varianti.
teqsti dawerili iyo imdroindel egvi pteSi gavrcelebul koptur enaze,
romlis damwerloba efuZneboda berZnul anbans. unda aRiniSnos, rom sax-
arebis teqstis dedani warmoadgenda berZnuli enidan Targmans swored im
gamonaTqvamebisa, romlis fragmentebic aRmoaCines oqsirinhusSi.
Tomas saxarebaSi Tavmoyrilia ieso qristes 150-mde gamonaTqvami. am
gamonaTqvamebis daaxloebiT naxevari gvxvdeba maTes, markozisa da lu-
kas kanonikur saxarebebSi, magram teqstSi ar gvxvdeba ioanes saxarebis

3
identuri arcerTi gamonaTqvami. kvlevebis gaadvilebis mizniT mecniereb-
ma gamonaTqvamebi danomres standartuli TanmimdevrobiT, sadac TiTqmis
yvela abzaci iwyeba sityvebiT “iesom Tqva”. am meTodis Sesabamisad stan-
dartuli sia moicavs 114 gamonaTqvams. 1959 wels frangma egvi ptologma
Jan doresma pirvelma gamoiyena xelnaweris dayofa 118 gamonaTqvamad
(am wignSi swored doresis meTodia gamoyenebuli). zogierT maTganSi
gaerTianebulia ori an meti gamonaTqvami. Tomas saxarebaSi ar gvxvdeba
erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli raime movlenebis gadmocema, Tumca teqsti
Txrobis elementebsac Seicavs, magaliTad, `iesom dainaxa Cvili bavSvebi,
romlebic ZuZus swovdnen. man uTxra Tavis mowafeebs...” (27), `qalma br-
bodan uTxra mas” (83).
saxarebis xelnawerSi gamonaTqvamebis TanmimdevrobaSi ar SeiniSneba
raime gansazRvruli wesrigi. mecnierTa naxevarsaukunovani mcdeloba,
gamonaTqvamTa TanmimdevrobaSi aRmoeCinaT raime kanonzomiereba, uSedegod
dasrulda. saxareba kompoziciurad ufro tradiciis zepir gadmoce-
mas mogvagonebs, vidre werilobiT literaturul nawarmoebs. arsebobs
varaudi, rom gamonaTqvamTa is krebuli, romelsac Cven Tomas saxarebas
vuwodebT, msmenelis mier qadagebebis dros iyo Cawerili.
mkiTxvelTa umetesobisaTvis Tomas saxarebis mniSvnelobasa da Rireb-
ulebas gansazRvravs, teqstSi gadmocemuli gamonaTqvamebis umravlesobis
msgavseba kanonikur saxarebebTan. ismis kiTxva: Tomas saxareba qristes
swavlebis damoukidebel wyaros warmoadgens, Tu gadaRebulia axali
aRTqmidan da damokidebulia kanonikuri saxarebebis teqstebze? Tuki To-
mas saxareba TviTmyofadi teqstia, maSin masSi Tavmoyril gamonaTqvamebs
safuZvlad udevs sxva wyaroebi, savaraudod, zepiri gadmocemebi. am Sem-
TxvevaSi Tomas saxareba ori aTasi wlis ganmavlobaSi qristes swavlebis
pirveli axali wyaroa, romelic Tavisi mniSvnelobiT mxolod bibliur
teqstebs Camouvardeba. Tu Tomas saxareba moqceulia kanonikuri saxare-
bebis CarCoebSi, maSin igi ar iZleva raime mniSvnelovan informacias ieso
qristes Sesaxeb.
mecnierTa erT nawils miaCnia, rom Tomas saxareba kanonikuri saxare-
bebis teqstebzea damokidebuli da mTavar argumentad mohyavT yvelaze
gavrcelebuli Teoria axali aRTqmis warmoSobis Sesaxeb. am Teoriis
Tanaxmad, maTem da lukam TavianT saxarebebSi markozis saxarebis re-
daqtirebuli teqstiT isargebles. rogorc maTes, aseve lukas saxarebaSi
zogjer gvxvdeba markozis teqstTan mimsgavsebuli fraza an sityva,
magram markozis saxarebaSi es sityva an fraza ar figurirebs. aseT Sem-
TxvevaSi, es mecnierebi erTxmad acxadeben, rom maTem an lukam Secvales
markozis teqsti. igive sityva Tomas saxarebis Sesabamis gamonaTqvamSi
Tu Segvxvda, am mecnierebisaTvis sruliad dasaSvebi xdeba varaudi, rom
Tomam es sityva maTes an lukas saxarebidan gadaiRo da, amgvarad yvela
gamonaTqvami gadmoitana ukve arsebuli saxarebebidan. rig SemTxvevebSi
TomasTan namdvilad gvxvdeba markozis saxarebis identuri sityvebi da

4
frazebi, ris safuZvelzec gamoaqvT daskvnebi, rom Toma pirvelwyaros
saxiT iyenebda maTesa da lukas teqstebs.
mecnierTa meore, ufro mravalricxovan jgufs miaCnia, rom Tomas
saxarebis msgavseba maTesa da lukas saxarebebTan umniSvneloa da es ms-
gavseba imiT aixsneba, rom gadamwerebisa da mTargmnelebis mier saukunee-
bis ganmavlobaSi xdeboda Tomas teqstis gadawera da Targmna, sanam mas
nag-hamadSi damalavdnen. axali aRTqmis xelnawerebis Seswavlam naTlad
dagvanaxa, rom gadamwerebi gamudmebiT cdebodnen, teqstebs sakuTar yaid-
aze `aumjobesebdnen”, werdnen mexsierebaSi CabeWdil gamonaTqvamebs da
ara maT winaSe arsebuli dednis asls. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, Tomas
saxarebis gadawerisas, gadamwerebi sargeblobdnen kanonikuri saxarebebis
safuZvliani codniT da iyenebdnen am codnas. igive SeiZleba iTqvas Tomas
saxarebis berZnulidan koptur enaze mTargmnelebis Sesaxeb. sruliad
SesaZlebelia, rom kanonikuri saxarebebis zedmiwevniT codna zogjer
aiZulebda maT, gadawerisas SeecvalaT teqsti. Sedegad, TandaTanobiT
Tomas saxarebis gamonaTqvamebi sul ufro metad emsgavseboda axali
aRTqmis Sesabamis gamonaTqvamebs.
Tomas saxarebaSi gamonaTqvamebis Tanmimdevroba ar emTxveva maTes,
markozisa da lukas saxarebebSi gadmocemul qadagebebis Tanmimdevro-
bas, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom Tomas saxareba kanonikuri saxarebebis
gavlenisgan damoukidebeli teqstia. mniSvnelovania is garemoebac, rom
Tomas teqstSi ar aris aRwerili qristianuli religiis ZiriTadi mov-
lenebi, jvarcma da aRdgoma; araferia naTqvami qristeze, rogorc mesiaze,
rom ieso qalwulma Soba da mas SeuZlia saswaulebis moxdena. yvelaze
savaraudo mizezi, ris gamoc teqstSi ar figurireben zemoT aRniSnuli
siuJetebi da Temebi, aris is, rom Tomas saxareba manamdea Sedgenili,
vidre es ideebi srul datvirTvas SeiZendnen.
Tomas saxareba TviTmyofadi teqstia da ieso qristes swavlebis axal
wyaros warmoadgens. misi kompozicia sakmaod primitiulia, mouwesrigebe-
lia gamonaTqvamebis Tanmimdevroba, ar ganixileba ZiriTadi qristianuli
Temebi, romlebmac ganviTareba hpoves adreul eklesiaSi. gamonaTqvamebis
forma TomasTan gacilebiT ubraloa, vidre kanonikur saxarebebSi. aqedan
gamomdinare, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom Tomas saxareba sakmaod adreuli
periodis teqstia. SesaZloa, igi qristes Sobidan 62 wlamde iyos dawer-
ili, vinaidan mecamete gamonaTqvamSi naTqvamia, rom iesos Semdeg qris-
tianebs iakobi gauZRveba, xolo iakobi garadaicvala 62 wels. logikuri
iqneba vivaraudoT, rom es gamonaTqvami saxarebaSi am TariRis dadgomamde
iqna Setanili. TariRebTan dakavSirebuli sxva monacemebi teqstSi ar
figurirebs.
Tomas saxarebaSi ar aris mocemuli raime geografiuli orientiri,
Tumca garkveuli miniSneba ikiTxeba Tavad saxarebis saTaurSi. qris-
tianobis gariJraJze adgilobrivi eklesiebis damaarseblad iTvlebodnen
mociqulebi. markozma eklesia daaarsa egvi pteSi, ioanem – saberZneTSi,

5
petrem – romSi, xolo Tomam – siriaSi. III saukunis siriuli religi-
uri nawarmoebi `Tomas saqmeebi” da IV saukuneSi siriul enaze dawerili
`Tomas wigni”, romelic Seicavs dialogs Tomasa da iesos Soris, mow-
moben sirielTa gansakuTrebul dainteresebas Toma mociqulis personiT.
Tomas saxarebis msgavsad am teqstebSic aris moxsenebuli `iuda Toma”.
siriuli qristianobis mimarT Toma mociqulis udidesi damsaxurebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, zogierT mecniers miaCnia, rom Tomas saxareba siriaSi
daiwera. siria galileis Crdiloeli mezobeli iyo da kargad organi-
zebuli qristianuli erToba hqonda jer kidev 30-ian wlebSi, rodesac
pavle damaskoSi gaemgzavra qristianobis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad.
axali aRTqmis mkvlevarTa umravlesobis azriT, hi poTeza ori wyaros
arsebobis Sesaxeb, sruliad damajerebel axsnas aZlevs im faqts, rom
maTes, markozisa da lukas saxarebebi berZnuli teqstis mraval epizodSi
sityva-sityviT emTxveva erTmaneTs. “ori wyaros hi poTezis” Tanaxmad
maTe da luka saxarebebis werisas ZiriTadi wyaros saxiT iyenebdnen or
teqsts. erTi maTgani iyo teqsti, romelsac Cven markozis saxarebas
vuwodebT, xolo meore teqsti, amJamad dakarguli iesos gamonaTqvamebis
krebuli, egreT wodebuli Q (germanulad Quelle – `wyaro”). am teqstis
aRdgena Cven SegviZlia maTesa da lukas saxarebebis daxmarebiT. Q teqs-
tis is nawilia, romelic gvxvdeba maTesa da lukas saxarebebSi da ro-
melic ar figurirebs markozis saxarebaSi. dRes `ori wyaros hi poTeza”
imdenad sayovelTaod aRiarebuli Teoriaa, rom publikaciebSi ganixileba,
rogorc realurad arsebuli teqsti.
`ori pirvelwyaros hi poTeza” Tavdapirvelad davis sagans warmoad-
genda, vinaidan, jer erTi, ar arsebobda imis damamtkicebeli sabuTi,
rom qristianuli erTobebi awarmoebdnen iesos gamonaTqvamebis raime
Canawerebs. meore mxriv, ar iyo aRmoCenili hi poTezuri Q teqstis
analogiuri aranairi Canaweri!
dRes, qristianobis aRmocenebis SeswavliT dakavebuli bevri mecnieri
Q-s rekonstruirebul teqsts Tomas saxarebis gverdiT ayenebs da ga-
nixilavs maT, rogorc yvelaze adreul saxarebebs Cvens xelT arsebul
saxarebebs Soris. Q-s teqsti da Tomas saxareba sxvadasxva teqstebia.
im saxiT, romliTac mecnierebma aRadgines, Q ufro metad organizebuli
da Tanmimdevruli teqstia, vidre Tomas saxareba da formiT mogvagonebs
moTxrobas qristes cxovrebis Sesaxeb.
Tomas saxareba da Q mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan idee-
biTa da SexedulebebiT. Q iesos warmogvidgens adamianis saxiT, romelic
qadagebda `caTa sasufevelis” dadgomas uaxloes momavalSi. Zalze cota
eRirseba sasufevels, magram yvela ixilavs, rom igi mova `rogorc elva”.
caTa sasufevelSi mosaxvedrad Sesaferisi moqcevaa saWiro: `rogorc
gindaT, rom mogeqcnen adamianebi, Tqvenc aseve moeqeciT maT”, `romeli
gankiTxviTac ganikiTxavT da romeli sawyaoTic miuwyavT, imaveTi mo-
gewyvebaT Tqven”. momavlisaken swrafvisa da gansjis amgvari Sexameba,

6
romelic zneobrivi qcevis normebzea dafuZnebuli, dRevandeli qris-
tianuli sazogadoebisTvisac aris damaxasiaTebeli. aRsaniSnavia, rom To-
mas saxarebis msgavsad, Q-s teqstic ar iCens gansakuTrebul yuradRebas
jvarcmisa da aRdgomis, an rwmenisa da saTnoebis gziT sulis gadarCenis
Temebis mimarT.
Tomas saxareba srul winaaRmdegobaSia zemoT CamoTvlili Sexed-
ulebebis mimarT. nawarmoebSi saubaria caTa sasufevelis Sesaxeb, Tumca
teqstis mixedviT es sasufeveli ukve arsebobs dedamiwaze. metic, igi
qveynis dasabamidan arsebobda. roca iesos ekiTxebian sasufevelis Sesaxeb,
is uryevad pasuxobs, rom sasufeveli ukve arsebobs aq da amJamad, igi
uSualod CvenTanaa, magram Cven mas ver vamCnevT; is aris da yovelTvis
arsebobda adamianis Seqmnis dRidan, Tumca dafarulia TiTqmis yvelasgan.
Tomas saxarebis arsi SeiZleba gamoixatos sityvebiT: `vi povoT sasuf-
eveli, romelic uSualod Cvens gverdiT imyofeba”. amgvar Sexedulebebs
zogi iseT aRmosavlur filosofiur sistemebs adarebs, rogoricaa Zen-
budizmi. dasavleTSi ar moi poveba iseTi religiuri teqsti, romelic
amtkicebs srulyofilebis amqveyniur arsebobas da adamianis mier am
srulyofilebis miRwevis SesaZleblobas. Cveulebriv, dasavluri reli-
giebi upiratesobas aniWeben srulyofilebis xilvas zecaSi da momaval
cxovrebaSi.
ideas, rom sasufeveli ukve arsebobs Cvens gverdiT da realur
droSi, magram dafarulia Cveulebrivi mokvdavisaTvis, logikurad mi-
vyavarT im azramde, rom adamianis umaRles miRwevad sasufevelis mop-
oveba unda miviCnioT. mowodeba `eZebeT da mogecemaT”, Tomas saxarebis
dedaazria. marTalia, adamians Tavisi bunebidan gamomdinare, ZaluZs sa-
sufevelis mopoveba, magram mas mainc sWirdebaT gzis gakvleva. swored
amaSi mdgomareobs Tomas saxarebis Canafiqri, – aswavlos adamianebs,
rogor moi povon sasufeveli. Tumca, es miTiTebebi gamoxatulia sakmaod
bundovani formiT, iesos idumali gamonaTqvamebis saxiT, romelTa azris
gageba, mxolod maTi gaSifvris Semdgomaa SesaZlebeli. mkiTxvelma am
gamonaTqvamebSi unda aRmoaCinos ufro Rrma da dafaruli azri, vidre
erTi SexedviT Cans.
Tomas saxareba sakmaod optimistur Sexedulebas gamoxatavs adamianis
bunebis Sesaxeb: adamians SeuZlia Cawvdes idumal WeSmaritebas rogorc
samyaroSi, aseve sakuTar TavSi. marTlac, Tuki sasufeveli ukve arsebobs
amqveynad, maSasadame, igi arsebobs adamianSic, da Tu adamiani marTebu-
lad Seicnobs sakuTar Tavs, is Seicnobs cis sasufevels. miuxedavad
imisa, rom Tomas saxarebis zogierTi gamonaTqvami miuTiTebs adamianis
cxovrebis zneobriv mxareze, mainc, saerTo midgoma ZiriTadad gamoxatu-
lia adamianis TviTSemecnebis gamomJRavnebis aucileblobaSi.
sayuradReboa, rom Tomas saxarebaSi ar figurirebs kanonikuri sax-
arebebisaTvis mniSvnelovani codvisa da cxonebis problemebi. am teqstSi
kacobriobis problema araa imiT gamowveuli, rom adamiani RmerTs Camos-

