APG – NEOPLASIAS I

Prof. Dr. Fernando Vázquez

Concepto. Generalidades. Terminología. Clasificación

UAX
Neoplasia
El cáncer es un proceso lógico y coordinado en el que una célula (o un grupo de ellas) sufre cambios y adquiere capacidades
especiales diferentes de las células normales. De esta forma, las células cancerosas no están sujetas a las restricciones usuales
(normales) concernientes a la proliferación celular, impuestas por la biología tisular y corporal.

• tejido anormal
• Proliferación excesiva, incontrolada, irreversible y progresiva
• Células del propio organismo
• Capacidad de división
• Características morfológicas y funcionales diferentes
• Persistentes cuando la causa a desaparecido
 Cáncer es una enfermedad genética
Los daños en el genoma celular son características comunes en la mayoría de las neoplasias
Características

• Autonomía: no reacciona a mecanismos de regulación fisiológica (inhibidores)

• Falta de coordinación entre las células tumorales y el tejido matriz, siendo

siempre de crecimiento independiente y anárquico.

Estructura. Componentes
Población de células neoplásicas (parénquima)
Infiltrado inflamatorio, tejido conectivo, vasos (estroma)

Características macroscópicas
(Es importante describir lo mejor posible algo que en general los AP no vemos)

Características microscópicas
Características macroscópicas
(Es importante describir lo mejor posible algo que en general los AP no vemos)
Masa,.........................??
Macroscópicamente se observa bazo una nodulación tumoral blanco amarillenta con área quística de
17 x 12 mm.

El médico clínico tiene la obligación de exigir buenas radiografías del segmento óseo
comprometido. Si ellas demuestran una lesión ósea de aspecto tumoral, el radiólogo
debe hacer dos cosas:
•Una descripción objetiva, empleando un lenguaje exacto, con el objeto de
expresar en la mejor forma posible el aspecto de la lesión.
•Dar una opinión fundamentada de la naturaleza probable de la lesión.

pieza de resección tumoral seccionada en varios fragmentos, que miden en conjunto 3 cms. de
dimensión máxima, de coloración rojiza, consistencia media.
 Características macroscópicas

• Áreas circunscriptas ( generalmente de pequeño tamaño)

• Cápsula fibrosa (respuesta del organismo)
• Ulceraciones (por fricciones y contaminados con reacción inflamatoria)
• Consistencia firme (sobre todo cuando tienen abundante estroma conectivo)
• Superficie de corte (blanquecina)
• Necrosis (por coagulación y hemorragias)
•Cavitarios (glándulas)
•Bordes
•Escisión de tejido sano y enfermo, si es posible
 © Copyright UAX
Veterinary medicine
 © Copyright UAX
Veterinary medicine
 © Copyright UAX
Veterinary medicine
 © Copyright UAX
Veterinary medicine
 Características microscópicas

Reproducen el tipo celular del tejido de procedencia

Niveles de diferenciación

Células normales alta diferenciación

Células tumorales anaplasia en diferentes grados
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Veterinary medicine
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Veterinary medicine
 Clasificación
Métodos diagnósticos:
Tinciones rutinarias
• Diversas Inmunohistoquímica

clasificaciones
•Recomendable
la clasificación Por estirpe o linaje de tejidos:
de la OMS
Tumores epiteliales
Tumores de mesénquima
Tejido linfoide
Tumores reproductor (gónadas – mamas)
Tumores del sistema nervioso
 •Tumores epiteliales (piel y anexos)

•Tumores de mesénquima

•Tejido linfoide

•Tumores reproductor (gónadas – mamas)

