In ogni ordinamento dotato di un sistema di tutela della concorrenza c.d. antitrust, la “mano vis... more In ogni ordinamento dotato di un sistema di tutela della concorrenza c.d. antitrust, la “mano visibile” volta a correggere le storture del mercato, l’equilibrio di ruoli e di responsabilità tra l’Autorità irrogatrice di misure sanzionatorie ed il giudice chiamato a valutarne la legittimità costituisce un aspetto di sensibile criticità. Il rapporto problematico tra esercizio della funzione pubblica e sindacato giurisdizionale non solo va al di là degli atti delle Autorità amministrative indipendenti ed abbraccia tutti i poteri pubblici, ma è comune a molti altri ordinamenti in cui vi è un controllo giurisdizionale sull’esercizio dei pubblici poteri. Il contributo si propone di ripercorrere la giurisprudenza in materia e di individuare il ruolo del sindacato giurisdizionale nell'ambito della tutela della concorrenza
On Few months after the long-awaited judgment of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in the Intel... more On Few months after the long-awaited judgment of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in the Intel case mainly dealing with exclusivity-rebates, the Italian Competition Authority (hereinafter also referred to “ICA” or “Authority”) fined Unilever Italia Mkt. Operations S.r.l. (hereinafter also referred to “Unilever”), the Italian branch of the Anglo-Dutch consumer goods company, for abuse of dominance in the market of impulse packaged ice cream, applying exclusivity purchasing obligations and loyalty rebates to its retail clients. As a consequence of this decision of 31 October 2017, ICA ordered to the company to pay a fine of just over € 60 million and adopt suitable measures to put an end to the anti-competitive practices.
This paper analyzes the path paved by the Italian Constitutional Court (ICC) in order to reconcil... more This paper analyzes the path paved by the Italian Constitutional Court (ICC) in order to reconcile the series of its inconsistent judgments dealing with free trade, right to economic initiative, and freedom of competition. For this purpose, this article aims at investigating the role of the Italian Constitutional Court in the ‘constitutionalization’ of free trade and freedom of competition and at assessing the relationship between European Union policies and the Constitutional Court interpretation thereof.The last decade demonstrates, on the one hand, that the European Union law has influenced the domestic case law and, on the other hand, that, in turn, the European Union legal system has been ‘constitutionalized’ through the introduction of social and constitutional principles deriving from the Member States’ Constitutions.
L’articolo e diretto ad analizzare i modelli di regionalismo differenziato, adottati in Italia ed... more L’articolo e diretto ad analizzare i modelli di regionalismo differenziato, adottati in Italia ed in Spagna. Infatti, la riforma della Costituzione italiana del 2001 ha posto in essere un sistema regionale articolato su tre livelli di autonomia: le Regioni a Statuto speciale, le Regioni a Statuto ordinario e le Regioni ad autonomia rafforzata. L’Italia ha, quindi, scelto un modello regionale asimmetrico, in grado di adattare il livello di autonomia necessario per ogni Regione. Parimenti, il modello regionale asimmetrico spagnolo e stato in grado di mantenere l’unita dello Stato e dare, allo stesso tempo, la possibilita di autonomia agli enti locali. La considerazione delle differenze economiche, linguistiche e storiche e stata espressa specialmente dallo Statuto catalano. Si tratta di un modello razionalizzato che ha introdotto, sin dal preambolo, un catalogo di diritti ed un articolato meccanismo di collegamento con l’Unione Europea. L’esempio della Catalogna potrebbe rappresentare...
This research aims to focus on the basis of the freedom of competition in the constitutional syst... more This research aims to focus on the basis of the freedom of competition in the constitutional systems. On one hand, the thesis reconstructs the antitrust role in the constitutional framework and, on the other hand, it investigates the relationship between the antitrust enforcement and the interests of the community and of the private citizen, as a consumer. Competition is a rule of neutralization of the power and the choice of the market structure is an expression of the correlation between power and liberty. The need for a balance between authority and liberty was the reason of the adoption of the Sherman Act in the United States of America. In order to analyze the relationship between power and liberty - besides the cultural, institutional and judicial evolution of the competition in the Italian constitutional system - the thesis develops the history of the adoption of the Sherman Act. The US experience is shaped by the role of the competition regulation as an instrument of public ...