7
cilda zneobrivi sisusteebisa da naklovanebebis Sedegad, an adamisa da
evas ZvelTaZveli codvis gamo. saxareba ar gvTavazobs am problemebis
mogvarebas qristes vnebebis an macxovris aRdgomis rwmenis saSualebiT.
es Temebi Tomas saxarebaSi ubralod ar figurireben.
nag-hamadis teqstebis umravlesoba SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT gnostikur
qristianobas. termini `gnostikuri” warmoiSva berZnuli sityvidan gno-
sis – `codna”. II saukuneSi asparezze gamovida gnostikuri qristianobis
mravali saxesxvaoba. warmosaxva samyaros warmoSobisa da ganviTarebis
Sesaxeb sul ufro rTuldeboda da sul ufro ucnauri xdeboda. rac
Seexeba Tomas saxarebas, teqsts naklebad SeiZleba vuwodoT gnostikuri,
vinaidan saerTod ar exeba kosmoss, samyaros warmoSobasa da ganviTarebas,
Temas, romelic Zalze popularuli iyo gviandeli gnostikuri teqstebis
avtorebs Soris. da mainc, Tomas saxareba myarad icavs im Sexedulebebs,
romlebsac iziarebdnen gnostikosi qristianebi, kerZod, RvTaebrivis Sec-
noba da TviTSemecneba erTmaneTisagan ganuyofeli cnebebia.
sainteresoa, ratom ar Seiyvanes Tomas saxareba axali aRTqmis
wignebis krebulSi? samwuxarod, am kiTxvaze amomwuravi pasuxi ar ar-
sebobs. CvenTvis ucnobia ra meTodiT xdeboda kanonikuri saxarebebis
SerCeva. daaxloebiT 180 wels lionis episkoposma irineusma ganacxada,
rom axal aRTqmaSi unda iyos eklesiis mier damtkicebuli mxolod
oTxi saxareba. Cven ar viciT, rogor iqna miRebuli gadawyvetileba, rom
kanonikuri mxolod oTxi saxareba unda yofiliyo da ara sami an xuTi.
rasakvirvelia, Cven ar SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom Tomas saxareba ganzrax
iqna amoRebuli kanonidan, vinaidan, ar viciT, cnobili iyo Tu ara Tomas
saxareba maTTvis, vinc gadawyvetilebas iRebda kanonikuri saxarebebis
Sesaxeb. SesaZloa es saxareba farTod iyo gavrcelebuli aRmosavleTis
eklesiebSi, siriidan egvi ptemde, da sruliad ucnobi yofiliyo dasavle-
Tis regionebis eklesiebisaTvis.
erTi SexedviT Tomas saxareba warmoadgens qaotur, erTmaneTTan
daukavSirebel gamonaTqvamebis krebuls, Tumca, TiToeuli gamonaTqvamis
guldasmiT Seswavla iZleva imis naTel suraTs, Tu ra hqonda mxedv-
elobaSi da risi Tqma surda am teqstis Semdgenels. Tomas saxarebis
kiTxvisas yoveli gamonaTqvami unda wavikiTxoT dakvirvebiT da yuradRe-
biT, da maSin TandaTanobiT CvenTvis naTeli gaxdeba mTeli teqstis azri
da mniSvneloba. Tu amis gakeTebas saTanadod movaxerxebT da vi poviT
gamonaTqvamebis marTebul ganmartebebs, maSin maTi mpovneli, rogorc sax-
arebaSia naTqvami, `ar SeigrZnobs sikvdils”.

8
Tomas
saxareba
es saidumlo sityvebia, romlebic Tqva cocxalma iesom da, romlebic
Caiwera didimos iuda Tomam. da man Tqva: vinc mixvdeba am sityvebis mniS-
vnelobas, is ar SeigrZnobs sikvdils.
1. iesom Tqva: dae vinc eZebs, ar Sewyvitos Zieba, vidre ar hpovebs, da
raJams hpovebs, iqneba SeZrwunebuli. da, Tu is SeZrwunebulia, is iqneba
gaocebuli, da imefebs yovelsa zeda.
2. iesom Tqva: Tuki winamZRvarni geubnebian: ixleT, sasufeveli zeca-
Sia! – icodeT, Citebi ukan mogitoveben. Tu getyvian, rom igi zRvaSia,
maSin Tevzebi iqnebian upirvelesni. WeSmaritad, sasufeveli TqvenSia da
Tvinier Tqvenda.
3. raJams SeicnobT sakuTar Tavs, Tqven moi povebT sibrZnes da mixvdebiT,
rom cocxali mamis Svilebi xarT. xolo, Tuki ver SeicaniT sakuTari
Tavi, maSin icxovrebT siRatakeSi da iqnebiT Ratakni.
4. iesom Tqva: xanSi Sesuli adamiani uyoymanod hkiTxavs Svidi dRis
Cvils sicocxlis adgilis Sesaxeb, da is icocxlebs. rameTu bevrni
pirvelni ukanasknelni iqnebian, xolo ukanasknelni – pirvelni, da iqnebi-
an erTxorcni.
5. iesom Tqva: Seicani is, rac [an vinc] Sens Tvalwinaa, da is [an vinc],
rac dafarulia Sengan, TvalsaCino gaxdeba SenTvis. vinaidan araferia [an
aravin] dafaruli, rom ar gamoCndes. [da damaluli, rom ar gamJRavndes.]

10
6. mowafeebi ekiTxebodnen mas; maT uTxres: ginda, rom Cven vimarxuloT?
rogor gvmarTebs locva, rogor gavceT mowyaleba da, rogor SevikavoT
Tavi sakvebisgan? iesom Tqva: nu cruobT da nu akeTebT imas, rac TqvenT-
vis saZulvelia, radgan yovelive naTelia zecis winaSe. rameTu ar aris
saidumlo, rom ar gamoCndes, da ar aris araferi idumali, romelic
darCeba amouxsneli.
7. iesom Tqva: netaria lomi, romelsac adamiani SeWams, da lomi ada-
mianad iqceva. da wyeulia is adamiani, romelsac lomi SeWams, da lomi
adamianad iqceva.
8. da man Tqva: adamiani waagavs brZen meTevzes, romelmac Tavisi bade zR-
vaSi isrola. gamoitana zRvidan wvrili TevzebiT gavsebuli saTxeveli;
maT Soris brZenma meTevzem didi [da] kargi Tevzi i pova. man wvrili Tev-
zebi zRvaSi gadayara, man uyoymanod airCia didi Tevzi. mas, visac yurebi
aqvs mosasmenad, dae isminos!
9. Tqva iesom: ai, gamovida mTesveli, aivso xeli marcvlebiT da mimoab-
nia [Tesli]. magram zogi gzis piras davarda, mofrindnen frinvelebi da
akenkes isini. zogi qvaze davarda, fesvi ver gaidga miwaSi, da TavTavi
ver aRmarTa zecisken. da zogi davarda eklebSi, maT moaSTes Tesli, da
matlebma SeWames isini. zogi ki Cavarda keTil miwaSi da keTili nayofi
gamoiRo zecaSi. aman moitana samoci zoma erTze da as oci zoma erTze.
10. iesom Tqva: me Cavagde cecxli qveyanaze, da ai me vicav mas, vidre igi
ar agizgizdeba.
11. iesom Tqva: es ca gardaivlis, da is, rac mis zeviTaa, gardaivlis,
da isini, romlebic mkvdrebi arian, ar arian cocxlebi, da isini, vinc
cocxlebi arian, ar mokvdebian.
12. [im] dReebSi Tqven WamdiT mkvdars, Tqven hyofdiT mas cocxals. rode-
sac Tqven aRmoCndebiT naTelSi, ras gaakeTebT? am dRes Tqven – erTi,
Tqven gaxdiT orni. roca Tqven gaxdebiT orni ras gaakeTebT?
13. mowafeebma uTxres iesos: Cven viciT, rom Sen waxval Cvengan. vin
aris is, romelic iqneba Cvenze umetesi? iesom uTxra maT: im adgilas,
sadac Tqven moxvediT, Tqven waxvalT iakob marTalTan, vis gamoc Seiqmna
ca da miwa.
14. iesom uTxra Tavis mowafeebs: mimamsgavseT me, miTxariT me, vis vgavar.
simon petrem uTxra mas: Sen samarTlian angelozs hgavxar. maTem uTxra
mas: Sen brZen filosofoss hgavxar. Tomam uTxra mas: moZRvaro, Cemi
bageni verafriT warmoTqvamen, vis hgavxar Sen. iesom Tqva: me ar var Seni
moZRvari, rameTu Sen Sesvi, Sen wyurvili moikali mduRare wyarodan,
romelic me avrwyi.

11
da man mokida xeli, gaiyvana igi [da] uTxra mas sami sityva. roca Toma
dabrunda Tavis amxanagebTan, maT hkiTxes mas: ra giTxra Sen iesom?
Tomam uTxra maT: Tu me getyviT Tqven erTs im sityvebidan, romlebic
man miTxra me, Tqven aiRebT qvebs, isvriT [maT] Cemsken, qvebidan cecxli
gamova [da] dagwvavT Tqven.
15. iesom Tqva: Tu Tqven marxulobT, Tqven codvas badebT TqvenSi, da, Tu
Tqven loculobT, Tqven ganikiTxebiT, da, Tu Tqven mowyalebas arigebT,
Tqven avnebT Tqvens suls. Tu Tqven romelime raionSi da qalaqSic Sex-
valT da Segiwynareben, WameT, rac SemogTavazon. gankurneT maT Soris
sneulni. icodeT: is, rac Seva Tqvens bageebSi, ar wagbilwavT Tqven, ar-
amed Tqveni piridan gamomavali wagbilwavT Tqven.
16. iesom Tqva: raJams dainaxavT kacs, romelic qalisgan ar aris naSobi,
pirqve daemxeT [da] Tayvani eciT mas; is – Tqveni mamaa.
17. iesom Tqva: iqneb, xalxs hgonia, TiTqos qveyanaze mSvidobis mosatanad
movedi da ar ician, rom miwaze gaTiSulobis, cecxlis, maxvilis, omis
mosatanad movedi. rameTu xuTni gaiyofian erT saxlSi: samni iqnebian
oris winaaRmdeg da orni samis winaaRmdeg. mama Zis winaaRmdeg da Ze mamis
winaaRmdeg, da isini idgebian rogorc erTaderTni..
18. iesom Tqva: me mogcemT imas, rac Tvals ar unaxavs, da imas, yuriT
ar smenila, da imas, rasac xeli ar Sexebia, da imas, rac kacis guls ar
SeugrZvnia.
19. mowafeebma uTxres iesos: gvamcne Cven, rogori iqneba Cveni aRsas-
ruli. iesom Tqva: miageniT ki dasabams, rom dasasruli eZioT? rameTu im
adilas, sadac dasawyisia, iq iqneba dasasrulic. netaria is, vinc dasawy-
isSi idgeba: da is Seicnobs dasasruls, da is ver SeigrZnobs sikvdils.
20. iesom Tqva: netaria is, vinc manam movida sicocxleSi, vidre movidoda
sicocxleSi.
21. Tu Tqven Cemi mowafeebi xarT [da] ismenT Cems sityvebs, es qvebi mo-
gemsaxurebian Tqven.
22. rameTu Tqven xuTi xe gaqvT samoTxeSi, romlebic ar iZvrian arc
zafxulSi arc zamTarSi, da maT ar cviva foTlebi. is, vinc Seicnobs maT,
ver SeigrZnobs sikvdils.
23. mowafeebma uTxres iesos; gviTxari, risi msgavsia cis sasufeveli.
man uTxra: is waagavs mdogvis marcvals, umciress yvela Tesls Soris.
raJams is davardeba damuSavebul miwaze, igi did xed iqceva [da] cis
frinvelebis TavSesafari xdeba.
24. mariamma uTxra iesos: vis hgvanan Seni mowafeebi? man Tqva: isini
hgvanan patara bavSvebs, romlebic sxvis mindorSi dganan. roca yanis pa-

12
tronebi movlen, ityvian: mogveciT Cveni yana. isini gamoaSkaravdebian maT
winaSe, raTa dautovon es da miscen maT TavianTi yana.
25. amitom me vambob: Tu saxlis patronma icis, rom modis qurdi, igi ma-
namde ifxizlebs, vidre igi ar mova, da igi ar miscems qurds nebas SeaR-
wios mis saxlSi, raTa waiRos misi nivTebi. Tqven ki ifxizleT qveynis
winaSe, qamari SemoirtyiT welze mTeli ZaliT, raTa yaCaRebma ver i povon
Tqvensken momavali gzebi. rameTu madls, rasac Tqven eliT, i poviT.
26. dae iyos Tqvens Soris brZeni kaci! raJams nayofi damwifda, adreulad
mivida namgliT xelSi, [da] moimka mosavali. visac yurebi aqvs, dae is-
minos!
27. iesom dainaxa Cvili bavSvebi, romlebic ZuZus swovdnen. man uTxra
Tavis mowafeebs: es bavSvebi imaT hgvanan, vinc sasufevels imkvidrebs.
maT hkiTxes: ra gamodis, Tu Cven Cvili bavSvebi varT, sasufevelSi movx-
vdebiT? iesom miugo: roca Tqven ors erTxorcad hyofT, da raJams Tqven
SeqmniT SigniTa mxares gareganis msgavsad, da gareTa mxares SigniTa mx-
aris msgavsad, da zeda mxares qveda mxaris msgavsad, da, raJams qalsa da
kacs erTarsebad gaxdiT, raTa kaci ar iyos kaci da qali ar iyos qali,
roca Tqven SeqmniT Tvals Tvalis magier, da xels xelis magier, da, fexs
fexis magier, saxes saxis magier, ­maSin Tqven SexvalT [sasufevelSi].
28. iesom Tqva: me amovarCev erT Tqvengans aTasSi da ors – aTi aTasSi,
da isini erTsaxad idgebian.
29. mowafeebma uTxres: gvaCvene adgili, sadac xar, rameTu CvenTvis
aucilebelia misi povna. man uTxra: mas, visac yurebi aqvs, dae isminos!
aris naTeli adamiani naTelis SigniT, da is anaTebs mTel qveyanas. Tu ar
anaTebs, maSin – ukuneTia.
30. iesom Tqva: giyvardes Seni Zma, rogorc suli Seni. TvalisCiniviT
gaufrTxildi mas.
31. iesom Tqva: Seni Zmis TvalSi bewvs xedav, xolo sakuTar TvalSi
dires ver xedav. rodesac Seni Tvalidan dires amoiReb, maSin dainaxav,
rogor amoiRo bewvi Seni Zmis Tvalidan.
32. Tu Tqven ar marxulobT qveynisgan, Tqven ver i poviT sasufevels. Tu
SabaTs ar hyofT SabaTad, ver ixilavT mamas.
33. iesom Tqva: me davdeqi qveynis SuagulSi, da maT xorcielad movev-
line. me vi pove yvelani isini mTvralebi, me veravin vnaxe maT Soris
mwyurvali, da sevdam moicva Cemi suli kacTa Svilebis gamo. radgan isini
brmebi arian TavianT gulSi da isini ver xedaven, rom qveyanaSi modian
daclilebi; isini miiltvian kvlav gamofitulebi wavidnen qveynidan. ma-

13
gram, amJamad isini mTvralebi arian. roca isini uaryofen Rvinos, maSin
isini moinanieben.
34. iesom Tqva: Tu xorci iSva sulisaTvis, es – saocrebaa. Tu suli
iSva xorcisaTvis, es – saocrebaTa saocrebaa. magram me makvirvebs, rogor
Tavsdeba es uzarmazari simdidre aseT siRatakeSi.
35. iesom Tqva: sadac sami RmerTia, iq RmerTebia. sadac ori an erTi
RmerTia, me maTTan var.
36. iesom Tqva: arc erTi winaswarmetyveli araa miRebuli Tavis sofelSi.
eqimi ar wamlobs maT, vinc mas icnobs.
37. iesom Tqva: mTis wverze aSenebuli, gamagrebuli qalaqi, ver daingreva
da ver iqneba dafaruli.
38. iesom Tqva: rasac Seni yuriT moismen, erdoebze iqadage. rameTu ara-
vin dadgams anTebul sanTels WurWlis qveS, an dafarul adgilas, ara-
med sasanTleze dadebs, raTa Semsvlelma da gamomsvlelma ixilos misi
sinaTle.
39. iesom Tqva: ukeTu brmis megzuri brmaa, orive ormoSi Cavardeba.
40. iesom Tqva: rogor SeZlebs vinme, Sevides Zlieris saxlSi da ZaliT
gaZarcvos igi, Tu jer Zliers ar gaTokavs. da [mxolod] maSin gaZarcvavs
mis saxls.
41. iesom Tqva: nu izrunebT dilidan saRamomde da saRamodan dilamde,
Tu riTi SeimosoT.
42. mowafeebma Tqves: rodis gamogvecxadebi da, romel dRes gixilavT
Sen? iesom Tqva: roca Tqven gaSiSvldebiT da ar daircxvenT da aiRebT
samoss, dailagebT fexebTan da bavSvebis msgavsad gaTelavT maT, maSin
[ixilavT] imis Zes, vinc cocxalia, da Tqven ar SeSindebiT.
43. iesom Tqva: Tqven mravaljer gsurdaT mogesminaT es sityvebi, rom-
lebsac geubnebiT. da ar gyavT sxva, visganac [SegiZliaT] maTi mosmena.
dadgeba Jami, roca Zebnas damiwyebT, magram ver mi poviT.
44. iesom Tqva: farisevlebma da mwignobrebma miisakuTreas codnis gasaRe-
bebi. gadamales isini da arc Tavad Sevidnen da arc Sesvlis msurvelebs
misces neba. Tqven ki, iyaviT brZenni, viTarca gvelni, da sufTani, viTarca
mtredni.
45. iesom Tqva: vazis nergi mamis gareSe dairgo da man ver ixara. mas
amoZirkvaven [da] is daiRupeba.
46. iesom Tqva: mqonebels yvelas miecema, xolo uqonels isic waerTmeva,
rac aqvs.