•Tumores del sistema nervioso

Representan el 40% de los tumores en perros

Y el 20% de los tumores de gatos

La mayoría de los tumores de piel de los perros son benignos

En cambio en gatos la mayoría son malignos
Tumors of the Epidermis
Epithelial Tumors without
2.1 Benign Squamous or Adnexal
Differentiation
2.1.1 Papilloma
(papillomatosis) 1.1 Basal cell tumor (basal
cell epithelioma)
2.1.2 Inverted papilloma
1.2 Basal cell carcinoma
2.2 Malignant
1.2.1 Infiltrative
2.2.1 Actinic keratosis (solar
keratosis) 1.2.2 Clear cell
2.2.2 Multicentric squamous
cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen-
like disease)
2.2.3 Squamous cell carcinoma
2.2.4 Basosquamous
carcinoma
Tumors with Adnexal Differentiation
3.1 Follicular tumors
3.1.1 Infundibular keratinizing acanthoma
(intra-cutaneous cornifying epithelioma,
keratoacanthoma)
3.1.2 Tricholemmoma
3.1.2.1 Inferior
3.1.2.2 Isthmic
3.1.3 Trichoblastoma
3.1.3.1 Ribbon
3.1.3.2 Trabecular
3.1.3.3 Granular cell
3.1.3.4 Spindle
3.1.4 Trichoepithelioma
3.1.5 Malignant trichoepithelioma (matrical
carcinoma)
3.1.6 Pilomatricoma (pilomatrixoma,
necrotizing and calcifying epithelioma of
Malherbe)
3.1.7 Malignant pilomatricoma (pilomatrix
carcinoma)
3.2 Nailbed tumors
3..4. Apocrine and modified apocrine gland
tumors
3.4.1 Apocrine adenoma
3.4.2 Complex and mixed apocrine adenoma
3.4.3 Apocrine ductal adenoma
3.4.4 Apocrine carcinoma
3.4.5 Complex and mixed apocrine carcinoma
3.4.6 Apocrine ductal carcinoma
3.4.7 Ceruminous adenoma
3.4.8 Complex and mixed ceruminous adenoma
3.4.9 Ceruminous gland carcinoma
3.4.10 Complex and mixed ceruminous
carcinoma
3.4.11 Anal sac gland adenoma (adenoma of
the apocrine glands of the anal sac)
3.4.12 Anal sac gland carcinoma (carcinoma of
the apocrine glands of the anal sac)
3.5 Eccrine (atrichial) tumors
3.5.1 Eccrine adenoma
3.5.2 Eccrine carcinoma
.3 Sebaceous and modified
sebaceous gland tumors
3.3.1 Sebaceous adenoma
3.3.2 Sebaceous ductal adenoma
3.3.3 Sebaceous epithelioma
3.3.4 Sebaceous carcinoma
3.3.5 Meibomian adenoma
3.3.6 Meibomian ductal adenoma
3.3.7 Meibomian epithelioma
3.3.8 Meibomian carcinoma
3.3.9 Hepatoid gland adenoma
(perianal gland adenoma,
circumanal gland adenoma)
3.3.10 Hepatoid gland epithelioma
(perianal gland epithelioma,
circumanal gland epithelioma)
3.3.11 Hepatoid gland carcinoma
(perianal gland carcinoma,
circumanal gland carcinoma)
8 Melanocytic Tumors
8.1 Melanocytoma (dermal
melanoma, benign melanoma)
8.2 Melanoacanthoma
8.3 Malignant melanoma
8.4 Melanocytic hyperplasia (lentigo,
lentigo simplex)
Epithelial Tumors without Squamous or Adnexal
3.2.1 Subungual keratoacanthoma (nailbed
Differentiation 5 Cysts
keratoacanthoma)
1.1 Basal cell tumor (basal cell epithelioma) 5.1 Infundibular cyst (epidermoid cyst,
3.2.2 Subungual squamous cell carcinoma (nailbed
1.2 Basal cell carcinoma epidermal cyst, epidermal inclusion cyst)
squamous cell carcinoma)
1.2.1 Infiltrative 5.2 Dilated pore
3.3 Sebaceous and modified sebaceous gland tumors