The article aims to investigate the roots and role of the principle (and then right) of good admi... more The article aims to investigate the roots and role of the principle (and then right) of good administration in the European Union. Article 41 of the Charter of Nice states the right to have a good admnistration: for the first time an international catalogue of human rights includes a procedural right. Nevertheless, as stressed by European jurisprudence, the right to good administration is more than a procedural right, because it belongs to the constitutional tradition of the Member States: it is based on the principles of rule of law, democracy and legality. Furthermore, the contribution will explain the meanings of “good administration” and “maladministration”, the grounds of the complaints received by the Ombudsman. Thus, the article defends the complementary and not opposite relationship between the two concepts. Moreover, whereas the European Ombudsman strived to give a positive definition of maladministration, the formation of the right to good administration has been developed...
... as a general prin-ciple of law (4). Nevertheless, the first step to codification (5) of the c... more ... as a general prin-ciple of law (4). Nevertheless, the first step to codification (5) of the concept of good administration, and its formulation as a right, was made by the European OmbudsmanJacob Söderman. ... (21) For communication see: C-49/88, Al-Jubail Fertilizer vs. ...
This paper analyzes the path paved by the Italian Constitutional Court (ICC) in order to reconcil... more This paper analyzes the path paved by the Italian Constitutional Court (ICC) in order to reconcile the series of its inconsistent judgments dealing with free trade, right to economic initiative, and freedom of competition. For this purpose, this article aims at investigating the role of the Italian Constitutional Court in the ‘constitutionalization’ of free trade and freedom of competition and at assessing the relationship between European Union policies and the Constitutional Court interpretation thereof.
The last decade demonstrates, on the one hand, that the European Union law has influenced the domestic case law and, on the other hand, that, in turn, the European Union legal system has been ‘constitutionalized’ through the introduction of social and constitutional principles deriving from the Member States’ Constitutions.
The research aims at investigating how the Italian constitutional legal system get past the prima... more The research aims at investigating how the Italian constitutional legal system get past the primary interventionist approach to economy through the penetration of the European economic culture. The European influence is reflected in the evolution of the constitutional jurisprudence regarding the interpretation of the “common good”, as a boundary of the freedom of economic initiative, as stated by Article 41, paragraph 2, of the Italian Constitution. Hence, without the European legal system influence, it could not be achieved the Italian transition from the mere declaration of economic initiative freedom to the effective implementation of the free trade and competition principles. Therefore, the European Union law yielded an about-turn in Italy: from the narrowing of the economic freedoms and of the civil society autonomy to an evolutionary process, whereas the free market culture is not considered as a disvalue, but as a value to develop in order to foster economic and organizing efficiency. By the way of conclusion, the analysis deals with the constitutional case-law on the new legislative measures of liberalization, balanced by the “common good” regarded as protection of the health, environment, labour and cultural heritage.
Revista General de Derecho Constitucional, Abril 2014, n. 18, 2014
The paper aims to investigate the models of differentiated regionalism, as adopted in Italy and i... more The paper aims to investigate the models of differentiated regionalism, as adopted in Italy and in Spain. In fact, the 2001 Italian constitutional reform built a regional system articulated on three levels of autonomy: historical special Regions, ordinary Regions and ordinary Regions with strengthened autonomy. Indeed, Italy chose an asymmetric regional model, able to fit the due level of autonomy for every Region.
Likewise, the older Spanish asymmetric model has been able to keep the State unity and to give, at the same time, the chance for a self-government to the local bodies. The consideration of the economic, linguistic and historic differences has been expressed especially by the Catalan Statute. It is a rationalized model that introduced, beside a loaded preamble, a catalogue of rights and an articulated system of connections with the European Union. The example of Catalonia could be useful for the review of Italian special Regions statutes, like Sicily, where many proposals have been discussed in order to renew the regional charter.