14
47. iesom Tqva: iyaviT gamvlelni.
48. mowafeebma uTxres mas: vin xar Sen, romelic amas gveubnebi? [iesom
uTxra maT]: iqidan gamomdinare, rasac geubnebiT, ver xvdebiT vin var?
magram Tqven iudevelebs daemsgavseT, vinaidan maT uyvarT xe [da] sZulT
misi nayofi, maT uyvarT nayofi [da] sZulT xe.
49. iesom Tqva: vinc sityvas ityvis mamis winaaRmdeg, mieteveba mas, da
vinc sityvas ityvis kacis Zis winaaRmdeg, mieteveba mas. magram Tu vinme
ityvis suliwmidis winaaRmdeg, ar mieteveba mas arc amqveynad, arc zecaSi.
50. iesom Tqva: eklis buCqidan yurZnis mosavals ar iReben da birkavadan
leRvs ar krefen. isini nayofs ar iZlevian. keTil kacs Tavisi saunjidan
sikeTe gamoaqvs. borot kacs siave gamoaqvs Tavisi gulis ugvani sagan-
Zuridan [da] ukeTurebas ambobs, rameTu gulis savsebidan mas gamoaqvs
uvargisi.
51. iesom Tqva: adamidan moyolebuli ioane naTlismcemlamde, dedakacTa-
gan SobilTa Soris ar aRmdgara ioane naTlismcemelze didi. [...] magram
me vTqvi: Tqvengan umciresi daimkvidrebs sasufevels da ioaneze metad
amaRldeba.
52. iesom Tqva: SeuZlebelia adamiani or cxenze Sejdes, ori mSvildi mo-
zidos da, SeuZlebelia mona or batons emsaxuros: igi erTs pativiT mo-
epyroba da meores upativcemulod. arc erTi kaci, romelic daZvelebul
Rvinos svams, ar moisurvebs axaldawuruli Rvinis dalevas. arc axal
Rvinos Caasxamen Zvel tikebSi, Torem tikebi daskdeba, Rvinoc daiRvreba
da tikebic moispoba. aravin daakerebs axal tanisamoss Zveli qsovilis
sakerebels, vinaidan gaixeva samoseli.
53. iesom Tqva: Tuki erT saxlSi orni mSvidobiT cxovroben da etyvian
mTas: gadaadgildi! – da igi gadaaadgildeba.
54. iesom Tqva: netar arian erTaderTni da rCeulni, rameTu Tqven sasuf-
evels daimkvidrebT, Tqven misgan xarT [da] kvlav iq dabrundebiT.
55. iesom Tqva: Tu gekiTxebian: saidan moxvediT? – uTxariT: Cven movediT
naTelidan, sadac naTelma Sva naTeli. is... maT xatebaSi. Tu gekiTxebian:
vina xarT? – uTxariT: Cven misi Svilebi varT, da cocxali mamis rCeulni
varT. Tu Tqven gekiTxebian: rogoria Tqveni mamis niSani, romelic Tqven-
Sia? – uTxariT maT: moZraoba da simSvide.
56. mowafeebma uTxres mas: rodis dadgeba simSvide maTTvis, vinc mkvdar-
ia? da rodis mova axali qveyana? man Tqva: is [simSvide], romelsac Tqven
eliT, movida, magram Tqven ver SeicaniT is.

15
57. mowafeebma uTxres mas: israelSi ocdaoTxma winaswarmetyvelma iwi-
naswarmetyvela Sens Sesaxeb. man uTxra: Tqven miatoveT is, vinc cocxali
dgas Tqvens win, da axsenebT maT, vinc mkvdaria.
58. mowafeebma uTxres mas: sasargebloa Tu ara winadacveTa? man uTxra:
is rom sasargeblo yofiliyo, mamebi dedis mucelSi maT winadacveTi-
lebs Casaxavdnen. magram WeSmaritma winadacveTam sulSi aRmoaCina sruli
sargebloba.
59. iesom Tqva: netar arian Ratakni, vinaidan Tqvenia cis sasufeveli.
60. iesom Tqva: vinc ar moiZula Tavisi mama da deda, ver gaxdeba Cemi
mowafe, da, vinc ar moiZula Tavisi Zmebi da debi da vinc CemsaviT ar
atarea Tavis jvari, igi ver gaxdeba Cemi Rirsi.
61. iesom Tqva: vinc Seicno qveyana, i pova gvami, da vinc i pova gvami –
qveyana ar aris misi Rirsi.
62. iesom Tqva: mamis sasufeveli hgavs adamians, romelsac [kargi] Tesli
aqvs. movida RamiT misi mteri, CaTesa RvarZli xorbalSi. kacma ar daaneba
maT [msaxurebs] RvarZlis amoZirkva. man uTxra: ar moxvideT, raTa Rvar-
Zlis gamargvlisas, masTan erTad xorbalic ar amoglijoT! vinaidan mkis
dros RvarZli gamoCndeba, mas amoZirkvaven da dawvaven.
63. iesom Tqva: netaria adamiani, romelmac iSroma: man sicocxle hpova.
64. iesom Tqva: SexedeT mas, vinc cocxalia, sanam cocxlobT, raTa ar
mokvdeT, - eswrafeT ixiloT igi! da Tqven ver SeZlebT ixiloT samarite-
li, romelsac mohyavs kravi [da] Sedis iudeaSi. uTxra Tavis mowafeebs:
[ratom] aris is kraviT? maT upasuxes: imitom, rom daklas da SeWamos.
man uTxra: vidre cocxalia, ar SeWams mas, magram [Tu] igi klavs mas, [da]
igi [kravi] gvamad iqceva. maT Tqves: sxvagvarad igi ver SeZlebs dartymas.
man Tqva: Tqven aseve eZebT TqvenTvis adgils simSvideSi, raTa ar iqceT
gvamad da ar SegWamon.
65. iesom Tqva: orni moisveneben sawolze: erTi mokvdeba, meore icocx-
lebs. Salomeam Tqva: vin xar Sen, adamiano, da visi [Svili] xar? Sen
moisvene Cems sawolze, da Wame Cems magidasTan. iesom uTxra: me is var,
romelic warmoiSva imisgan, vinc Tanasworia; me mamaCemis kuTvnili mo-
meca. [Salomeam uTxra:] me Seni mowafe var. [iesom uTxra mas:] amitom
geubnebi: roca igi gaxdeba carieli, is aRivseba naTeliT, magram, roca
igi gaxdeba gayofili, igi aRivseba sibneliT.
66. iesom Tqva: me gauwyebT Cems saidumloebebs [...] saidumlo. rasac Seni
marjvena xeli gaakeTebs, ­dae nu ecodineba Sens marcxena xels, rasac
is akeTebs.

16
67. iesom Tqva: iyo mdidari adamiani, romelsac bevri saunje hqonda. man
Tqva: me gamoviyeneb Cems simdidres, rom davTeso, mosavali aviRo, gavavso
Cemi beRlebi nayofiT, raTa araferi gamiWirdes. ai, raze fiqrobda is Ta-
vis gulSi. da imave saRamos is mokvda. mas, visac yurebi aqvs, dae isminos!
68. iesom Tqva: adamians stumrebi hyavda, da, roca man moamzada vaxSami,
gagzavna Tavisi mona, rom stumrebi moewvia. igi wavida pirvelTan da
uTxra: Cemi batoni gpatiJebs Sen. man Tqva: me fuli maqvs vaWrebisaTvis,
isini saRamos movlen CemTan, me waval [da] mivcem maTgankargulebebs:
me uars vambob vaxSamze. is meoresTan wavida, man uTxea: Cemma batonma
mogi patiJa Sen. man uTxra: me saxli viyide, da me mTxoven dRes. me ar
meqneba dro. is sxvasTan wavida, man uTxra: Cemi batoni gpatiJebs Sen. man
uTxra: Cemi megobari qorwils ixdis, da vaxSams gavmarTav. me ver SevZ-
leb mosvlas. me uars vambob vaxSamze. is sxvasTan wavida, man Tqva: Cemi
batoni gpatiJebs Sen. man uTxra: me sofeli viyide, me waval Semosavlis
asakrebad. me ver SevZleb mosvlas. me uars vambob. dabrunda mona, uTxra
Tavis batons: maT, vinc Sen vaxSamze dapatiJe, uari Tqves. batonma uTxra
Tavis monas: wadi gzebze, visac i povi, moiyvane isini, rom maT ivaxSmon.
myidvelebi da vaWrebi ver Sevlen mamaCemis samyofelSi.
69. man Tqva: keTil adamians venaxi hqonda, man misca is muSebs, raTa maT
daemuSavebinaT is da mas mieRo nayofi maTgan. man Tavisi mona gagzavna,
raTa muSebs misTvis miecaT venaxis nayofi. maT Sei pyres misi mona, cemes
igi, kidev cota da isini moklavdnen mas. mona dabrunda, man mouyva Tavis
batons. misma batonma Tqva: SeiZleba, maT ver icnes igi. man meore mona
gagzavna. muSebma isic scemes. maSin kacma Tavisi Ze gagzavna. man Tqva:
iqneb maT Cemi Zis SercxveT. am muSebma, rodesac gaiges, rom igi venaxis
patronis memkvidrea, Sei pyres igi, maT mokles is. mas, visac yurebi aqvs,
dae isminos!
70. iesom Tqva: manaxe me qva, romelic mSeneblebma gadaagdes! is – mTavari
qvaa.
71. iesom Tqva: man, vinc yvelaferi icis, saWiroebs ra sakuTar Tavs,
saWiroebs yvelafers.
72. iesom Tqva: netarni xarT Tqven, roca Tqves sZulxarT [da] Tqven
gdevnian. da ver hpoveben adgils iq, sadac gdevnidnen.
73. iesom Tqva: netar arian isini, romlebsac sdevnidnen TavianT gulebSi;
es isini arian, vinc mama Seicno WeSmaritebaSi. netar arian mSierni, vi-
naidan visac surs, misi wiaRi gaivseba.
74. iesom Tqva: roca Tqven daiunjebT amas TqvenSi, is, rac Tqven gaqvT,
gixsniT Tqven. Tu Tqven ara gaqvT es TqvenSi, is, rac Tqven ara gaqvT
TqvenSi, mogklavT Tqven.

17
75. iesom Tqva: me davangrev [am] saxls, da aravin aris, vinc SeZlebs mis
[kidev erTxel] aSenebas.
76. [viRac kacma uTxra] mas: uTxari Cems Zmebs, rom mamaCemis sagnebi ga-
hyon CemTan erTad. man uTxra: adamiano, vin damayena me Tqvens gamyofad?
miubrunda Tavis mowafeebs, uTxra maT: ar gavxdebi me is, vinc yofs!
77. iesom Tqva: samkali bevria, xolo muSaxeli cota. maS TxoveT batons,
rom man gamogzavnos muSaxeli samkalSi.
78. man Tqva: RmerTo, irgvliv bevri wyaroa, magram aravin aris wyaroSi.
79. iesom Tqva: mravalni dganan karis win, magram erTeulebi arian isini,
romlebic Sevlen saqorwilo darbazSi.
80. iesom Tqva: mamis sasufeveli saqonlis mqone vaWariviT aris, romel-
mac i pova margaliti. es vaWari – brZenia: man gayida saqoneli [da] iyida
avisTvis erTi margaliti. Tqvenc aseve – eZieT misi saganZuri, romelic
ar kvdeba, romelic rCeba iq, sadac ver SeaRwevs CrCili, rom SeWamos,
da [sadac] matli ver daRupavs.
81. iesom Tqva: me var sinaTle, romelic yvelazea. me var yvelaferi:
yovelive Cemgan gamovida da yovelive CemTan dabrunda. gaape xe, me iq
viqnebi; aiRe qva da Sen mis qveS mi povi me.
82. iesom Tqva: ratom waxvediT Tqven mindorSi? raTa genaxaT qarisagan
Serxeuli lerwami, da genaxaT kaci, romelic atarebs rbili samoss?
[SexedeT, Tqveni] mefeebi da Tqveni warCinebuli xalxi – es isini atare-
ben rbil samosels da isini ver SeZleben Seicnon WeSmariteba!
83. qalma brbodan uTxra mas: netaria wiaRi, romelmac gatara Sen,
da [ZuZuebi], romlebmac gamogkvebes Sen. man uTxra: netar arian isini,
romlebmac gaigones mamis sityva [da] daicves igi WeSmaritebaSi. rameTu
dadgeba dReebi, roca Tqven ityviT: netaria saSo, romelic ar Casaxula,
da ZuZuebi, romlebSic ar Camdgara rZe.
84. iesom Tqva: man, vinc Seicno qveyana, i pova sxeuli, magram man, vinc
i pova sxeuli, – qveyana ar aris misi Rirsi.
85. iesom Tqva: igi, vinc gamdidrda, dae imefos, da is, visac aqvs Zala,
dae uaryos.
86. iesom Tqva: is, vinc axloa CemTan, axloa cecxlTan, da, vinc Sorsaa
Cemgan, Sorsaa sasufevlisgan.
87. iesom Tqva: adamians evlineba saxeebi, da naTeli, romelic maTSia,
dafarulia. mamis naTelis xatebaSi is [naTeli] gacxaddeba, da misi saxe
dafarulia misi naTelis gamo.

18
88. iesom Tqva: roca Tqven xedavT Tqvens msgavss, Tqven xarobT. magram,
roca Tqven xedavT Tqvens saxeebs, romlebic Tqvenamde warmoiSvnen, –
isini arc kvdebian da arc cxaddebian – amdenad diads gadaitanT?
89: iesom Tqva: adami warmoiSva didi Zalisgan da didi simdidrisgan da
igi ar aris Tqveni Rirsi. rameTu... sikvdils.
90. iesom Tqva: [meliebs aqvT Tavisi soroebi], da frinvelebsac aqvT [Ta-
visi] budeebi, xolo kacis Zes ar gaaCnia adgili, rom miidrikos Tavisi
Tavi [da] daisvenos.
91. iesom Tqva: ubeduria sxeuli, romelic damokidebuli sxeulze, da
ubeduria suli, romelic damokidebulia orive maTganze.
92. iesom Tqva: angelozebi da winaswarmetyvelebi modian TqvenTan, da
isini mogcemen Tqven imas, rac Tqvenia, da Tqvenc mieciT maT is, rac
Tqvens xelSia, [da] uTxariT Tqven Tavs: romel dRes modian isini [da]
iReben imas, rac maT ekuTvniT?
93. iesom Tqva: ratom recxavT Tqven Tasis SigniT [da] ar gesmiT is, rom
man, vinc gaakeTa Sida nawili, aseve gaakeTa gareTa nawilic?
94. iesom Tqva: modiT CemTan, vinaidan Cemi uReli keTilia da Cemi Za-
laufleba mSvidobiani, da Tqven i poviT simSvides TqvenTvis.
95. maT uTxres: gviTxari Cven, vin xar Sen, raTa Cven virwmunoT Seni. man
uTxra: Tqven cdiT cisa da miwis saxes; da mas, vinc Tqvens winaSea, ­Tqven
ver SeicaniT igi; da es dro – Tqven ar iciT, [rogor] gamocadoT igi.
96. iesom Tqva: eZebeT da Tqven i poviT. magram is [sagnebi], romelTa Ses-
axeb Tqven mkiTxeT me im dReebSi, ­me ar giTxariT maSin. axla me minda
giTxraT, da Tqven ar eZebT maT.
97. ar misceT is, rac wmindaa, ZaRlebs, raTa nexvSi ar Cayaron isini. nu
dauyriT margalitebs Rorebs, rom maT ar gaakeTon es...
98. iesom [Tqva]: vinc eZebs, i povis, [da is, vinc akakunebs], mas gauReben.
99. [iesom Tqva:] Tu Tqven gaqvT fuli, nu gascemT mogebisTvis, aramed
gaeciT... visganac Tqven ar aiRebT maT.
100. iesom [Tqva]: mamis [sasufeveli] dedakaciviT aris, romelmac aiRo
citaodeni safuari, [Cado] is comSi [da] daanawila is did purebSi. visac
yurebi aqvs, dae isminos!
101. iesom Tqva: [mamis] sasufeveli qaliviT aris, romelsac miaqvs fq-
viliT savse WurWeli, [da] midis Sori gziT. WurWlis saxeluri gatyda,
fqvili gzaze daiyara mis ukan. qalma araferi icoda [amis Sesaxeb], man
ver gaigo [rogor] emoqmeda. roca Tavis saxls miaRwia, man WurWeli
miwaze dado [da] is carieli aRmoaCina.