1.2.2 Clear cell 5.3 Isthmus cyst
3.3.1 Sebaceous adenoma
2 Tumors of the Epidermis 5.4 Panfollicular (trichoepitheliomatous) cyst
3.3.2 Sebaceous ductal adenoma
2.1 Benign 5.5 Dermoid cyst (dermoid sinus)
3.3.3 Sebaceous epithelioma
2.1.1 Papilloma (papillomatosis) 5.6 Sebaceous duct cyst
3.3.4 Sebaceous carcinoma
2.1.2 Inverted papilloma 5.7 Apocrine cyst(s) (apocrine cystomatosis)
3.3.5 Meibomian adenoma
2.2 Malignant 5.8 Ciliated cyst
3.3.6 Meibomian ductal adenoma
2.2.1 Actinic keratosis (solar keratosis) 5.9 Subungual epithelial inclusion cyst
3.3.7 Meibomian epithelioma
2.2.2 Multicentric squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen- 6 Hamartomas
3.3.8 Meibomian carcinoma
like disease) 6.1 Epidermal hamartoma (pigmented
3.3.9 Hepatoid gland adenoma (perianal gland
2.2.3 Squamous cell carcinoma epidermal nevus)
adenoma, circumanal gland adenoma)
2.2.4 Basosquamous carcinoma 6.2 Follicular hamartoma
3.3.10 Hepatoid gland epithelioma (perianal gland
3 Tumors with Adnexal Differentiation 6.3 Sebaceous hamartoma
epithelioma, circumanal gland epithelioma)
3.1 Follicular tumors 6.4 Apocrine hamartoma
3.3.11 Hepatoid gland carcinoma (perianal gland
3.1.1 Infundibular keratinizing acanthoma (intra-cutaneous 6.5 Fibroadnexal hamartoma (adnexal nevus,
carcinoma, circumanal gland carcinoma)
cornifying epithelioma, keratoacanthoma) focal adnexal dysplasia, folliculosebaceous
3.1.2 Tricholemmoma hamartoma)
3..4. Apocrine and modified apocrine gland tumors
3.1.2.1 Inferior 7 Tumor-like Lesions
3.4.1 Apocrine adenoma
3.1.2.2 Isthmic 7.1 Squamous papilloma
3.4.2 Complex and mixed apocrine adenoma
3.1.3 Trichoblastoma 7.2 Pressure point comedones
3.4.3 Apocrine ductal adenoma
3.1.3.1 Ribbon 7.3 Cutaneous horn
3.4.4 Apocrine carcinoma
3.1.3.2 Trabecular 7.4 Warty dyskeratoma
3.4.5 Complex and mixed apocrine carcinoma
3.1.3.3 Granular cell 7.5 Sebaceous hyperplasia (senile nodular
3.4.6 Apocrine ductal carcinoma
3.1.3.4 Spindle sebaceous hyperplasia)
3.4.7 Ceruminous adenoma
3.1.4 Trichoepithelioma 7.6 Fibroepithelial "polyp" (cutaneous tag, skin
3.4.8 Complex and mixed ceruminous adenoma
3.1.5 Malignant trichoepithelioma (matrical carcinoma) tag, acrochordon)
3.4.9 Ceruminous gland carcinoma
3.1.6 Pilomatricoma (pilomatrixoma, necrotizing and 7.7 Fibropruritic nodule (acral lick granuloma)
3.4.10 Complex and mixed ceruminous carcinoma
calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe) 8 Melanocytic Tumors
3.4.11 Anal sac gland adenoma (adenoma of the
3.1.7 Malignant pilomatricoma (pilomatrix carcinoma) 8.1 Melanocytoma (dermal melanoma, benign
apocrine glands of the anal sac)
3.2 Nailbed tumors melanoma)
3.4.12 Anal sac gland carcinoma (carcinoma of the
8.2 Melanoacanthoma
apocrine glands of the anal sac)
8.3 Malignant melanoma
3.5 Eccrine (atrichial) tumors
8.4 Melanocytic hyperplasia (lentigo, lentigo
3.5.1 Eccrine adenoma
simplex)
3.5.2 Eccrine carcinoma
4 Tumors Metastatic to the Skin
•Tumores epiteliales (piel y anexos)