Indeed, the article explains that the balance between uniformity and differentiation is the challenge of the compound State within an asymmetric model, on the purpose to reach cohesion and to show off the differences among the several Regions.
In ogni ordinamento dotato di un sistema di tutela della concorrenza c.d. antitrust, la “mano vis... more In ogni ordinamento dotato di un sistema di tutela della concorrenza c.d. antitrust, la “mano visibile” volta a correggere le storture del mercato, l’equilibrio di ruoli e di responsabilità tra l’Autorità irrogatrice di misure sanzionatorie ed il giudice chiamato a valutarne la legittimità costituisce un aspetto di sensibile criticità. Il rapporto problematico tra esercizio della funzione pubblica e sindacato giurisdizionale non solo va al di là degli atti delle Autorità amministrative indipendenti ed abbraccia tutti i poteri pubblici, ma è comune a molti altri ordinamenti in cui vi è un controllo giurisdizionale sull’esercizio dei pubblici poteri. Il contributo si propone di ripercorrere la giurisprudenza in materia e di individuare il ruolo del sindacato giurisdizionale nell'ambito della tutela della concorrenza
On Few months after the long-awaited judgment of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in the Intel... more On Few months after the long-awaited judgment of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in the Intel case mainly dealing with exclusivity-rebates, the Italian Competition Authority (hereinafter also referred to “ICA” or “Authority”) fined Unilever Italia Mkt. Operations S.r.l. (hereinafter also referred to “Unilever”), the Italian branch of the Anglo-Dutch consumer goods company, for abuse of dominance in the market of impulse packaged ice cream, applying exclusivity purchasing obligations and loyalty rebates to its retail clients. As a consequence of this decision of 31 October 2017, ICA ordered to the company to pay a fine of just over € 60 million and adopt suitable measures to put an end to the anti-competitive practices.
This paper analyzes the path paved by the Italian Constitutional Court (ICC) in order to reconcil... more This paper analyzes the path paved by the Italian Constitutional Court (ICC) in order to reconcile the series of its inconsistent judgments dealing with free trade, right to economic initiative, and freedom of competition. For this purpose, this article aims at investigating the role of the Italian Constitutional Court in the ‘constitutionalization’ of free trade and freedom of competition and at assessing the relationship between European Union policies and the Constitutional Court interpretation thereof.The last decade demonstrates, on the one hand, that the European Union law has influenced the domestic case law and, on the other hand, that, in turn, the European Union legal system has been ‘constitutionalized’ through the introduction of social and constitutional principles deriving from the Member States’ Constitutions.
L’articolo e diretto ad analizzare i modelli di regionalismo differenziato, adottati in Italia ed... more L’articolo e diretto ad analizzare i modelli di regionalismo differenziato, adottati in Italia ed in Spagna. Infatti, la riforma della Costituzione italiana del 2001 ha posto in essere un sistema regionale articolato su tre livelli di autonomia: le Regioni a Statuto speciale, le Regioni a Statuto ordinario e le Regioni ad autonomia rafforzata. L’Italia ha, quindi, scelto un modello regionale asimmetrico, in grado di adattare il livello di autonomia necessario per ogni Regione. Parimenti, il modello regionale asimmetrico spagnolo e stato in grado di mantenere l’unita dello Stato e dare, allo stesso tempo, la possibilita di autonomia agli enti locali. La considerazione delle differenze economiche, linguistiche e storiche e stata espressa specialmente dallo Statuto catalano. Si tratta di un modello razionalizzato che ha introdotto, sin dal preambolo, un catalogo di diritti ed un articolato meccanismo di collegamento con l’Unione Europea. L’esempio della Catalogna potrebbe rappresentare...