19
102. iesom Tqva: mamis sasufeveli waagavs kacs, romelsac unda moklas
Zlieri adamiani. man amoiRo xmali Tavis saxlSi, man SearWo igi kedelSi,
rom Seetyo Tavisi xelis Zala. maSin man mokla Zlieri.
103. mowafeebma uTxres mas: Seni Zmebi da dedaSeni dganan gareT. man
uTxra maT: isini, romlebic aq arian, romlebic asruleben mamaCemis nebas,
- arian Cemi Zmebi da dedaCemi. es isini arian, romlebic Sevlen mamaCemis
sasufevelSi.
104. iesos aCvenes oqros moneta da uTxres: isini, vinc ekuTvnian kei-
sars, Cvengan Txouloben gadasaxads. man uTxra: mieciT keisars is, rac
ekuTvnis keisars, mieciT RmerTs is, rac ekuTvnis RmerTs, da is, rac
Cemia, momeciT is me!
105. mas, vinc ar moiZula Tavisi mama da Tavisi deda, rogorc me, ver
SeZlebs iyos Cemi [mowafe], da is, vinc [ar] Seiyvara Tavisi [mama da] Ta-
visi deda, rogorc me, ver SeZlebs iyos Cemi [mowafe]. rameTu dedaCemi...
magram WeSmaritad man momaniWa me sicocxle.
106. iesom Tqva: vai maT, farisevlebs! rameTu isini hgvanan ZaRls,
romelsac sZinavs xarebis gejaze. igi arc Wams da arc xarebs anebebs
Wamas.
107. iesom Tqva: netaria adamiani, vinc icis, [ra dros] modian yaCaRebi,
ase rom igi adgeba, Sekrebs... da qamars Semoirtyams welze, vidre isini
movlen.
108. maT uTxres [mas]: wavideT vilocoT dRes da vimarxuloT. iesom
Tqva: rogoria codva, romelic me Cavidine an romelsac me davmorCildi?
magram, roca nefe gamova saqorwilo darbazidan, maSin undaT maT imarx-
ulon da undaT ilocon!
109. iesom Tqva: is, vinc Seicnobs mamas da dedas, - mas daarqmeven meZavi
qalis Zes.
110. iesom Tqva: rodesac Tqven ors erTad hyofT, Tqven gaxdebiT kacis
Ze, da, Tu Tqven etyviT mTas: daiZari, igi gadaadgildeba.
111. iesom Tqva: sasufeveli waagavs mwyemss, romelsac asi cxvari hyavs.
erTi maTgani, yvelaze didi, daikarga. man miatova oTxmocdacxrameti [da]
daiwyo erTis Zebna, vidre ar i pova igi. mas Semdeg, rac igi gaisarja, man
uTxra cxvars: me Sen metad miyvarxar, vidre oTxmocdacxrameti.
112. iesom Tqva: igi, vinc wyurvili moikla Cemi bageebidan, gaxdeba Cem-
nairi. mec aseve, me igi gavxdebi, da saidumlo cxadi gaxdeba misTvis.
113. iesom Tqva: sasufeveli waagavs kacs, romelsac Tavis mindorSi said-
umlo saganZuri aqvs da araferi icis amis Sesaxeb. da [man ver i pova im
dromde, vidre ar] mokvda, man is dautova Tavis [Zes]. Svilma ar icoda;

20
man miiRo es mindori [da] gayida. da is, vinc iyida, mivida, gaTxara [da
i pova] ganZi. man daiwyo fulis procentebiT micema [maTTvis, visTvisac]
mas undoda.
114. iesom Tqva: is, vinc i pova qveyana [da] gaxda mdidari, dae ganeridos
am qveyanas!
115. iesom Tqva: ca, iseve rogorc miwa, qeds moidreken Tqvens winaSe, da
is, vinc cocxalia cocxalisgan, ver ixilavs sikvdils. rameTu (?) iesom
Tqva: is, vinc i pova Tavisi Tavi, ­qveyana ar aris misi Rirsi.
116. iesom Tqva: vai im sxeuls, romelic damokidebulia sulze; vai im
suls, romelic damokidebulia sxeulze.
117. misma mowafeebma uTxres mas: rodis modis sasufeveli? [iesom Tqva]:
igi ar modis, roca elodebian. ar ityvian: ai, aq! ­an, ai, iq! magram mamis
sasufeveli vrceldeba miwaze, da adamianebi ver xedaven mas.
118. simon petrem uTxra maT: wavides mariami Cvengan, rameTu qalebi ar
arian sicocxlis Rirsni. iesom Tqva: SexedeT, me warvmarTav mas, rom
gavxado igi kaci, raTa isic gaxdes cocxali suli, Tqvens, mamakacebis ms-
gavsad. rameTu yoveli qali, romelic gaxdeba kaci, Seva cis sasufevelSi.

Tomas saxareba

21
komentarebi
axali aRTqmaSi Tavmoyrilia I-III saukuneebSi Seqmnili vrceli qris-
tianuli literaturis mxolod mcire nawili. II-IV saukuneebSi moRvawe
mwerlebi moixsenieben da citirebas ukeTeben sxvadasxva saxarebebs. maT
Soris, petres, andrias, barTlomes saxarebebs, Tomas or saxarebas, Si-
naarsobrivad sruliad gansxvavebul mariamis saxarebas. RvTismetyveli
klimenti aleqsandrieli (daaxloebiT 200 weli qristes Sobidan) wers,
rom gavrcelebuli iyo markozis sami saxareba: kanonikuri, yalbi da
xeldasxmulTa viwro wrisaTvis gankuTvnili saidumlo saxareba. yvela
is wigni, romelic ar Sedis axal aRTqmaSi, gandevnilia eklesiis mier
da maT apokrifebs uwodeben.
mecnierTa erT nawils miaCnia, rom `Tomas saxareba” anu ieso qristes
gamonaTqvamTa krebuli, Seiqmna ara ugvianes pirveli saukunis 40-50
wlebisa. Tumca, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom teqsti iesos qadagebebis
paralelurad iqmneboda. saxarebas ar ganucdia redaqtireba Zveli aRTq-
mis tradiciebTan Serwymis mizniT.
saxareba Sesulia nag-hamadis meore kodeqsSi. igi rigiT meore te-
qstia da 32.10 – 51.26 gverdebs moicavs. nawarmoebi calkeuli gam-
onaTqvamebisagan Sedgeba, ris gamoc danomrilia gamonaTqvamebis mixedveT.
teqsti kargad aris Senaxuli. saxareba berZnuladaa naTargmni kopturi
enis saiduri dialeqtidan.
Tomas xelnaweri TiTqmis sityvasityviT emTxveva adreqristianuli
teqstebis logiebsa (berZ. logos sityva, cneba) da agrafebs. xSirad
gvxdeba Tomas saxarebis citireba, rac adasturebs, rom I-II saukuneebSi
teqsti uzarmazari religiuri avtoritetiT sargeblobda, magram meore
saukunis bolos, nawarmoebis arqaulma formam kanongareSed daayena igi.
amis mizezi iyo im periodSi ukve damkvidrebuli saxarebis Janris stand-
arti. upirveles yovlisa aucilebeli gaxda teqstSi TxrobiTi nawilis
CarTva, gansakuTrebiT, vnebebis Sesaxeb. uaryofili teqsti, albaT, kidev
didxans inaxeboda ganmartoebul qristianul erTobebSi, monastrebSi
da gnostikur wreebSi. ucnobma qristianma meudabnoem, romelmac morigi
`eretikuli” wmendis dros saimedod gadamala gnostikuri teqstebi,
Tavisdauneburad, kacobriobas Semounaxa ieso qristes gamonaTqvamebis
Canawerebi.

apokrifis mizanmimarTuleba – Ziebaa. swored Ziebis procesia gamoxat-


uli SesavalSi da Tan gasdevs mTel nawarmoebs. saxeebi da mcnebebi me-
ordeba, isini saxarebis avtors ar gamougonia, isini adrec arsebobdnen.
swored maTi daxmarebiT mimdinareobs Zieba, Cndeba axali gadawyvetile-
bebi, iqmneba axali suraTebi. amave dros, isini icvlebian, ivsebian gansx-
vavebuli SinaarsiT, adgils uTmoben sxva saxeebsa da mcnebebs, romlebic
ufro metad pasuxoben axlad Camoyalibebul azrs.

22
mniSvnelovania „Tomas saxarebis” kompoziciuri wyobis Tema. special-
uri statiis avtori apokrifis kompoziciis Sesaxeb harieti, miuTiTebs
`sakvanZo sityvebis” arsebobaze, romlebic erTmaneTTan akavSireben
calkeul abzacebs.
apokrifis wyobis problema gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania. TiToeuli
abzacis analizi nawarmoebis mTlian konteqstSi, gaaadvilebs gamonaTqv-
amebSi gadmocemuli azris Secnobas. gTavazobT Tomas saxarebaSi moyvanil
ieso qristes 118 gamonaTqvamis (118 abzacis) komentarebs, sadac gansa-
kuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba abzacebs Soris arsebul Sida da gare kav-
Sirebs (abzacebis numeracia moyvanilia Jan doresis mixedviT, romelmac
1959 wels pirvelma gamoiyena xelnaweris dayofa 118 gamonaTqvamad).
zogierTi Tema ramdenjerme meordeba, magram yovelTvis axleburadaa ga-
Suqebuli.
saxarebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi Tema, - sicocxlisa da sikvdilis prob-
lema SesavalSivea formirebuli. sikvdilis gadalaxva, SesaZlebloba,
rom „ar SeigrZnobs sikvdils”, Serwymulia hermenevtikis amocanasTan –
im „saidumlo sityvebis” ganmartebasTan, romlebic Tqva cocxalma iesom
da Caiwera didimos iuda Tomam.
1 abzacSi, iseve, rogorc SesavalSi, gaismis Ziebisaken mowodeba. am
procesis dasruleba adamianisaTvis, ­eqstatikuri mdgomareobis gancdaa:
„... da raJams hpovebs, iqneba SeZrwunebuli. da, Tu is SeZrwunebulia,
is iqneba gaocebuli, da imefebs yovelsa zeda”. „sakvanZo sityvebi” Ses-
avalisa da pirveli abzacisTvis: „vinc miagnebs” (Sesavali), „vidre ar
hpovebs” (1). marTalia gamoyenebulia sxvadasxva sityvebi, magram amiT
azri ar icvleba.
sasufevlis Tema viTardeba 2 abzacSi. adamianis gancdis aRwera,
romelmac miagno sanukvar sibrZnes da romlis wyalobiTac „imefebs
yovelsa zeda”, adgils uTmobs (abzaci 2 da 3) sasufevlisa da misken
mimavali gzis Secnobis moZRvrebis safuZvlebs. avtori ekamaTeba mas,
vinc fiqrobs, rom sasufevlis mopoveba SesaZlebelia xilul samyaroSi
(zecaSi an zRvaSi) da meore abzacs amTavrebs sityvebiT: „sasufeveli
TqvenSia da Tvinier Tqvenda”. am SemTxvevaSi sasufeveli, romelic erT-
droulad moicavs Tavad adamiansac da imasac, rac mis gareSe arsebobs,
upirispirdeba materialur sazRvrebTan dakavSirebul warmosaxvas sasuf-
evlis Sesaxeb.
3 abzacSi maxarebeli TiTqos kvlav ubrundeba sasufevlisken mima-
vali gzis sakiTxs, Tumca am sityvas ar axsenebs. „cocxali mamis” saxe
rom pirdapir kavSirSia aRniSnul cnebasTan, naTlad dasturdeba 62, 80,
100, 101, 102, 103, 117 abzacebSi, sadac moxsenebulia „mamis sasufeveli”.
sasufevelze arsebuli warmodgenis Sesabamisad, sasufevlisa, romelic
xiluli movlenebis samyarosgan gancalkevebiT dgas da, romelic „Tqven-
Sia da Tvinier Tqvenda”, 3 abzacSi gaismis mowodeba TviTSemecnebisaken.
adamianma sakuTari Tavi samyarosTan da sasufevelTan erTianobaSi unda

23
Seicnos. es mowodeba gzas uxsnis adamians, rom gaxdes am erTiano-
bis monawile. amave dros, adamiani sasufevlisa da qveynis erTianobis
nawilad aRiqmeba.
Tu pirvel abzacSi Ziebis procesi emociur konteqstSia gadmoce-
muli, 3 gamonaTqvamSi garkveulwilad ikveTeba sakuTari Tavis Secnobis
Sedegi („raJams SeicnobT sakuTar Tavs, Tqven moi povebT sibrZnes da
mixvdebiT, rom cocxali mamis Svilebi xarT”). 55 abzacSi „cocxali
mamis Svilebi” arian brZenni da citata TiTqmis sityvasityviT meordeba
(„Cven misi Svilebi varT, da cocxali mamis rCeulni varT”). aRsaniSnavia
sicocxlisa da sikvdilis Tema. sicocxle asocirdeba Semecnebis gansa-
kuTrebul formasTan, pirvel rigSi TviTSemecnebasTan. Semecnebis amgvari
formis xasiaTi, romelic adamians zemoxsenebuli erTianobis monawiles
xdis, gamoixateba frazaSi: „Tuki ver SeicaniT sakuTari Tavi, maSin
icxovrebT siRatakeSi da iqnebiT Ratakni”.
4 abzacSi grZeldeba sicocxlis momtani codnis Tema. saxarebis
avtoris TanamedroveebisaTvis sakmarisi iyo ori-sami sityva, raTa mkiTx-
velis an msmenelis mexsierebaSi Sesabamisi asociacia gamoewvia. maTTvis
saWiroebas ar warmoadgenda saxeebze yuradRebis gamaxvileba. am abzacSi
pirvelad aRiniSneba inversiis Tema („bevri pirvelni ukanasknelni iqnebi-
an”), romelic momavalSi mravaljer ganmeordeba. yuradRebas i pyrobs
abzacis bolo frazac („da iqnebian erTxorcni”). sxvadasxva abzacebis
analizidan, romlebSic araerTxel meordeba erTianobis opozicia – gaTi-
Suloba, gamomdinareobs, rom sibrZne myaradaa dakavSirebuli umTavres
dapirispirebebTan: sicocxle – sikvdili, sasufeveli – qveyana, sinaTle
– sibnele da sxv. 3 da 4 abzacebis damakavSirebeli `sakvanZo sityvebia”:
`cocxali mamis Svilebi” (3) da „sicocxlis adgili” (4).
Semecnebisken mowodeba gaismis 5 abzacSic: „Seicani is, rac [an vinc]
Sens Tvalwinaa, da is [an vinc], rac dafarulia Sengan, TvalsaCino gax-
deba SenTvis. vinaidan araferia [an aravin] dafaruli, rom ar gacxaddes”.
mkafiod gamoxatuli da Semecnebis procesTan dakavSirebuli dafa-
rulis, gasaidumloebulis cxadTan, gamoaSkaravebulTan dapirispireba,
gvabrunebs SesavalSi, sadac TvalSisacemia aseTive dapirispireba („said-
umlo sityvebi” – „am sityvebis ganmarteba”). r. grantisa da d. fridmanis
komentarebis mixedviT „saidumlo sityvebis” mTqmeli „cocxali ieso”
(Sesavali) mkvdreTiT aRmdgari ufalia, romelic aRdgomis Semdeg uqa-
dagebs Tavis rCeul mowafeebs”. am azris WeSmariteba saeWvoa. epiTetSi
„saidumlo”, SesaZloa, igive azria Caqsovili, rac 5 abzacSi. sityvebi
dafarulia da saidumlos warmoadgenen manam, vidre adamiani ar amoxs-
nis maT mniSvnelobas Semecnebis saSualebiT. iesos saxels damatebuli
epiTeti „cocxali” ukavSirdeba ara mxolod qristes aRdgomas, aramed
mis uSualo kavSirs „sasufevelTan”, romelic igivea, rac „sicocxle”.
cxadTan, aSkarasTan dapirispirebuli saidumloeba 5 abzacSi win-
amorbed abzacebTan ar imyofeba mxolod formalur kavSirSi. Tavisi ar-