•Tumores de mesénquima

•Tejido linfoide

•Tumores reproductor (gónadas – mamas)

•Tumores del sistema nervioso

 5 Tumors of Vascular Tissue
Tumors of Fibrous Tissue
5.1 Benign
1.1 Benign
5.1.1 Hemangioma 10 Histiocytic Tumors
1.1.1 Fibroma
5.1.2 Lymphangioma 10.1 Benign
1.1.2 Collagenous hamartoma
5.1.3 Scrotal vascular hamartoma 10.1.1 Canine cutaneous histiocytoma
1.1.3 Nodular dermatofibrosis of the German shepherd
5.1.4 Cutaneous bovine angiomatosis 10.1.2 Xanthoma
dog
5.2 Intermediate 10.2 Intermediate
1.1.4 Nodular fasciitis
5.2.1 Kaposi-like vascular tumor 10.2.1 Cutaneous histiocytosis
1.1.5 Myxoma
5.3 Malignant 10.2.2 Systemic histiocytosis
1.1.6 Equine sarcoid
5.3.1 Hemangiosarcoma 10.3 Malignant
1.2 Malignant
5.3.2 Lymphangiosarcoma 10.3.1 Malignant histiocytosis
1.2.1 Fibrosarcoma
5.3.2.1 Feline ventral abdominal angiosarcoma 11 Miscellaneous Tumors
1.2.1.1 Feline postvaccinal
12.1 Malignant 11.1 Benign
1.2.1.2 Canine well-differentiated maxillary and
12.1.1 Canine hemangiopericytoma 11.1.1 Calcinosis circumscripta
mandibular
12.1.2 Malignant mesenchymoma 12 Unclassified Tumors
1.2.2 Myxosarcoma
6 Tumors of Peripheral Nerves
1.2.3 Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
6.1 Benign
1.2.3.1 Storiform-pleomorphic
6.1.1 Traumatic neuroma
1.2.3.2 Inflammatory
6.1.2 Granular cell tumor
1.2.3.3 Giant cell
6.1.3 Benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the skin
2 Tumors of Adipose Tissue
and subcutis [neurofibroma, schwannoma]
2.1 Benign
6.2 Malignant
2.1.1 Lipoma
6.2.1 Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the skin
2.1.1.1 Infiltrative lipoma
and subcutis [neurofibrosarcoma, malignant schwannoma]
2.1.2 Angiolipoma
7 Tumors of Synovium
2.2 Malignant
7.1 Malignant
2.2.1 Liposarcoma
7.1.1 Synovial cell sarcoma
2.2.1.1 Well-differentiated
8 Tumors of Mesothelium
2.2.1.2 Pleomorphic
8.1 Intermediate
2.2.1.3 Myxoid
8.1.1 Mesothelioma
3 Tumors of Smooth Muscle
9 Mast Cell Tumors
3.1 Benign
9.1 Feline
3.1.1 Leiomyoma
9.1.1 Feline, "histiocytic"
3.2 Malignant
9.2 Canine
3.2.1 Leiomyosarcoma
9.2.1 Canine, grade I
4 Tumors of Striated Muscle
9.2.2 Canine, grade II
4.1 Benign
9.2.3 Canine, grade III
4.1.1 Rhabdomyoma
9.3 Other species
4.2 Malignant
4.2.1 Rhabdomyosarcoma
4.2.1.1 Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary
bladder
•Tumores epiteliales (piel y anexos)

•Tumores de mesénquima

•Tejido linfoide

•Tumores reproductor (gónadas – mamas)