This research aims to focus on the basis of the freedom of competition in the constitutional syst... more This research aims to focus on the basis of the freedom of competition in the constitutional systems. On one hand, the thesis reconstructs the antitrust role in the constitutional framework and, on the other hand, it investigates the relationship between the antitrust enforcement and the interests of the community and of the private citizen, as a consumer. Competition is a rule of neutralization of the power and the choice of the market structure is an expression of the correlation between power and liberty. The need for a balance between authority and liberty was the reason of the adoption of the Sherman Act in the United States of America. In order to analyze the relationship between power and liberty - besides the cultural, institutional and judicial evolution of the competition in the Italian constitutional system - the thesis develops the history of the adoption of the Sherman Act. The US experience is shaped by the role of the competition regulation as an instrument of public ...
The article aims to investigate the roots and role of the principle (and then right) of good admi... more The article aims to investigate the roots and role of the principle (and then right) of good administration in the European Union. Article 41 of the Charter of Nice states the right to have a good admnistration: for the first time an international catalogue of human rights includes a procedural right. Nevertheless, as stressed by European jurisprudence, the right to good administration is more than a procedural right, because it belongs to the constitutional tradition of the Member States: it is based on the principles of rule of law, democracy and legality. Furthermore, the contribution will explain the meanings of “good administration” and “maladministration”, the grounds of the complaints received by the Ombudsman. Thus, the article defends the complementary and not opposite relationship between the two concepts. Moreover, whereas the European Ombudsman strived to give a positive definition of maladministration, the formation of the right to good administration has been developed...
... as a general prin-ciple of law (4). Nevertheless, the first step to codification (5) of the c... more ... as a general prin-ciple of law (4). Nevertheless, the first step to codification (5) of the concept of good administration, and its formulation as a right, was made by the European OmbudsmanJacob Söderman. ... (21) For communication see: C-49/88, Al-Jubail Fertilizer vs. ...
This paper analyzes the path paved by the Italian Constitutional Court (ICC) in order to reconcil... more This paper analyzes the path paved by the Italian Constitutional Court (ICC) in order to reconcile the series of its inconsistent judgments dealing with free trade, right to economic initiative, and freedom of competition. For this purpose, this article aims at investigating the role of the Italian Constitutional Court in the ‘constitutionalization’ of free trade and freedom of competition and at assessing the relationship between European Union policies and the Constitutional Court interpretation thereof.
The last decade demonstrates, on the one hand, that the European Union law has influenced the domestic case law and, on the other hand, that, in turn, the European Union legal system has been ‘constitutionalized’ through the introduction of social and constitutional principles deriving from the Member States’ Constitutions.
The research aims at investigating how the Italian constitutional legal system get past the prima... more The research aims at investigating how the Italian constitutional legal system get past the primary interventionist approach to economy through the penetration of the European economic culture. The European influence is reflected in the evolution of the constitutional jurisprudence regarding the interpretation of the “common good”, as a boundary of the freedom of economic initiative, as stated by Article 41, paragraph 2, of the Italian Constitution. Hence, without the European legal system influence, it could not be achieved the Italian transition from the mere declaration of economic initiative freedom to the effective implementation of the free trade and competition principles. Therefore, the European Union law yielded an about-turn in Italy: from the narrowing of the economic freedoms and of the civil society autonomy to an evolutionary process, whereas the free market culture is not considered as a disvalue, but as a value to develop in order to foster economic and organizing efficiency. By the way of conclusion, the analysis deals with the constitutional case-law on the new legislative measures of liberalization, balanced by the “common good” regarded as protection of the health, environment, labour and cultural heritage.
Revista General de Derecho Constitucional, Abril 2014, n. 18, 2014
The paper aims to investigate the models of differentiated regionalism, as adopted in Italy and i... more The paper aims to investigate the models of differentiated regionalism, as adopted in Italy and in Spain. In fact, the 2001 Italian constitutional reform built a regional system articulated on three levels of autonomy: historical special Regions, ordinary Regions and ordinary Regions with strengthened autonomy. Indeed, Italy chose an asymmetric regional model, able to fit the due level of autonomy for every Region.