24
siT Semecneba Tomas saxarebaSi asocirdeba sicocxlesTan, sasufevelTan,
erTianobasTan. msgavsebaa 3 abzacTanac, - Semecnebas (riskenac Toma max-
arebeli mogviwodebs) mivyavarT gamocxadebisken.
6 abzacSi idumalisa da cxadis dapirispirebis formiT avtori kvlav
ubrundeba inversiis Temas mas Semdeg, rac ismis kiTxva marxvis, locvi-
sa da mowyalebis Sesaxeb. aRniSnul siuJetze gadasvla kompoziciurad
gamarTlebulia mowafeebis mxridan dasmuli SekiTxviT. wes-Cveulebebis
Sesrulebisa da dogmebis dacvis (marxva, locva, mowyaleba) magivrad,
saxareba mogviwodebs uari vTqvaT sicrueze da Zaladobaze sakuTari
Tavis mimarT. aqcenti kvlav gamaxvilebulia sakuTari „me”-s damkvidre-
baze da Secnobaze. 5 abzacSi erTianobis miRwevis procesi aRwerilia
subieqtis anu adamianis TvalsazrisiT, romlisTvisac codnis mopovebas
gamocxadeba mosdevs. 6 abzacSi igive Temaze saubaria obieqtis mxridan
(„yovelive naTelia zecis winaSe”). am abzacebisTvis „sakvanZo sityvas”
warmoadgens fraza „rom ar gamoCndes”.
SesaZlo cvlilebebis Sesaxebaa saubari zemoT ganxilul yvela abzac-
Si, 2 abzacis garda. maTSi aRwerilia `saidumlos” gacxadeba, riTac gam-
JRavndeba dafaruli. cvlileba, romelic dakavSirebulia SemecnebasTan.
swored amgvar cvlilebebzea saubari 7 abzacSi. igavi brZen meTevzeze
SeiZleba gulisxmobdes brZen adamians, romelmac airCia Semecnebis gza.
igive ganmarteba SeiZleba gamoviyenoT 9 abzacisaTvis (igavi mTesvelze,
sadac adamiani xsnas codnaSi hpovebs). SesaZloa mTesvelSi da meTevzeSi
avtors mxedvelobaSi hyavda Tavad ieso qriste. orive SemTxvevaSi igavi
gulisxmobs maT, visac ZaluZs qristes moZRvrebis aRqma. asea Tu ise,
7-9 abzacebis qveteqstSi unda veZioT Semecnebis Tema. rac Seexeba 8-10
abzacebis „sakvanZo sityvebs”, esenia: „isrola” (8), „mimoabnia” (9) da „me
Cavagde”.
10 abzacSi iesos misia ganxilulia misi esqatologiuri mniSvne-
lobiT. abzacSi naTlad ikveTeba is Tema, romelic xSirad meordeba
sxva abzacebSic. kerZod, Tema qristes misiis Sedegad mTeli samyaros
bedis cvlilebis Sesaxeb. am TemasTan mimarTebiT cecxli samjer aris
moxseniebuli saxarebaSi (Sdr. 17 da 86). sityva `qveyana~, romelic
apokrifSi pirvelad am abzacSi gvxvdeba, SemdgomSi mravaljer meordeba
(ix. abzacebi 10, 17, 25, 29, 32, 33, 61, 84, 114, 115). marTalia konteqsti
icvleba, magram sityva igive rCeba da sul ufro naTlad ikveTeba misi
mniSvneloba, ufro swored, misi mravalsaxeoba. „qveyana” migviTiTebs si-
tyva “sasufeveliT” gamoxatuli warmosaxvis gansxvavebul mdgomareobze.
erTi SexedviT 11 abzaci winaaRmdegobaSia 7 abzacTan, sadac daSve-
bulia cocxalis mkvdrad gadaqcevis SesaZlebloba da piriqiT, xolo 11
abzaci uaryofs amgvari gardaqmnis SesaZleblobas. ar aris gamoricxuli,
rom am SemTxvevaSi sulac ar gvqondes saqme winaaRmdegobasTan, vinaidan
7 abzacSi igulisxmeba Semecnebis mdgomareoba, metaforulad – mkvdris
SeTviseba cocxlis mier, xolo 11 abzacSi sruliad gansxvavebul mdgo-

25
mareobazea saubari („es ca gardaivlis, da is, rac mis zeviTaa, gardaiv-
lis...”).
11 abzacis azri TiTqos grZeldeba 12 abzacis pirvel nawilSi, sa-
dac erTmaneTs upirispirdeba ori mdgomareoba: erTi, roca SesaZlebelia
mkvdaris cocxlad gardaqmna, da meore – mdgomareoba „naTelSi”, sadac
kiTxva “ras izamT?” anu mkvdaris cocxlad gardaqmnis sakiTxi uazro-
baa, vinaidan “naTeli” TavisTavad ukve sicocxlea. 12 abzaci paralel-
izmisa da Sinagani dapirispirebis princi pzea agebuli. pirvel nawilSi
dasmuli SekiTxva uaryofiT pasuxzea gaTvlili, xolo meore SekiTxvas
dadebiTi pasuxi mohyveba: aq saubaria gaorebis mdgomareobaze, romelic
unda gadalaxos brZeni adamianis Zalisxmevam. am abzacis meore naiwilis
amgvari axsna gamomdinareobs mTeli rigi sxva abzacebidan (magaliTad,
4, 28, 110), sadac dapirispireba erTianoba-gaTiSuloba zustad amgvarad
aris axsnili. zemoT ganxilul 11 da 12 gamonaTqvamebSi meordeba si-
cocxlisa da sikvdilis Tema, romelic amjerad dakavSirebulia `na-
TelTan”, romelic warmoadgens Semecnebis gzaze mimavali adamianebis sab-
oloo mdgomareobas. ukve aRvniSneT, rom Tomas saxareba dapirispirebebis
princi pzea agebuli. 11 da 12 abzacebSi gardacvlilebi upirispirdebian
cocxlebs, erTianoba – gaTiSulobas. bunebrivia, unda velodoT, rom
arsebobs `naTelis” sapirispiro `sibnele”, rac dasturdeba 65 gamonaTq-
vamSi. 11 da 12 abzacebSi `sakvanZo sityvebia”: `romlebic mkvdrebi arian”
(11), `mkvdari” (12).
13 abzaci iwyeba mowafeebis SekiTxviT, romelic iseve, rogorc 6 ab-
zacSi, exmareba avtors gadavides axal siuJetze – qristes mimdevrebis
bedze, rodesac maT gverdiT aRar iqneba ieso. aRsaniSnavia, rom es
siuJeti ar aris amovardnili nawarmoebidan da migviTiTebs macxovris
misiaze. yuradRebas i pyrobs gza, romlis gavlac eliT iesos mimdevrebs.
gza, rogorc Cans, raRacnairad ukavSirdeba Semecnebas. 13 da 14 abzacebi
mxolod `sakvanZo sityvebiT” ar ukavSirdebian erTmaneTs (`marTalTan”
– 13, `samarTlian” – 14). aSkaraa maT Soris azrobrivi siaxlovec: 13
abzacSi saubaria codnis miRwevis gzaze da moZRvarze, xolo 14 abzaci
nawilobriv axasiaTebs Tavad codnas. nawilobriv imitom, rom saubaria
ara Semecnebis gzaze, aramed iesoze – am gzis moZRvarze. avtori uaryofs
samarTliani angelozisa da brZeni filosofosis urTierTSedarebas da
gamoricxavs moZRvrebis ganmartebas, rogorc garegnuli wesebis Ses-
rulebas. abzacis meore nawili orientirebulia iesos moZRvrebis eqsta-
zur xasiaTze (`Sen wyurvili moikali mduRare wyarodan”), xeldasx-
mulTa aqtiur rolze (`me ar var Seni moZRvari”). 14 abzaci 1 abzacis
erTgvari gamoZaxilia da mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs mTliani teqstis
SecnobisaTvis. saidumlos gamxelas hpirdeba ieso mowafeebs 18 abzacSic
(Sdr. 112).
arc 14 da 15 gamonaTqvamebia erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli mxolod
`sakvanZo sityvebiT” (`Cemi bageni” – 14, `bageebSi”­ 15). 14 abzaci saSu-

26
alebas gvaZlevs moZRvrebis Sinaarsidan amovicnoT, Tu vis vamsgavsoT
ieso, xolo 15 abzaci yuradRebas amaxvilebs misi mimdevrebis qcevaze,
rac naTels hfens moZRvrebis xasiaTs. nawarmoebSi samjeraa uaryofili
marxva, locva, mowyaleba (abzacebi 6, 15, 108) da samivejer sxvadasxva
konteqstSi. 6 abzacSi es wes-Cveulebebi TiTqos upirispirdeba adamianis
WeSmarit bunebas. 15 abzacSi zemoT xsenebuli wes-Cveulebebis uaryofa
paradoqsuli formiTaa gadmocemuli, rac aZlierebs maT gamomxatvelo-
bas. abzacis finali naTels hfens, ratom aris uaryofili marxva: `is,
rac Seva Tqvens bageebSi, ar wagbilwavT Tqven, aramed Tqveni piridan
gamomavali wagbilwavT Tqven”. avtors aqcenti gadaaqvs adamianis su-
lieri sawyisis mniSvnelobaze da afrTxilebs mowafeebs: `avnebT Tqvens
suls”. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs codvis cneba, romelic
pirvelad 15 abzacSi gvxvdeba da, romelsac qristianul religiaSi gan-
sakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs.
15 da 16 abzacebisaTvis `sakvanZo sityvebia”: `badebT” (15) da `ar
aris naSobi” (16). r. granti da d. fridmani Tvlian, rom am ukanasknelSi
igulisxmeba ieso (is, `romelic qalisagan ar aris naSobi”). 17 abzacSi
Toma ubrundeba eqstaziT gamowveuli mdgomareobis Temas. iseve, rogorc
14 abzacSi, saubaria adamianebis mier iesos misiis Secnobaze. abzaci
agebulia opoziciis princi pze da Tavdapirvelad exmaureba 10 abzacs,
xolo Semdeg saubaria momavalze, romelic moiazreba amJamad aRreuli
urTierTsapirispiro sawyisTa gancalkevebaSi. 16 da 17 abzacebis damaka-
vSirebeli `sakvanZo sityvebia”: `Tqveni mama” (16) da `mama” (17).
18 abzaci agrZelebs iesos misiis Temas da daxasiaTebulia mowafeebi-
saTvis gadacemul codna. gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba moZRvrebis
arss. 18 abzacTan Sinagan kavSirSia 19 abzaci, sadac aqcenti keTdeba
uxrwnadobaze da masTan dakavSirebul absoluturobaze (`netaria is,
vinc dasawyisSi idgeba: da is Seicnobs dasasruls, da is ver SeigrZnobs
sikvdils”). igive idea viTardeba 20 abzacSi, sadac yuradRebas i pyrobs
Sope zmnis ori formis Sedareba, romlebsac qarTul enaSi Seesabameba
zmnebi `arseboba” da `dabadeba”. avtori kvlav mimarTavs dapirispire-
bas – xiluli sawyisis cvalebadoba da sulieri sawyisis Seudrekeloba.
21 abzacSi gadmocemulia sulieri sawyisis upiratesi mniSvnelo-
ba materialur samyaroze batonobis formiT (`es qvebi mogemsaxurebian
Tqven”). garkveulwilad igi Tavisi mniSvnelobiT exmaureba 7 da 12
abzacebs, romlebSic mkvdaris cocxlad gadaqceva, rogorc irkveva, Sem-
ecnebis mniSvnelobas iZens.
Tomas saxarebaSi sxvadasxva debuleba ramdenjerme meordeba, Tumca
zogjer sxvadasxva saxiT. Tavisi arsiT 19 abzacis aseT paralelad iT-
vleba 55 abzaci, romelSic naTeli, iesos mowafeebis sawyis da sasrul
mdgomareobad aris dasaxelebuli.
xatovnad aris gadmocemuli sicocxlis, maradiul RirebulebebTan
ziarebis Tema 22 abzacSi.

27
apokrifSi daSvebulia teqstis sxvadasxva interpretacia. saqme mx-
olod imaSi ar aris, rom Cven TiTqmis ar vflobT cnobebs avtoris
asociaciebis Sesaxeb da, aqedan gamomdinare SeuZlebelia saboloo azris
gamotana. ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom mxatvruli azrovneba gulisxmobs
rogorc nawarmoebis Semoqmedis, aseve mkiTxvelis fantaziis Tavisufle-
bas. es ukanaskneli TiTqos Tanaavtori xdeba da Tavisi warmosaxviT
avsebs avtoris mier uTqmel azrebs. Tumca, teqstis erTianoba mainc
gansazRvravs dasaSvebi ganmartebebis sazRvrebs. 20 abzacis interpreta-
ciisaTvis dasaSvebia warmosaxviTi asociaciebi iesosTan, mis mowafeebTan
da im arsTan, romelic ar amoiwureba rRvevisadmi midrekili material-
uri samyaroTi (Sdr. 81). sinamdvileSi, TiToeuli asociacia ar gamor-
icxavs meores, vinaidan sabolood yvela maTgans mniSvnelobaTa erTi
rigi akavSirebT. 19 da 20 abzacebis `sakvanZo sityvebia” `netaria” (19)
da `netaria” (20).
davubrundeT 17 abzacs, romelic eZRvneba iesos misias, Temas, ro-
melSic sxvaze metad mJRavndeba saxarebis Tavisebureba. 2 abzacSi saubar-
ia `sasufevelze”, rogorc aramaterialur mTlianobaze. igi upirispirde-
ba `qveyanas” (igive dapirispireba naTlad Cans 32 abzacSic). am opozicias
Seesabameba xorcielisa da sulieris Sedareba (ix. 34). adamianis bedi,
romlis bunebac iTavsebs dapirispirebebs (sulieri da xorcieli), ima-
zea damokidebuli, Tu romeli sawyisi gaimarjvebs adamianSi. sulieri
sawyisis gamarjveba niSnavs gaTiSulobis aRsasruls, erTianobasa da
maradiulobas. cxonebis gza, gza `qveynis” mdgomareobidan `sasufevlis”
mdgomareobamde TviTSemecnebaze gadis. adamianSi gamomwyvdeuli suli,
romelic aforiaqebulia iesos moZRvrebiT, Tavisufldeba samyaros su-
lierebis SemweobiT da erwymis mas.
am nawarmoebs aqvs Txrobis ori mxare. erTi mxriv saubaria cvli-
lebebis, drois, gaTiSulobis Sesaxeb, xolo meore mxriv – gaTiSuloba
gadaiqceva erTianobad, dro ki miiswrafis maradiulobisaken. swored
amis sesaxeb gvamcnobs dapirispirebebis saxeebis da cnebebis urTierTcva-
lebadoba. amitom, droisa da gaTiSulobis TvalsazrisiT Cndeba miTebi
sulze, adamianSi gamomwyvdeul sinaTlis naperwkalze, gnosisze, xolo
erTianobisa da maradiulobis TvalsazrisiT gnostikosic, gnosisic,
iesoc, mama RmerTic – yvelani erTni arian.
Tuki 22 abzacSi saubaria sikvdilis daZlevis gzebze, romlis gavla
SesaZlebelia SemecnebiT (anu `sasufevlis” damkvidrebiT), Semdegi sami
abzaci (23-25) gvamcnobs “sasufevlis” mdgomareobis damokidebulebaze
sapirispiro mdgomareobasTan – `qveyanasTan”. 24 da 25 abzacebi (`sakvanZo
sityvebi: `patronebi” – 24, `patronma” – 25) sainteresoa saxarebaSi
calkeuli saxeebisTvis miCenili adgilis TvalsazrisiTa da logiebs
Soris arsebuli azrobrivi da pirovnuli kavSirebiT. 24 abzacSi mowa-
feebi Sedarebuli arian bavSvebTan, romlebic sxvis mindorSi dganan,
anu isini imyofebian `amqveynad”. 25 abzaci iwyeba aityvebiT: `amitom,

28
me vambob”. Semdeg kvlav axali Sedareba saxlTan da saxlis patronTan,
agreTve qurdebTan. yovelives naTeli efineba daskvniT nawilSi: `Tqven
ki ifxizleT qveynis winaSe... raTa yaCaRebma ver i povon Tqvensken moma-
vali gzebi. rameTu madls, rasac Tqven eliT, i poviT!” rolebi icvleba:
yaCaRebi – es `qveyanaa”, xolo saxlis patronSi igulisxmeba mowafeebi.
gamonaTqvamebis pirovnuli kavSiri (erTi da igive saxe) ar emTxveva Si-
naarsobrivs. saxeebis mniSvneloba icvleba, radgan emorCileba ideis gan-
viTarebas: `qveyana” mtrulad aris ganwobili mowafeebisadmi, romlebic
unda ufrTxodneen mas.
26 abzaci, agrZelebs mowafeebis Temas da, amave dros, ubrundeba
codnis Temasac. 27 abzaci gvaswavlis `sasufevlis” mopovebis gzebs,
risTvisac aucilebelia mowafeebis aqtiuroba (`roca Tqven...”). erTmane-
Tis TanmimdevrobiT CamoTvlili pirobebi garkveulwilad gamoricxaven
erTmaneTs (erTi – mimarTulia `qveynis” kontrastebis, misi mravalgva-
robis mosaxsnelad, xolo meore SesanarCuneblad, oRond gansxvavebul
xarisxSi) da mkiTxvels uCndeba azri, rom `sasufeveli” yofierebis
sruliad axali donea, romelic raRaciT Camohgavs `qveynierebas”.
28 gamonaTqvami ganavrcobs erTianobis Temas da, amave dros, ubrundeba
mowafeTa rCeulobis Tamas, romlebic SeZleben moi povon `sasufeveli”.
28 abzaci, iseve, rogorc misi winamorbedi, agebulia kontrastulobaze:
erTianobis Temas myisve anacvlebs rCeulobis Tema. gamonaTqvamebs Soris
myardeba ara marto Tematuri kavSiri, aramed `sakvanZo sityvebis” kav-
Siric (`erTxorcad – 27, `erTsaxad” – 28).
mowafeebis Tema grZeldeba 29 abzacSic, miuxedavad imisa, rom mowa-
feebis SekiTxva iesos adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb, TiTqos scildeba aRniS-
nul Temas (`gvaCvene adgili, sadac xar”). es SekiTxva mogvagonebs 4
abzacs, romelSic saubaria `sicocxlis adgilis” Sesaxeb. msgavseba ar
Semoifargleba mxolod formis xasiaTiT. iesos pasuxSi gamokveTilia
TviTSemecnebis mniSvneloba. 3 da 5 abzacebis dakvirvebiT wakiTxvisas mi-
vdivarT daskvnamde, rom sityvebi `sicocxlis adgilis” Sesaxeb 4 abzac-
Si igive konteqstSia naxmari. iesos gaigiveba `naTel adamianSi” arsebul
sinaTlesTan, Seesabameba warmosaxvas iesosa da mis mowafeebSi arsebuli
sulieri sawyisis Sesaxeb. 29 gamonaTqvami, sadac ieso, anu igive sinaTle,
rac mis mowafeebSicaa, gvexmareba 30 da 31 abzacebis ganmartebaSi.
gamonaTqvamebi erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli arian, rogorc `sakvanZo
sityvebiT” (`Seni Zma” – 30, `Seni Zmis” – 31), aseve mowafeebis erTmaneT-
Tan damokidebulebiT. 30 abzacSi grZeldeba erTianobis Tema, romelic
dakavSirebulia `sasufevelSi” gadasvlasTan (`giyvardes Seni Zma, ro-
gorc suli Seni”). amasve eqvemdebareba 31 gamonaTqvamic.
32 abzacSi ver vxedavT gamonaTqvamis Cveul dasawyiss - `iesom Tqva”,
rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom es abzaci wina abzacis gagrZelebaa. es mosazreba
ufro kanonzomieri iqneba, Tu 31 abzacSi SevniSnavT azrs `sasufevelSi”
gadanacvlebis Sesaxeb. 32 abzaci naTels hfens frazis – `rodesac Seni