•Tumores del sistema nervioso

TUMORS OF LYMPHOID SYSTEM 2 T-Cell and NK-Cell Lymphoid Neoplasms
1. B-Cell Lymphoid Neoplasms 2.1 Precursor T-cell neoplasms TUMORS OF THE MYELOID SYSTEM
1.1 Precursor B-cell neoplasms 2.1.1 T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
1.1.1 B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma 2.2 Mature T-cell and NK neoplasms
1.2 Mature B-cell neoplasms 2.2.1 Large granular lymphoproliferative disorders (LGL) 1 Malignant Myeloid Proliferations
1.2.1 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 2.2.1.1 T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia 1.1 Precursor myeloid leukemia
1.2.2 B-cell lymphocytic lymphoma intermediate type 2.2.1.2 T-cell LGL lymphoma/leukemia 1.1.1 Acute myeloid leukemia/undifferentiated leukemia (AML M0)
(LLI) 2.2.1.3 NK-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia 1.1.2 Acute myeloid leukemia without maturation (AML M1)
1.2.3 Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) 2.2.2 Cutaneous T-cell neoplasms 1.1.3 Acute myeloid leukemia with maturation (AML M2)
1.2.4 Follicular lymphomas 2.2.2.1 Cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma (CEL) 1.1.4 Acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML M3)
1.2.4.1 Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) 2.2.2.1.1 CEL, mycosis fungoides type 1.1.5 Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AML M4)
1.2.4.2 Follicular center cell lymphoma I 2.2.2.1.2 CEL, pagetoid reticulosis (Woringer-Kolopp) type 1.1.6 Acute monoblastic leukemia (AML M5A)
1.2.4.3 Follicular center cell lymphoma II 2.2.2.2 Cutaneous nonepitheliotropic lymphoma 1.1.7 Acute monocytic leukemia (AML M5B)
1.2.4.4 Follicular center cell lymphoma III 2.2.3 Extranodal/peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) 1.1.8 Erythroleukemia (AML M6A)
1.2.4.5 Nodal marginal zone lymphoma 2.2.3.1 PTCL, mixed lymphoid type 1.1.9 Erythremic myelosis (AML M6B)
1.2.4.6 Splenic marginal zone lymphoma 2.2.3.2 PTCL, mixed inflammatory type 1.1.10 Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AML M7)
1.2.5 Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of 2.2.4 Adult T-cell like lymphoma/leukemia 1.2 Chronic myelogenous leukemias (CML)
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) 2.2.5 Angioimmunoblastic lymphoma (AILD) 1.2.1 CML, neutrophilic
1.2.6 Hairy cell leukemia 2.2.6 Angiotropic lymphoma 1.2.2 CML, eosinophilic
1.2.7 Plasmacytic tumors 2.2.6.1 Angiocentric lymphoma 1.2.3 CML, monocytic
1.2.7.1 Indolent plasmacytoma 2.2.6.2 Angioinvasive lymphoma 1.2.4 Polycythemia vera
1.2.7.2 Anaplastic plasmacytoma 2.2.7 Intestinal T-cell lymphoma 1.2.5 Megakaryocytic myelosis/essential thombocythemia
1.2.7.3 Plasma cell myeloma 2.2.8 Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) 1.3 Myelodysplastic syndromes
1.2.8 Large B-cell lymphomas 1.3.1 Idiopathic myelofibrosis/myeloid metaplasia (MMM)
1.2.8.1 T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma 1.3.2 Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML)
1.2.8.2 Large cell immunoblastic lymphoma 3 Miscellaneous Tumors 1.3.4 Refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB)
1.2.8.3 Diffuse large B-cell (noncleaved, cleaved) 3.1 Mast cell tumor
lymphoma 3.2 Hodgkin-like lymphoma
1.2.8.4 Thymic B-cell lymphoma (mediastinal B) 3.3 Thymoma 2 Solid Myeloid Proliferations
1.2.8.5. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma 3.4 Thymic carcinoma (malignant thymoma) 2.1 Cutaneous histiocytoma
1.2.9 Burkitt-type lymphoma 3.5 Myelolipoma 2.2 Cutaneous histiocytosis (cutaneous reactive histiocytosis)
1.2.9.1 High-grade B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt-like 3.6 Malignant fibrous histiocytoma 2.3 Systemic histiocytosis (systemic reactive histiocytosis)
2.4 Histiocytic sarcoma/malignant histiocytosis
2.5 Granulocyitc sarcoma
4 Benign Lymphoid Proliferations
4.1 Follicular lymphoid hyperplasia
4.2 Atypical follicular lymphoid hyperplasia 3 Benign Myeloid Proliferations
4.3 Paracortical lymphoid hyperplasia 3.1 Leukemoid reaction
3.2 Leukopenia with left shift
3.3 Post-toxic response
3.4 Loeffler-like syndrome
•Tumores epiteliales (piel y anexos)

•Tumores de mesénquima

•Tejido linfoide

•Tumores reproductor (gónadas – mamas)

•Tumores del sistema nervioso

MALE FEMALE 5 Tumors of the Uterine Tube (Oviduct)
1 Tumors of the Testis 1 Tumors of the Ovary 5.1 Epithelial tumors
1.1 Sex cord-stromal (gonadostromal) tumors 1.1 Sex cord-stromal (gonadostromal) tumors 5.1.1 Adenoma
1.1.1 Interstitial (Leydig) cell tumor 1.1.1 Granulosa cell tumor (granulosa-theca cell tumor) 5.1.2 Adenocarcinoma
1.1.2 Sertoli (sustentacular) cell tumor 1.1.2 Thecoma (theca cell tumor) 5.2 Mesenchymal tumors
1.2 Germ cell tumors 1.1.3 Interstitial cell tumor (luteoma, lipid cell tumor, 5.2.1 Lipoma
1.2.1 Seminoma steroid cell tumor) 6 Tumors of the Uterus
1.2.2 Teratoma 1.2 Germ cell tumors 6.1 Epithelial tumors
1.2.3 Embryonal carcinoma 1.2.1 Dysgerminoma 6.1.1 Adenoma of the endometrium
1.3 Mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumors 1.2.2 Teratoma 6.1.2 Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium
2 Tumors Metastatic to the Testis 1.2.3 Embryonal carcinoma 6.2 Mesenchymal tumors
3 Tumors of the Collecting System 1.3 Epithelial tumors 6.2.1 Fibroma
4 Tumors of the Testicular Adnexal Structures 1.3.1 Papillary adenoma, papillary cystadenoma 6.2.2 Leiomyoma
4.1 Mesothelioma 1.3.2 Papillary adenocarcinoma 6.2.3 Leiomyosarcoma
5 Miscellaneous Tumors of the Testis and Adnexa 1.3.3 Rete adenoma 7 Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
6 Tumorlike Lesions of the Epididymis 1.4 Mesenchymal tumors 7.1 Subinvolution of placental sites in the bitch
6.1 Adenomyosis of the epididymis 1.4.1 Hemangioma 8 Tumorlike Lesions of the Uterus
7 Tumors of Accessory Reproductive Organs 1.4.2 Leiomyoma 8.1 Adenomyosis of the uterus
7.1 Tumors and tumorlike lesions of the canine prostate 2 Tumors Metastatic to the Ovary 8.2 Cystic endometrial hyperplasia
7.1.1 Hyperplasia of the prostate 3 Tumorlike Lesions of the Ovary 8.3 Endometrial cysts
7.1.2 Adenocarcinoma of the prostate 3.1 Adenomatous hyperplasia of the rete ovarii 8.4 Endometrial polyp
7.1.3 Mesenchymal tumors of the prostate 3.2 Papillary hyperplasia of the surface epithelium 8.5 Lymphangiectasia
7.1.4 Tumors metastatic to the prostate 3.3 Stromal hyperplasia 8.6 Wolffian (mesonephric duct cysts)
8 Tumors of the Penis 3.4 Vascular hamartoma 8.7 Serosal cysts
8.1 Squamous papilloma 4 Cysts in and around the Ovary 9 Tumors Metastatic to the Uterus
8.2 Squamous cell carcinoma 4.1 Cysts in the ovary 10 Tumors of the Cervix
8.3 Transmissible venereal tumor of dogs 4.1.1 Graafian follicle cysts 11 Tumors of the Vagina and Vulva
8.4 Fibropapilloma of cattle 4.1.2 Luteinized cysts 11.1 Epithelial tumors
8.5 Transmissible genital papilloma of pigs 4.1.3 Epithelial inclusion cysts in the mare (fossa cysts) 11.1.1 Papilloma
4.1.4 Cysts of the subsurface epithelial structures in the 11.1.2 Fibropapilloma of cattle
bitch 11.1.3 Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva
4.1.5 Cystic rete ovarii 11.1.4 Urothelial carcinoma involving the canine vestibule
4.2 Cysts around the ovary 11.2 Mesenchymal tumors
4.2.1 Cysts of wolffian (mesonephric) tubules and ducts 11.2.1 Leiomyoma
4.2.2 Cysts of müllerian (paramesonephric) duct 11.3 Transmissible venereal tumor
12 Tumorlike Lesions of the Vulva and Vagina
12.1 Cysts
12.2 Edema of the vulva
•Tumores epiteliales (piel y anexos)