29
Tvalidan dires amoiReb” – mniSvnelobas, saubaria TavSekavebulobaze,
`qveynis” gadalaxvaze, romlis saSualebiTac SesaZlebelia `sasufevlis”
mopoveba.
32 da 33 abzacebs erTmaneTTan akavSirebT `sakvanZo sityvebi”:
`qveynisgan” (32), `qveynis SuagulSi” (33). am ukanasknelSi gaismis iesos
misiis ukve kargad nacnobi Tema, romelic ixsneba axali mimarTulebiT:
wamyvani adgili sibralulis grZnobas eniWeba (`sevdam moicva Cemi suli
kacTa Svilebis gamo”).
33 gamonaTqvams 34 abzacTan aerTianebs, rogorc `sakvanZo sityva”
(`xorcielad” – 33, `xorci” – 34), aseve Sedareba (xorci-suli). 33
abzacze dayrdnobiT gamoiTqva hi poTeza momdevno gamonaTqvamis mniSvn-
elobis asaxsnelad. 33 abzacSi ieso ambobs, rom igi qveyanas `xorcielad”
moevlina. aqedan gamomdinare, SesaZlebeli xdeba savaraudo ganmarteba
movunaxoT frazas: `Tu xorci iSva sulisaTvis, es – saocrebaa”, im
TvalsazrisiT, rom iesos sxeuli sulisaTvis aris Seqmnili. momdevno
fraza: `Tu xorci iSva sulisaTvis, es – saocrebaTa saocrebaa”, Sesa-
Zloa aseve gulisxmobdes iesos misias, xeli Seuwyos sulieri sawyisis
gaTavisuflebas, romelic adamianebSi xorciel sawyisTan aris Serwymuli
(`magram me makvirvebs, rogor Tavsdeba es uzarmazari simdidre aseT
siRatakeSi”). kargad nacnobi erTi dapirispireba (siRatake – simdidre)
emTxveva meores (xorci –­suli).
samyaros sulierebis Tema grZeldeba 35 abzacSic, romelic did
Tavsatexs uCens mkvlevarebs. aq ieso saubrobs Tavis Tavze, Tanac frazis
pirveli nawili upirispirdeba meores: (`...sadac ori an erTi RmerTia,
me maTTan var”). mis ganmartebas gviadvilebs abzacis berZnuli varianti:
`iesom Tqva: iq, sadac uRmerTobaa, da iq, sadac erTia, me geubnebiT Tqven
amas, me masTan var. aiRe qva, da me iq mi povi, gaape xe, da me iqac var”.
berZnuli variantis meore nawili meordeba kopturi teqstis 81 abzacSi:
`gaape xe, da me iq viqnebi; aiRe qva, da mis qveS mi povi me”. es teqstebi
avseben erTmaneTs da saSualebas gvaZleven 35 abzacSi gamovyoT 29 gam-
onaTqvamidan cnobili azri iesos im sawyis sinalesTan gaigivebis Sesaxeb,
romelic yvelafers efineba.
35 abzacis pirveli nawilis komentarisgan mkvlevarebi Tavs ikave-
ben, misi arsi gaugebaria. 36 abzaci uSualod ar aris dakavSirebuli
winamorbed gamonaTqvamTan, magram iqneb maT Soris mainc myardeba raime
kavSiri? gafrTxileba, romelsac Seicavs 36 abzaci, SeiZleba gaviazroT
yoveli arsebis gaorebuli bunebis dadasturebad. mxolod sulieri sawy-
isi miiswrafis Tavisi msgavsisaken. xolo sulierebis matareblis ganker-
Zoeba, romelic mis materialurobasTanaa dakavSirebuli, xels uSlis
gaerTianebas. SesaZloa, swored amaSi gamoixateba winaswarmetyvelebisa
da eqimebis misamarTiT gamoTqmuli gafrTxileba, romelic yuradRebas
amaxvilebs ara kerZo, maTi axloblebisaTvis xelmisawvdom codnaze, ar-
amed im saerTo bunebaze, risi matareblebic isini arian.

30
37 abzacSi iesos misiis Tema droebiT ukana planze gadadis da
adgils uTmobs codnis Temas. saxarebis avtori mas sxvadasxva mxridan
aSuqebs: saubaria WeSmariti codnis Seuryevlobaze da mis garduval
gavrcelebaze. am Temas mTlianad eZRvneba 38 abzaci, xolo momdevno
gamonaTqvamSi ieso ukve exeba ara WeSmarit, aramed mcdar codnas. amave
jgufs SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT 40 abzacic. `Zlieris saxli” aris `qveyana”,
sadac gamefebulia mcdari codna. is, vinc jer Zlieri unda gaTokos,
igulisxmeba adamiani, romelic WeSmariti codniTaa aRWurvili, xolo
WeSmariti codna `sasufevlisken” mimavali gzaa (102 abzacis paralelur
teqstSic `Zlieri adamiani” uaryofiT sawyisTan aris asocirebuli).
37 da 38 abzacebma mecnierebis yuradReba mii pyres axali aRTqmis
teqstebTan msgavsebiT. 37 axlos dgas maTe maxareblis teqstTan (`Tqven
soflis naTeli xarT. mTis wverze mdebare qalaqi ver daimaleba”. maT.
5:14), xolo 38 maTes saxarebis meore teqstis msgavsia (`sanTels rom
aanTeben, WurWelqveS ki ar dgamen, aramed sasanTleze, rom yvelas gauna-
Tos saxlSi”. maT. 5:15). aRniSnuli teqstebis erTi da igive Tanmimdev-
robam maTesa da Tomas saxarebebSi mecnierebi aiZula efiqraT, rom Tomam
gadmoiRo maTesgan teqstebi da Seitana maTSi Sesworebebi saxarebebis
sxva adgilebidan (Sdr. maT. 10:27, 5:15; luk. 12:3, 11:33, 8:16; mark. 4:21:24).
aucileblad unda aRiniSnos, rom: 37-40 abzacebs Soris arsebobs azro-
brivi kavSiri (`codnis” Tema oTxive gamonaTqvamSi), mxatvruli kavSiri
(`naTeli” 37-39) da, bolos, kavSiri sakvanZo sityvebSi (`dafaruli” –
37, `dafarul” – 38). abzacebis Tanmimdevruloba ar aris SemTxveviTi.
WeSmariti da mcdari codnis Tema SemdgomSic viTardeba. 41 da 42
abzacebs erTmaneTTan akavSirebs samosi, romelic `qveyanaze” ganasxvavebs
adamianebs da faravs maTSi erTianobas. kvlav gaismis kargad nacnobi
Sedareba ­`bavSvebis msgavsad” (42). (Sdr. abzacebi 24 da 27). gaorebis
gadalaxvisaTvis imedis micem dapirebad aRiqmeba 42 abzacis daskvniTi
nawili: `maSin [ixilavT] imis Zes, vinc cocxalia, da Tqven ar SegeSinde-
baT”. Zneli saTqmelia, aq ieso Suamavlis rolSi gvevlineba, Tu naTelis
saxiT, romelic gamomwyvdeulia adamianSi da, romelic Tavisufldeba
`qveynis” uaryofis Sedegad. amgvari ganmartebas mivyavarT 29 gamonaTq-
vamTan; paraleli ufro TvalSisacemia, radgan orive iwyeba mowafeebis
SekiTxviT (29 – adgili, sadac imyofeba ieso, 42 – dRe, rodesac ieso
gamoecxadeba mowafeebs).
azri, iesosa da mis mowafeebSi moqceuli sulieri sawyisis er-
Tianobis Sesaxeb, gamoxatulia erTmaneTis msgavs sityvebSi (mowafeebis
Sesaxeb: `cocxali mamis Svilebi” – 3; iesos Sesaxeb: `imis Zes, vinc
cocxalia” – 42).
Tu 42 abzacSi bundovania vis gulisxmobs avtori – iesos, rogorc
sinaTles Tavad adamianSi, Tu ieso-Suamavals, 43 abzacSi, savaraudod,
swored am ukanasknelzea saubari.

31
codnis Tema grZeldeba 44 abzacSi. iseve, rogorc 45, kvlav Suqdeba
sakiTxi mcdari codnis Sesaxeb. safiqrebelia, rom 46 abzacic codnis
Temas ganavrcobs. mravali sxva gamonaTqvamis msgavsad, masSi imaleba
dapirispireba: rCeulni, codnis Tanaziarni – codnas moklebulni. igive
azri meordeba 74 abzacSi. niSandoblivia is forma, romliTac codna am
ukanasknel abzacSia gadmocemuli. rCeuloba ganmartebulia ara garedan
boZebuli madlis saxiT, aramed, rogorc adamianis Sinagani Zalisxmevis
rezultati.
momdevno abzaci (47), rogorc Cans, ase unda iTargmnos: `iesom Tqva:
iyaviT gamvlelni”. erTi SexedviT igi amovardnilia konteqstidan, Tumca,
eWvgareSea, rom arsebobs cnobili Sinagani kavSiri massa da mis Tanmxleb
gamonaTqvamebs Soris. zemoT saubari iyo ori saxis codnis Sesaxeb, rom-
lebic gansazRvraven adamianis midrekilebas erTmaneTTan dapirispirebu-
li orive sawyisis mimarT. 47 gamonaTqvami Seicavs saxarebaSi araerTxel
naxseneb gafrTxilebas, – ar daumorCilo sakuTari Tavi materialuri
samyaros cvalebad interesebs.
48 abzaci kvlav iesos mowafeebis SekiTxviT iwyeba, isini ekiTxebian
iesos, Tu vin aris igi, romelic maT moZRvravs. momdevno ori gamonaTq-
vamis msgavsad, am abzacis ganxilva SesaZlebelia ori kuTxiT: axali
aRTqmis teqstebTan damokidebulebis TvalsazrisiT da maTi urTierTka-
vSirisa da mniSvnelobis TvalsazrisiT. pirvel aspeqts komentatorebma
didi yuradReba dauTmes da aRniSnaven 48 abzacis msgavsebas mTel rig
kanonikur teqstebTan. 48 gamonaTqvamis Sesaxeb r. granti da d. frid-
mani werdnen, rogorc `sakmaod ostaturi konstruqciis” Sesaxeb, sadac
erTmaneTSi Serwymulia ioanes (8:25), maTes (7:16-20) da lukas (6:43-44)
saxarebebis versiebi. bolos isini aRniSnaven: `yovelive ise gamoiyureba,
TiTqos Toma Segnebulad cdilobda azrisTvis mieniWebina meti idum-
aleba, vidre es saxarebebSia”. arsebobs safuZveli aRiniSnos, rom axal
aRTqmasTan msgavsebis probleba unda daisvas mxolod abzacebs Soris
arsebuli Sinagani kavSiris analizis Semdeg da nawarmoebis saerTo mniS-
vnelobaze damokidebulebidan gamomdinare. Tuki 48 abzacs ar SevxedavT
rogorc axali aRTqmis teqstebisgan `Sewebebul” gamonaTqvams, aramed
yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT mis kavSirebze sxva abzacebTan, maSin iesos
sityvebis (`iqidan gamomdinare, rasac geubnebiT, ver xvdebiT vin var?”)
mniSvneloba aSkara xdeba xisa da nayofis Sedarebis wyalobiT. igulisx-
meba damokidebuleba iesosa da mis moZRvrebas Soris. 48 abzaci ar aris
amovardnili im winamorbedi gamonaTqvamebis saerTo konteqstidan, rom-
lebSic saubari iyo codnis Sesaxeb.
fiqri sulieri sawyisis, rogorc umaRlesi sawyisis Sesaxeb, gadmo-
cemulia 49 abzacSi. da bolos, 50 gamonaTqvami, romelic mogviTxrobs
or gzaze, or mdgomareobaze, exmaureba 46 abzacs.
51 abzaci ubrundeba iesos misiis Temas. `dedakacTagan naSobni” (Sdr.
16 mamis Sesaxeb; `romelic qalisgan ar aris naSobi”), anu adamianebi

32
adamidan ioane naTlismcemlamde, upirispirdebian iesos mowafeebs, rom-
lebsac ZaluZT Sevidnen `sasufevelSi”.
ori sawyisis dapirispirebaa warmodgenili 52 abzacSi. gansakuTrebu-
li yuradReba gamaxvilebulia ori cxovrebiseuli gzis SeuTavseblobaze.
erTianobis Temas ubrundeba 53 gamonaTqvami (Sdr. 27 da 110), xolo
54 da 55 abzacebi eZRvneba im rCeul adamianebs (maTi aRmniSvneli termini
meordeba 17 da 19 abzacebSi), romlebSic sulierebas ekisreba ciklis
dasruleba Semecnebis saSualebiT. nawarmoebSi mravaljer gvxvdeba azri
sulieri sawyisis maradiulobis Sesaxeb, rac avtors xels ar uSlis
isaubros cvlilebebis Sesaxeb. igive SeimCneva erTianobisa da gaTiSulo-
bis sakiTxis mimarT. maxarebeli suls miawers maradiulobas, rogorc
mis erT-erT ZiriTad Tvisebas da, amave dros, yuradRebas amaxvilebs im
cvlilebebze, romlebsac ganicdis sulieri sawyisi iesos misiis Sedegad.
zustad aseve, avtori sulis ganuyoflobas upirispirebs materiis gaTi-
Sulobas da aqve saubrobs mamis, iesos, rCeulebis anu sulis arsebobis
sxvadasxva formebis Sesaxeb. aseTive dialeqtikuri maneriT asrulebs
Toma 55 abzacs: ` Tu Tqven gekiTxebian: rogoria Tqveni mamis niSani,
romelic TqvenSia? – uTxariT maT: moZraoba da simSvide”.
54 da 55 abzcebis `sakvanZo sityvebia: `rCeulni” (54), `rCeulni”
(55). 55 gamonaTqvami aseve dakavSirebulia 56 abzacTan sakvanZo sityviT:
`simSvide” (55), `simSvide” (56).
Tavisi agebulebiT 56 abzaci waagavs 117 gamonaTqvams, sadac saubaria
`sasufevlis” Sesaxeb, romelic vrceldeba dedamiwaze, magram xalxi mas
ver xedavs. rogorc `sasufeveli”, aseve `simSvide” kavSirSi arian Sem-
ecnebis procesTan (56 gamonaTqvami `simSvidis” Sesaxeb – `Tqven ver
SeicaniT is”; 117 abzaci `mamis sasufevlis” Sesaxeb – `da adamianebi ver
xedaven mas”).
iesos misiis Temas ganavrcobs 57 abzaci. am gamonaTqvamsa da mis
winamorbeds mxolod sakvanZo sityva (`maTTvis, vinc mkvdaria” – 56,
`maT, vinc mkvdaria” – 57) ar aerTianebT. mowafeebis SekiTxvaze, Tu
rodis dadgeba maTTvis `simSvidis” dRe, iesos pasuxi saSualebas aZlevs
mowafeebs Riad isaubron Zveli aRTqmis winaswarmetyvelebaTa damokideb-
ulebis Sesaxeb iesos misiis mimarT. pasuxSi aRiniSneba, rom SesaZlebelia
qristes misiis ganmarteba am winaswarmetyvelebaTa aRsrulebis Tval-
sazrisiT. kvlav gaismis nacnobi dapirispireba: sicocxle – sikvdili.
cocxali iesoa, xolo mkvdari – israelis winaswarmetyvelebi (avtori,
rogorc Cans, Zveli aRTqmidan cnobil ocdasam winaswarmetyvels umatebs
ocdameoTxes, kerod, ioane naTlismcemels. Sdr. 51). saerTod, Tomas sax-
arebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia Zveli aRTqmis tradiciebisadmi negatiuri
damokidebuleba da am damokidebulebaSi igi marto ar aris. cnobilia,
rom gnostikosma RvTismetyvelma markionma (daax. 85-160) uaryo Zveli
aRTqma da winaswarmetyvelebi.