•Tumores de mesénquima

•Tejido linfoide

•Tumores reproductor (gónadas – mamas)

•Tumores del sistema nervioso

CANINE
FELINE
1 Malignant Tumors
1.1 Noninfiltrating (in situ) carcinoma 1 Malignant Tumors
1.2 Complex carcinoma 1.1 Noninfiltrating (in situ) carcinoma
1.3 Simple carcinoma 1.2 Tubulopapillary carcinoma
1.3.1 Tubulopapillary carcinoma 1.3 Solid carcinoma
1.3.2 Solid carcinoma 1.4 Cribriform carcinoma
1.3.3 Anaplastic carcinoma 1.5 Squamous cell carcinoma
1.4 Special types of carcinomas 1.6 Mucinous carcinoma
1.4.1 Spindle cell carcinoma 1.7 Carcinosarcoma
1.4.2 Squamous cell carcinoma 1.8 Carcinoma or sarcoma in benign tumor
1.4.3 Mucinous carcinoma 2 Benign Tumors
1.4.4 Lipid-rich carcinoma 2.1 Adenoma
1.5 Sarcoma 2.1.1 Simple adenoma
1.5.1 Fibrosarcoma 2.1.2 Complex adenoma
1.5.2 Osteosarcoma 2.2 Fibroadenoma
1.5.3 Other sarcomas 2.2.1 Low-cellularity fibroadenoma
1.6 Carcinosarcoma 2.2.2 High-cellularity fibroadenoma
1.7 Carcinoma or sarcoma in benign tumor 2.3 Benign mixed tumor
2 Benign Tumors 2.4 Duct papilloma
2.1 Adenoma 3 Unclassified Tumors
2.1.1 Simple adenoma 4 Mammary Hyperplasias/Dysplasias
2.1.2 Complex adenoma 4.1 Ductal hyperplasia
2.1.3 Basaloid adenoma 4.2 Lobular hyperplasia
2.2 Fibroadenoma 4.2.1 Epithelial hyperplasia
2.2.1 Low-cellularity fibroadenoma 4.2.2 Adenosis
2.2.2 High-cellularity fibroadenoma 4.2.3 Fibroadenomatous change (feline mammary hypertrophy, fibroepithelial
2.3 Benign mixed tumor hypertrophy)
2.4 Duct papilloma 4.3 Cysts
3 Unclassified Tumors 4.4 Duct ectasia
4 Mammary Hyperplasias/Dysplasias 4.5 Focal fibrosis (fibrosclerosis)
4.1 Ductal hyperplasia
4.2 Lobular hyperplasia
4.2.1 Epithelial hyperplasia
4.2.2 Adenosis
4.3 Cysts
4.4 Duct ectasia
4.5 Focal fibrosis (fibrosclerosis)
4.6 Gynecomastia
Etiopatogenia
• Concepto
• Tipos de carcinogénesis:
– Unifactorial
Carcinogénesis:
Química
– Multifactorial Física
Infecciosa

Factores intrínsecos:
Genéticos-hereditarios (raza, especie, sexo)
Endocrinos
Estados de inmunodeficiencia
 Carcinogénesis química

• Contaminantes ambientales
Hidrocarburos aromáticos
Nitrosaminas
Colorantes
Micotoxinas
Etc.

Reparación
Muerte celular
Neoplasia
Carcinogénesis física

• Mecánicos
• Térmicos
• Radiaciones

Carcinogénesis infecciosa
• Virus oncogénicos (Ellman y Bang 1908)
• Oncogenes ADN y ARN
– Producción de partículas víricas

– Activación y producción de virus

– Transformación en células tumorales

Características microscópicas generales.
Benignos:
alta diferenciación celular
escasas mitosis
raramente focos de necrosis
sin metástasis
sin recidivas

Malignos:
indiferenciados
Anaplasia
Pleomorfismo
Índice mitótico alto
Mitosis aberrantes
Necrosis - hemorragias
Inflamación
Metástasis – émbolos tumorales