33
rjulis kanonis winaaRmdeg aris mimarTuli momdevno abzacic (58).
igi mtrul ganwyobas amJRavnebs wes-Cveulebebis mimarT (gavixsenoT gam-
onaTqvamebi 6 da 15). saxarebis saerTo sistemis Sesabamisad, WeSmariti
`winadacveTa” gulisxmobs sulierebas.
avtoris negatiuri damokidebuleba iudevelTa kanonis mimarT, sa-
varaudod, aixsneba misi, rogorc gnostikosis `qveynis” mimarT uaryofi-
Ti SexedulebiT. am damokidebulebidan gamomdinare aRiqmeba 59 da 60
abzacebic. yvelaferi, rac `amqveyniuria” avtoris gakicxvas imsaxurebs,
Sesabamisad, TomasTvis damaxasiaTebelia RatakTa qeba (59), ojaxuri ka-
vSirebis rRveva (60).
61 gamonaTqvami ganmartavs winamdebare abzacebSi gadmocemul darige-
baTa mniSvnelobebs. vinc Seicnobs `qveyanas”, pulobs `gvams”. 60 da 61
abzacebs akavSirebT `sakvanZo sityvebi” (`ver gaxdeba Cemi Rirsi” – 60,
`qveyana ar aris misi Rirsi” – 61). koptur teqstSi gamoyenebulia sx-
vadasxva sityvebi, magram maT erTi mniSvneloba aqvT.
avtori xSirad ubrundeba erTsa da imave Temas. magaliTad, marxvis,
locvisa da mowyalebis (6, 15), naTesauri kavSirebis uaryofis (17, 60,
105), `qveynierebis” (61, 84) Temebs.
62 abzacSi Toma mimarTavs igavis formas, raTa ganmartos `mamis sa-
sufevlis” cnebis mniSvneloba. winamorbed gamonaTqvamTan Sinagani kavSiri
imaSi gamoixateba, rom orive `qveynis” winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli (pirvelSi
`qveyana” moxsenebulia gvamis saxiT, xolo meoreSi, eWvi araa, rom `qveya-
nas” Seefardeba RvarZli). `qveynis” daZlevis Tema viTardeba 63 abzacSic.
koptur teqstSi figurirebs termini, romelsac ori mniSvneloba Sei-
Zleba mieniWos: `ewama” da `iSroma”. arc erTi mniSvneloba ar ewinaaRm-
degeba saxarebis mizanmimarTulebebs. Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT Targmanis
pirvel variants, maSin Tavisi SinaarsiT es mcneba 59 abzacSi mocemul
gamonaTqvamTan iqneba axlos. Tu meore variantiT vixelmZRvanelebT, maSin
gamonaTqvamis arsi im Sromasa da ZalisxmevaSi mdgomareobs, romelsac
adamiani xarjavs WeSmariti Semecnebis Ziebis procesSi da romelsac
sicocxlesTan mivyavarT (`man sicocxle hpova”; Sdr. 111, sadac igive
zmnebia naxmari `mas Semdeg rac gaisarja” da `vidre ar i pova”).
sicocxlis, sikvdilis, Ziebisa da Semecnebis Temebi figurireben 64
abzacSi, romelic sam nawilad iyofa. Tavdapirvelad ieso mimarTavs
mowafeebs da mouwodebs Sexedon mas, `vinc cocxalia”, vidre cocxlebi
arian (mowafeebi), raTa ar mokvdnen da ar eZebon iesos xilvis SesaZle-
bloba, romelic ar miecemaT. orive termini (`sicocxle” da `sikvdili”)
sulieri mniSvnelobiT aris naxmari. `sicocxlis” mdgomareoba gulisx-
mobs cocxalis aRqmis SesaZleblobas, rac gamoricxavs `sikvdilis” md-
gomareobas. meore nawilSi gadmocemulia igavi samaritelsa da kravze.
SesaZlebelia misi pirvel nawilTan gaerTianeba, sadac, savaraudod, sa-
maritelis (ieso?) Sesaxeb saubaria `cocxalis” konteqstSi. igavi iwvevs
asociaciebs 7, 12, 61 abzacebTan, romlebSic Semecneba gaTanabrebulia

34
cocxalis mier mkvdaris STanTqmasTan. 64 abzacSi Semecnebis procesi
Semdegi saxiT ixateba: codnis mimRebisTvis igi aRniSnavs sicocxles,
SecnobadisaTvis – kvdomas, winamdebare Tavisufali mdgomareobidan sxva
mdgomareobaSi gadasvlas – Serwymas SecnobadSi. amitom gamonaTqvamis
daskvniTi nawili Seicavs mowafeebis gafrTxilebas: isini, romlebic dRes
cocxlebi arian, gvamebad iqcevian da STainTqmebian, Tu ar gamoiCenen Zal-
isxmevas `mSvidi adgilis” saZebnelad, Tu ar miaRweven umaRles sulier
aqtivobas. rasakvirvelia, es mxolod savaraudo ganmartebaa, vinaidan
gamonaTqvami sakmaod bundovania. gansakuTrebuli yuradreba eTmoba or
garemoebas: erTi mdgomareobidan meoreSi gadasvlis SesaZleblobas da
adamianis Zalisxmevas, mis sulier aqtivobas (`Tqven aseve eZebT TqvenTvis
adgils simSvideSi”), romelic uzrunvelyofs `simSvides”.
65 abzacSi grZeldeba orgvari arCevanis, sikvdilisa da sicocxlis,
ganxilva. gaTiSulobasa da sibneles, uaryofiT mdgomareobas, upirisp-
irdeba sicariele, rogorc gayofisTvis ararsebuli sivrce da sinaTle,
`sicocxlis” Semcveli dadebiTi mdgomareoba.
66 abzacis dazianebul nawilSi ikiTxeba mxolod iesos ramdenime
sityva: `me gauwyebT Cems saidumloebebs [...]”, romelic mogvagonebs sax-
arebis Sesavals. Tumca, am SemTxvevaSi sityva `saidumloebebi”, savarau-
dod, ukavSirdeba ara iesos moZRvrebis interpretacias, rogorc es
SesavalSia mocemuli, aramed kerZod am moZRvrebas, mis unikalurobas da
Cveulebriv warmodgenebTan SeuTavseblobas.
67 abzacSi gadmocemuli da am abzacis Semdeg nawarmoebSi moTxro-
bili yvela igavi, axali aRTqmis paraleluria. komentarebis mizani ar
aris Tomas teqstis Sedareba kanonTan, magram igavebis mimarT gamonak-
lisia daSvebuli: nawarmoebSi gadmocemuli igavebis teqstis siaxlovem
kanonikur saxarebebTan, erTnairma Tanmimdevrobam komentatorebs ukarnaxa
maTi gaazrebis gza – exelmZRvanelaT kanonikuri wyaroTi. Tumca, amJamad
yuradReba unda mivapyroT im gansxvavebebs, romlebic arseboben kanonsa
da apokrifs Soris, ramdenadac, Zalze xSirad, swored isini migviTiTeben
im mizezebze, Tu ratom aris CarTuli Tomas saxarebaSi esa Tu is igavi.
67 gamonaTqvami mogvagonebs luka maxareblis teqsts (12:16-21), Tumca
ufro lakonuria. masSi ar figurirebs mdidari kacis mimarTva sakuTari
sulisadmi da RmerTis pasuxi, aseve gamotovebulia igavis mniSvnelobis
axsna, romelsac gvamcnobs luka daskvniT sityvebSi (`isic asevea, vinc
TavisTvis iunjebs da RmerTSi ar mdidrdeba”). Tomas mier gadmocemuli
igavi kidev erTxel adasturebs azrs materialuri Rirebulebebis xrwn-
adobis Sesaxeb, romelsac Seesabameba `sikvdilis” cneba.
68 abzaci dakavSirebulia winamorbed da momdevno gamonaTqvamebTan,
rogorc igavebis formiT, aseve abzacebis pirveli frazebis identurobiT,
samiveSi figurirebs `adamiani” (`iyo mdidari adamiani” – 67, `adamians
stumrebi hyavda” – 68, `keTil adamians venaxi hqonda” – 69). samive axali
aRTqmis teqstebis paraleluria (maT. 22:2-10; luk. 14:16-24). Tomas-

35
Tan igavi mTavrdeba sityvebiT, romelic ar aris kanonikur saxarebebSi:
`myidvelebi da vaWrebi ver Sevlen mamaCemis samyofelSi”. apokrifis
konteqstidan gamomdinareobs, rom uaryofiTi muxti mimarTulia ara my-
idvelebisa da vaWrebis mimarT, aramed `qveynis” interesebTan Tanaziari
adamianebis mimarT.
67 abzaci isea agebuli, rom gadmocemuli ambavi Tavad iZleva viTa-
rebis axsnas, xolo 68 gamonaTqvami pirdapir muqaras Seicavs, kerZod,
`mamaCemis samyofelidan” mokveTas. igavi mevenaxeze (69) da momdevno gam-
onaTqvami im qvis Sesaxeb, romelic mSeneblebma daiwunes (70), Tomas
nawarmoebSi igive TanmimdevrobiTaa dalagebuli, rogorc sinoptikur
saxarebebSi. am garemoebam komentatorebi iZulebuli gaxada ganexilaT,
Tu visgan gadmoiRo Tomam teqsti. aRsaniSnavia sxva garemoebac. sinopti-
kur saxarebebSi aSkaraa kavSiri mevenaxisa da qvis Sesaxeb gadmocemul
igavebs Soris. meore igavi TiTqos amJRavnebs da avsebs pirvelis Sinaarss.
safiqrebelia, rom apokrifSi orive gamonaTqvamis mniSvneloba `qveynis”
axal moZRvrebasTan damokidebulebiT gamoixateba. sinoptikosebTan (maT.
21:42; mark. 12:10-11; luk. 20:17) ieso eyrdnoba wminda werils, TomasTan
(70) gamoxatvis forma igivea, magram araferia naTqvami wminda werilis
Sesaxeb.
momdevno oTxi abzacis komentireba SeuZlebelia, Tu maT cal-calke
ganvixilavT. daviwyoT 71 abzaciT: `iesom Tqva: man, vinc yvelaferi icis,
saWiroebs ra sakuTar Tavs, saWiroebs yvelafers”. am frazaSi moqceul
formulas Jan doresi saidumloebiT moculs uwodebs. saxezea aSkara
dapirispireba. ras aRniSnavs sityva `yvelaferi”? rogorc doresi, aseve
granti da fridmani varaudoben, rom am sityvaSi igulisxmeba ieso. 71
abzaci dakavSirebulia 72 abzacTan `sakvanZo sityvebiT” – `yvelafers”,
`yvela adgils” (71), `iq”, `im adgilas” (72). igi, iseve rogorc 73
abzaci miekuTvneba `mTaze qadagebis” netarebaTa ricxvs. am gamonaTqvamebs
safuZvlad udevT Sinagani sicocxlis dapirispireba gare samyarosTan.
73 abzaci ganmartavs 72 gamonaTqvamis mniSvnelobas, radgan daufaravad
mogviTxrobs adamianis Sinagani samyaros Sesaxeb (`netar arian isini,
romlebsac sdevnidnen TavianT gulebSi...”) da, amgvarad, naTels hfens
winamorbedi abzacis daskvniT sityvebs (“...da ver hpoveben adgils iq,
sadac gdevnidnen”). SeuZlebelia 73 gamonaTqvamis meore nawilis (`netar
arian mSierni, vinaidan visac surs, misi wiaRi gaivseba”) pirvelisgan
gancalkevebiT ganxilva. maTi mniSvnelobebis axsna SesaZlebelia, mxolod
maT Soris arsebuli kavSiris gacnobierebis SemTxvevaSi. im konteqtSi
(rogorc kerZo, aseve saerTo), romelSic es mcneba figurirebs TomasTan,
ar gvaqvs araviTari safuZveli aRviqvaT igi raime socialuri programis
saxiT. iesos dapireba mSierTa `wiaRis gavsebis” Sesaxeb, mocemuli nawar-
moebis CarCoebSi SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc mxatvruli saxe.
zemoT CamoTvlil gamonaTqvamebs SinaarsiT uaxlovdeba 74 abzaci, sa-
dac saubaria adamianis sulieri gardaqmnis Sesaxeb, romelic gulisxmobs

36
adamianis pirad Zalisxmevas. kvlav gaismis sicocxlisa da sikvdilis
Tema. 74 abzaci exmaureba 46 gamonaTqvams, romelSic saubaria rCeulTa
Sesaxeb. 74 rCeuloba damokidebuli xdeba adamianis sulier aqtivobaze
(`roca Tqven daiunjebT amas TqvenSi...”).
75 abzacSi wamoweulia iesos esqatologiuri misiis Tema. misi moZ-
Rvreba xasiaTdeba im damangreveli moqmedebis TvalsazrisiT, romelsac
igi axorcielebs saganTa arsebul wyobaze. ieso Sefasebulia, rogorc
sazRvari samyaroSi. es gamonaTqvami 76 abzacTan dakavSirebulia kon-
trastis princi piT. ukanasknel maTganSi avtori igavis eniT azustebs
adre gamoTqmul azrs: iesos saxelTan dakavSirebuli qristemde arse-
buli wesebis rRveva ar niSnavs, rom im sawyiss, romelic Tavs iCens
iesoSi, axasiaTebs gaTiSuloba (Sdr. gamonaTqvamebi 4, 27, 28).
momdevno sami abzaci (77, 78, 79) eZRvneba rCeulobis Temas da er-
TeulTa da mravalTa dapirispirebis princi pzea agebuli: `samkali bev-
ria ­muSakni cota” (77), mravalni – erTeulebi (79), uamravi – aravin
(78). teqstSi yuradReba aqcentirebulia SesaZleblobebze, romlebic
ganurCevlad eZleva yvela adamians, magram mxolod erTeulebs ZaluZT
maTi relizeba. samive abzaci erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli arian rogorc
formiT, aseve `sakvanZo sityvebiT” (`batons” – 77, `RmerTo” – 78,
`bevri” – 78, `mravalni” – 79).
axali SinaarsiT gajerebuli opozicia (mravalni – erTeulebi) ga-
dadis 80 abzacSi. igavi eZRvneba `sasufevlis” Temas, sadac saqoneli
(qveynis mravalgvarobis saxe) upirispirdeba erT margalits, romelic
asocirdeba `sasufevelTan”, saganZurTan, `romelic ar kvdeba, romelic
rCeba iq, sadac ver SeaRwevs CrCili, rom SeWamos, da [sadac] matli
ver daRupavs”. kvlav gaismis Ziebis mowodeba (`Tqvenc aseve – eZieT misi
saganZuri...”).
81 abzacSi ieso aaSkaravebs Tavis bunebas, sakuTar Tavs uwodebs
naTels, romelic yvelas moefineba da yovelives pirvelsawyisia. iesos
mier mowafeebisTvis sakuTari arsis gamJRavneba, rogorc Cans, im codnis
erT-erTi rgolia, romelsac mowafeebi TavianTi bunebis aRmoCenisaken
mihyavs. `sinaTle” apokrifis sxva gamonaTqvamebSic aris naxsenebi (ix. 12,
29, 55, 65, 87). es abzaci dakavSirebulia 82 abzacTan. Tu 81 ieso naTlad
saubrobs Tavisi bunebis Sesaxeb, SemdgomSi igi ubrundeba qaragmul for-
mas da afrTxilebs mowafeebs, rom yuradReba gaamaxvilon arsze da ara
garegnul mxareebze (Sdr. 33: `me... maT xorcielad movevline”).
igive qveteqsti SeimCneva 83 abzacSic, romelic dialogis formiTaa
agebuli (igi winamdebare abzacTan dakavSirebulia `sakvanZo sityvebiT”:
` WeSmariteba” – 82, `WeSmaritebaSi” – 83). qali brbodan saubrobs im
netarebis Sesaxeb, romelsac iesos deda ganicdis; amas ieso gansxvave-
bul cnebas upiririspirebs: `netar arian isini, romlebmac gaigones mamis
sityva [da] daicves igi WeSmaritebaSi”. Semdeg ki umatebs, rom dadgeba