Características macroscópicas generales: Localización

Pleomorfismo

– Núcleos voluminosos
– Aumento relación N/C
– Aumento en las figuras mitóticas
– Mitosis atípicas
– Citoplasmas escasos y basófilos
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Mitosis
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Mecanismos de crecimiento

• No muestran inhibición por contacto

• No reconocimiento del entorno
• Presentan menor cohesión
• Presentan independencia de uniones
• Menores necesidades de factores de crecimiento
• No frenan los mecanismos de división
Crecimiento

Factores que influyen:

– Vascularización
– Presencia de células inflamatorias

Aumento en el metabolismo celular de las células tumorales

Tipos de crecimiento

• Lentos (tumores benignos) • Expansivo (adenomas)

• Rápidos(tumores malignos) • Infiltrativo (mastocitoma)

• Locales (fibroma) • Exofítico (papiloma)

• Múltiples o multicéntricos (linfomas) • Endofítico (carcinomas)
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Metastasis y recidiva

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Vías:
Linfógena
Hematógena
Canalicular
Contacto
 TUMORES BENIGNOS Y MALIGNOS

•Diferenciados • Indiferenciados
•Expansivos y lentos • Infiltrativos y rápidos
•capsulados • Recidivas y metástasis

OMA CARCINOMA
SARCOMA
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Diagnostic Methods for Neoplasia

Method Application

What the health care worker learns from talking to the patient and through direct examination may give clues to the
History and Physical
presence of a neoplasm. Signs and symptoms such as weight loss, fatigue, and pain may be present. A mass may be
Examination
palpable or visible.

The use of plain films (x-rays), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mammography, and
Radiographic Techniques ultrasonography (US) may be very helpful to detect the presence and location of mass lesions. The findings from these
methods may aid in staging and determination of therapy.

General findings such as anemia, enzyme abnormalities (such as an increased alkaline phosphatase), and hematuria or
positive stool occult blood are helpful to suggest further workup. More specific testing, such as measurement of prostate
Laboratory Analyses specific antigen levels, may help to determine the presence of specific neoplasms, but such tests are not perfect screening
tools in a general population. Detection of specific genes (such as BRCA-1 for breast cancer) may suggest an increased risk
for some malignancies.

Methods that sample cells can be simple and cost-effective and minimally invasive. A good example is the Pap smear for
Cytology diagnosis of cervical dysplasias and neoplasms. Cells exfoliated into body fluids may also be examined. Fine needle
aspiration (FNA) can be used to sample a variety of mass lesions.

Methods that sample small pieces of tissue (biopsy) from a particular site, often via endoscopic techniques (such as
colonoscopy, upper endoscopy, or bronchoscopy) can often yield a specific diagnosis of malignancy. At surgery, portions
Tissue Biopsy and Surgery
of an organ or tissue can be sampled, or the diseased tissue(s) removed and examined in surgical pathology to determine
the stage and grade of the neoplasm.

Sometimes neoplasms are not detected or completely diagnosed during life. The autopsy serves as a means of quality
assurance for clinical diagnostic methods, as a way of confirming diagnoses helpful in establishing risks for family
Autopsy
members, as a means for gathering statistics for decision making about how to approach diagnosis and treatment of
neoplasms, and to provide material for future research.
Staging of Malignant Neoplasms

Stage Definition
Tis In situ, non-invasive (confined to epithelium)

T1 Small, minimally invasive within primary organ site

T2 Larger, more invasive within the primary organ site

T3 Larger and/or invasive beyond margins of primary organ site

T4 Very large and/or very invasive, spread to adjacent organs

N0 No lymph node involvement

N1 Regional lymph node involvement

N2 Extensive regional lymph node involvement

N3 More distant lymph node involvement

M0 No distant metastases

M1 Distant metastases present

Grading of Malignant Neoplasms

Grade Definition

I Well differentiated
II Moderately differentiated
III Poorly differentiated
IV Nearly anaplastic
 Consecuencias de las neoplasias

• PRONÓSTICO

• FAVORABLES

• DESFAVORABLES

• RESERVADO