37
dro, roca dedobrivi kavSirebi sulierebis mimarT, im gagebiT, rogori-
Tac igi aRiqmeba nawarmoebSi, amoiZirkveba (Sdr. 103, aseve 60 da 105).
`qveynis”, xorcieli sawyisis uaryofis Tema gaismis 84 abzacSi, ro-
melic nawilobriv imeorebs 61 gamonaTqvams. 85 abzacSi `qveyana” dapiri-
spirebulia gansxvavebul simdidresTan, romelic `sasufevelTan” aris
naziarebi (Sdr. 1 da 3). abzacis meore nawilis Sedareba Seileba 114
gamonaTqvamTan. 86 abzaci TiTqos azustebs romel saufevelze iyo sau-
bari winamorbed gamonaTqvamSi da, isev aRiZvreba cecxlis saxe (Sdr. 10,
17). 86 da 85 dakavSirebuli arian `sakvanZo sityvebiT”: `dae imefos”
(85), `sasufevlisgan” (86).
87 da 88 abzacebSi Cndeba axali Tema. mas Semdeg, rac zemoT iTqva
`sasufevlis” Sesaxeb, am Temaze gadasvla ar aris moulodneli. yvela
mkvlevaris azriT, sakmaod rTulia am gamonaTqvamebis arsSi Cawvdoma.
isini adarebdnen teqstebs axali aRTqmis tradiciebs da gnostikur
nawarmoebebs. SevecadoT am SemTxvevaSic ar gadavuxvioT erTxel ar-
Ceul princi ps, anu calkeuli teqstis ganmartebis SesaZlo sazRvrebi
gamovikvlioT nawaroebis erTianobis Tvalsazrisidan gamomdinare. am gam-
onaTqvamebSi Toma mogviTxrobs codnis sxvadasxva formebze, romlebic
Seesabamebian sxvadasxva obieqtebs. codnis pirveli safexuris Sesaxeb,
romelic saerToa yvela adamianisTvis, moTxrobilia 88 abzacSi (`roca
xedavT Tqvens msgavss, Tqven xarobT”). am `msgavsidan”, romelic mie-
kuTvneba materialuri garsis xedvas, gansxvavdebian `saxeebi”, romelTa
Sesaxeb naTqvamia, rom isini `Tqvenamde warmoiSvnen” da `arc kvdebian da
arc cxaddebian” (88). `adamians evlineba saxeebi, da naTeli, romelic
maTSia, dafarulia” (87). `msgavsis” xilvasTan SedarebiT es codnis ufro
maRali safexuria, magram `saxeebSi” dafaruli sinaTle adamianebisaTvis
uxilavia. da bolos, Semecnebis ukanasneli safexuri – gamocxadeba: `
mamis naTelis xatebaSi is [naTeli] gacxaddeba, da misi saxe dafarulia
misi naTelis gamo” (87). amgvari interpretaciiT gvesaxeba im gamonaTq-
vamis azri, romelic adamianis axal mdgomareobaSi gadasvlas eZRvneba.
es ori abzaci erTmaneTs ukavSirdebian `sakvanZo sityvebiT”: `sax-
eebi” (87), `Tqvens saxeebs” (88). kavSiri SeiniSneba 88 da 89 abzacebs
Soris (`romlebic Tqvenamde warmoiSvnen” – 88, `warmoiSva” – 89).
89 abzaci damokidebulia mis winamorbed gamonaqvamebze, vinaidan
codna, romelic miuwvdomeli iyo wina TaobebisTvis, iesos mowafeebs
sicocxlis SesaZleblobas uqadis, ayenebs maT adamze maRla, romelic
warmoiSva `didi Zalisgan da didi simdidrisgan”. fraza `igi ar aris
Tqveni Rirsi” (anu iesos mowafeebis, romlebisTvisac misawvdomia `sax-
eebisa” da naTelis xilva) saxarebaSi adrec gvxvdeba: is, vinc Seicno
qveyana, upirispirdeba Tavad qveyanas, rogorc umdables sawyiss qveynis
SemcnobelTan SedarebiT (61).
90 abzaci or winamorbed abzacze metad moiTxovs sifrTxiles. komen-
tatorebis samarTliani SeniSvnis mixedviT, igi imeorebs axali aRTqmis

38
sityvebs (`meliebs soroebi aqvT da cis frinvelT – budeebi. kacis Zes
ki arsad ara aqvs Tavis misadrekeli”. maT. 8:20; aseve ix. luk. 9:58).
aucileblad unda aRiniSnos, rom am msgavsebis gamo, 90 gamonaTqvami ise
ar unda aRviqvaT, rogorc sinoptikosebis Sesabamisi teqstebi. aRniSnul
gamonaTqvamSi araa aucilebeli davinaxoT Tomas saxarebaSi CaCxerili
ucxo sxeuli, kerZod, biografiuli elementi iesos cxovrebis aRweri-
dan. 90 abzacis fraza `kacis Ze” Seesabameba igive frazas 110 abzacidan,
sadac igi gulisxmobs iesos moZRvrebis erTgul adamianebs. 91 gam-
onaTqvami SeiZleba ganvmartoT, rogorc 90 abzacSi gamoTqmuli azris
gagrZeleba, anu vivaraudoT, rom orive abzacSi saubaria sulierebis
`amqveyniur” xvedrze.
92 abzacis komentirebisTvis saWiroa zogierTi gare paralelis
moSvelieba, Tumca isini ar iZlevian gamonaTqvamis mniSvnelobis srul
suraTs. Tuki saerTo konteqstiT vixelmZRvanelebT, maSin es gamonaTqvami
da misi momdevnoc (rogorc Cans, uSualod wes-Cveulebebis sawinaaRm-
degod mimarTuli) aviwroveben sulieri, Sinagani sawyisis sapirispiro
xorciel, garegan sawyiss.
94-99 abzacebis jgufSi viTardeba Ziebis Tema, romelic azrobrivad
igivea, rac kargad nacnobi Semecnebis Tema. 94 gamonaTqvami mogvagonebs
maTes saxarebis teqsts (11:28-30): `modiT CemTan, yovelno maSvralno da
tvirTmZimeno, da me mogasvenebT Tqven. itvirTeT Cemi uReli da iswavleT
Cemgan, vinaidan me mSvidi da Tavmdabali var, da hpovebT sulis simSvides.
vinaidan Cemi uReli advilia da Cemi tvirTi – msubuqi”. SemTxveviTi ar
rais is garemoeba, rom Tomas teqsts sxva redaqcia aqvs. 94 abzaci srul-
deba sityvebiT `da Tqven i poviT simSvides TqvenTvis”. am fraziT xazgas-
mulia iesos mowafeebis aqtiuroba dasaxuli miznis miRwevis procesSi.
kanonikur saxarebaSi ki ZiriTadi aqcenti gadatanilia iesoze, romelic
gvaniWebs simSvides (`da me mogasvenebT Tqven”).
95 abzacSi rwmena, romelic saWiroebs garegnul mtkicebulebebs,
upirispirdeba Semecnebis gansxvavebul gzas. 96 gamonaTqvamSi kvlav me-
ordeba Tema Ziebis Sesaxeb, magram ukve gacilebiT naTlad. mowafeebis
aqtiuroba igulisxmeba iesos qadagebis drosac: codna, romelsac gadas-
cems moZRvari, unda Seesabamebodes msmenelTa Ziebis miznebs. 97 abzacSi
saubaria Rirebulebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic saWiroeben ara mxolod Ziebas,
aramed moZiebulis gafrTxilebasac. 98 da 99 abzacebi 96 da 97 gamonaTq-
vamebis paraleluria. pirvel maTganSi saubaria Ziebis procesze, romelic
dagvirgvindeba napovniT. 99 abzaci gadakrulad gvagrZnobinebs, rom Cveu-
lebrivi cxovrebisgan gansxvavebiT, sulier sferoSi sxva mizandasaxu-
loba unda arsebobdes. garda Sinagani kavSirisa, gamonaTqvamebs Soris
arsebobs `sakvnZo sityvebis” kavSiri: `eZebeT”, `i poviT” (96), `vinc eZebs
i povis” (98), `ar misceT” (97), `nu gascemT” (99). aseTive kavSiri myardeba
99 da 100 gamonaTqvamebs Soris (`ar aiRebT” – 99, `aiRo” – 100).

39
momdevno sami abzaci (100-102), romlebSic gadmocemulia igavebi
`mamis sasufevlis” Sesaxeb, erTiandebian rogorc SinaarsiT, aseve az-
robrivad. `mamis sasufevlis” mniSvnelobis axsna unda veZioT im Sedar-
ebebSi, romlebic gulisxmoben maZiebelTa gzas.
102 igavi mogviTxrobs Zalisxmevaze, romelic ixarjeba `qveyanasTan”
brZolis procesSi, xolo 103 gamonaTqvamSi `qveynis” uaryofiTi aRqma
Tavs iCens naTesauri kavSirebis (“Cemi Zmebi da dedaCemi”) sulier si-
brtyeSi gadatanis Sedegad (“Sevlen mamaCemis sasufevelSi”).
104 abzaci agrZelebs azrs, rom adamianis sulieri sawyisis aqti-
uroba (`...is, rac Cemia, momeciT is me!”), arsebiTad gansxvavebulia mis
cxovrebaSi arsebul yvela sxva sawyisTan SedarebiT.
105 gamonaTqvami nawilobriv imeorebs 103. Sinagan opoziciaze age-
buli es abzaci, garkveul gaugebrobas iwvevs, radgan teqstis sakmao
nawili dazianebulia.
106-109 abzacebSi wamoweulia Tema, romelic gmobs yovelives, rac
dakavSirebulia `qveyanasTan”, rac mtrul damokidebulebaSia iesos moZ-
RvrebasTan. 106 gamonaTqvamSi xazgasmulia `qveynis” (farisevlebis saxiT)
negatiuri damokidebuleba iesos saxelTan dakavSirebuli codnis mimarT.
farisevlebis augad xseneba 107 abzacSi icvleba im adamianTa xotbiT,
vinc `qveynisgan” Sors dgas (Sdr. 107 `qveyana”, 25 “yaCaRi”).
103 da 105 gamonaTqvamebi kicxaven naTesaur kavSirebs, xolo 104
daJinebiT moiTxovs sulieri aqtiurobis gancalkevebas adamianis saqmi-
anobis sxva sferoebisgan. maTgan gansxvavebiT, 108 abzaci kvlav ubrundeba
locvisa da marxvis Temas, romelTa Sesaxeb ukve iyo saubari 6 da 15
gamonaTqvamebSi.
109 abzacSi avtori erTxel kidev mimarTavs `qveynisgan” mtruli
damokidebulebis Temas im adamianis mimarT, romelmac Seicno `mama da
deda” (sulieri mniSvnelobiT), anu Semecnebis gziT mimavali adamianis
mimarT.
nawarmoebis daskvniTi cxra abzaci erTgvarad ajamebs winamorbed
gamonaTqvamebs, isini exmaurebian im Temebis umravlesobas, romlebzec
ama Tu im konteqstSi ukve iyo saubari apokrifSi. magaliTad, 110 kvlav
wina planze swevs erTianobisa da gaTiSulobis sakiTxs (Sdr. 4, 12, 28),
111 abzacSi isev da isev vxvdebiT igavis formas `sasufevlis” Sesaxeb.
igi winamorbedebis msgavsad, eZRvneba rCeulebs, romlebic `codnis” mim-
devrebi arian.
112 gamonaTqvamSi kidev ufro SesamCnevi xdeba codnis gansakuTreb-
uli mniSvneloba. sityvebi `igi, vinc wyurvili moikla Cemi bageebidan,
gaxdeba Cemnairi” miuTiTeben im sulier mdgomareobaze, romelic ganuy-
ofelia iesosa da misi mowafeebisTvis.
113 abzaci (avtori aqac igavis formas mimarTavs) mogviTxrobs `sa-
sufevlis” Sesaxeb, romelsac SeuZlia miaRwios adamianma. es is adamiani
ar aris, vinc flobs saidumlo saganZurs (sulieri sawyisi) da araferi

40
icis amis Sesaxeb, aramed is, vinc aRmoaCens saganZurs (anu vinc Seicnobs
sakuTar Tavs). igi ubiZgebs adamians Semdgomi moqmedebisken (sulieri).
`qveynisadmi” uaryofiTi damokidebuleba kidev erTxel aisaxa 114 gam-
onaTqvamSi, romelic mogviwodebs, rom uari vTqvaT simdidreze. `qveyana”
dapirispirebulia sulier simdidresTan, romelzec saubaria 113 abzacSi.
114 da 115 abzacebi erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli arian `sakvanZo sityviT”:
`am qveyanas” (114), `qveyana” (115).
115 gamonaTqvamSi yovelive `amqveyniuri” umniSvneloa iesos mowafee-
bTan SedarebiT, romlebmac miaRwies `sasufevlis” mdgomareobas. kvlav
gaismis sicocxlisa da sikvdilis Tema: “da is, vinc cocxalia cocxalis-
gan, ver ixilavs sikvdils”. ukanasknelad da daJinebiT fiqsirdeba azri:
`is, vinc i pova Tavisi Tavi, ­qveyana ar aris misi Rirsi”.
mTavar dapirispirebas `qveyana – sasufeveli” mosdevs meore opozicia
`suli – xorci” (Sdr. 114 da 34 `suli – xorci” da 91 `suli – sxe-
uli”).
117 abzacSi avtori `sasufevlis” Temas mimarTavs pirdapir, da ara
igavis formiT. igi mkiTxvels nawarmoebis dasawyisSi gamoTqmul azrTan
abrunebs (Sdr. 2), romelic bolomde ar iyo naTeli mkiTxvelisTvis.
saxarebis 117 gamonaTqvamSi es azri ufro naTlad aris gamoxatuli. ieso
ambobs: `igi ar modis, roca elodebian. ar ityvian: ai, aq! ­an, ai, iq!
magram mamis sasufeveli vrceldeba miwaze, da adamianebi ver xedaven mas”.
iesos pasuxi mowafeebis SekiTxvaze sruliad konkretulia: sasufeveli
ekuTvnis maT, `vinc i pova sakuTari Tavi”, vinc gaxda `cocxali suli”
(118). am gamonaTqvamSi saubaria sicocxlesTan gaigivebuli im sulieri
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, romelic ar cnobs `qveynis” danawilebas (Sdr.
27 da 42). miaRwio – niSnavs Sexvide `cis sasufevelSi”. 117 da 118
abzacebi dakavSirebuli arian `sakvanZo sityvebiT”: `sasufeveli” (117),
`sasufevelSi” (118).
118 abzacis Semdeg xelnawerSi miTiTebulia nawarmoebis dasaxeleba
– Tomas saxareba.
amrigad, garda warmosaxvebis aSkara erTianobisa, garda gamonaTqv-
amebis damakavSirebeli `sakvanZo sityvebisa”, apokrifSi SeimCneva nawar-
moebis stilisturi mTlianoba. es gamoixateba ara marto mxatvrul xe-
rxebSi Tu dapirispirebebis princi pSi, romelTa saSualebiTac yalibdeba
gamonaTqvamebis wyoba da maTi erTmaneTTan Serwyma, aramed calkeuli
abzacebis mniSvnelobaTa gadmocemis saSualebebSi.
nawarmoebis safuZvlianad Seswavlisas sruliad ifanteba pirveli
gaogneba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom akrZala eklesiam saxareba. miuxedavad
imisa, rom didia garegnuli msgavseba kanonTan da mravali gamonaTqvamidan
mxolod nawils ara aqvs paralelebi axali aRTqmis saxarebebTan, nawar-
moebis saerTo mizanmimarTuleba arakanonikuria. germaneli Teologis
adolf fon harnakis azriT, kanonSi gamokveTilia sami ideuri safuZveli:
moZRvreba RmerTis mbrZaneblobis Sesaxeb, uflisa da moyvasis siyvaru-

41
lis Sesaxeb da codvebis mitevebis Sesaxeb. Tomas saxarebaSi maT cvlis
moZRvreba erTiani sulieri sawyisis Sesaxeb, orgvari mdgomareobis Ses-
axeb da adamianis TviTSemecnebis, rogorc sasufevlisaken mimavali gzis
Sesaxeb.
rCeulobis Tema gadajaWvulia `qveynis” gadalaxvisa da `sasufeve-
lis” miRwevis SesaZleblobis ideasTan. isini Riaa sulieri sawyisis
matarebeli adamianebisaTvis, magram mxolod erTeulebs ZaluZT am Sesa-
Zleblobis realizeba.
Tomas saxarebaSi iesos saxe sinoptikosebTan an ioanesTan SedarebiT
sxvagvarad aris gadmocemuli. nawarmoebSi ver naxavT detalebs, romlebic
Seexeba iesos sicocxlesa da mis jvarze sikvdils, sruliad ar igrZnoba
istoriebis Txrobis tendencia, romelic kanonSi sakmaod Zlieria. maT
magivrad xatovnad aris gadmocemuli moZRvrebis safuZvlebi. cxonebis
gza gaazrebulia, rogorc Ziebis gza, gansakuTrebuli saxis Semecnebis
gza, romelic orientirebulia eqstazze da ara logikur azrovnebaze.
saxarebis erT-erTi mizania, ganawyos adamiani yovelive amis mimarT.
nawarmoebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia esTetikuri mTlianoba, Tumca av-
tori, rasakvirvelia, mdidar tradiciebs flobda, savaraudod zepir-
sityviersac da werilobiTsac, magram erTi ar ewinaaRmdegeba meores.
apokrifi ar aris kompilaciuri (naSromi, romelic agebulia sxvadasxva
avtorisgan nasesxebi masalebiT) nawarmoebi, igi Semoqmedebis nayofia.

42

También podría gustarte