Likewise, the older Spanish asymmetric model has been able to keep the State unity and to give, at the same time, the chance for a self-government to the local bodies. The consideration of the economic, linguistic and historic differences has been expressed especially by the Catalan Statute. It is a rationalized model that introduced, beside a loaded preamble, a catalogue of rights and an articulated system of connections with the European Union. The example of Catalonia could be useful for the review of Italian special Regions statutes, like Sicily, where many proposals have been discussed in order to renew the regional charter.
Indeed, the article explains that the balance between uniformity and differentiation is the challenge of the compound State within an asymmetric model, on the purpose to reach cohesion and to show off the differences among the several Regions.
I LEADING CASE DEL DIRITTO AMMINISTRATIVO Guida ragionata alle decisioni delle Corti superiori, 2023
Il volume propone una guida ragionata dei percorsi tracciati in materia di diritto amministrativo... more Il volume propone una guida ragionata dei percorsi tracciati in materia di diritto amministrativo dalle Corti superiori attraverso le proprie decisioni di fondamentale importanza (leading case), allo scopo di offrire agli operatori del diritto e a coloro che si preparano ai concorsi pubblici uno strumento efficace e di agevole consultazione per l’indispensabile conoscenza della più significativa casistica giurisprudenziale nazionale ed europea.
Il testo, pertanto, disamina la quasi totalità delle pronunce dell’Adunanza Plenaria del Consiglio di Stato adottate nel corso degli ultimi anni e le più importanti sentenze rilevanti per il diritto amministrativo delle Sezioni Unite della Corte di cassazione, della Corte costituzionale, della Corte di Giustizia dell’Unione Europea e della Corte Europea dei Diritti dell’Uomo.
L’analisi delle oltre 450 decisioni pronunciate dai vari plessi giurisdizionali è stata svolta in modo sintetico ed esaustivo per mezzo della ricostruzione di più di 170 percorsi concernenti i principali istituti del diritto amministrativo oggetto di accesi e recenti dibattiti pretori. Al fine di facilitare la consultazione del volume sono stati inseriti un agile indice sistematico dei percorsi giurisprudenziali ed un completo indice cronologico di tutte le sentenze illustrate.
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Papers by Elisabetta Lanza
The last decade demonstrates, on the one hand, that the European Union law has influenced the domestic case law and, on the other hand, that, in turn, the European Union legal system has been ‘constitutionalized’ through the introduction of social and constitutional principles deriving from the Member States’ Constitutions.
Hence, without the European legal system influence, it could not be achieved the Italian transition from the mere declaration of economic initiative freedom to the effective implementation of the free trade and competition principles. Therefore, the European Union law yielded an about-turn in Italy: from the narrowing of the economic freedoms and of the civil society autonomy to an evolutionary process, whereas the free market culture is not considered as a disvalue, but as a value to develop in order to foster economic and organizing efficiency.
By the way of conclusion, the analysis deals with the constitutional case-law on the new legislative measures of liberalization, balanced by the “common good” regarded as protection of the health, environment, labour and cultural heritage.
Likewise, the older Spanish asymmetric model has been able to keep the State unity and to give, at the same time, the chance for a self-government to the local bodies. The consideration of the economic, linguistic and historic differences has been expressed especially by the Catalan Statute. It is a rationalized model that introduced, beside a loaded preamble, a catalogue of rights and an articulated system of connections with the European Union. The example of Catalonia could be useful for the review of Italian special Regions statutes, like Sicily, where many proposals have been discussed in order to renew the regional charter.
Indeed, the article explains that the balance between uniformity and differentiation is the challenge of the compound State within an asymmetric model, on the purpose to reach cohesion and to show off the differences among the several Regions.
The last decade demonstrates, on the one hand, that the European Union law has influenced the domestic case law and, on the other hand, that, in turn, the European Union legal system has been ‘constitutionalized’ through the introduction of social and constitutional principles deriving from the Member States’ Constitutions.
Hence, without the European legal system influence, it could not be achieved the Italian transition from the mere declaration of economic initiative freedom to the effective implementation of the free trade and competition principles. Therefore, the European Union law yielded an about-turn in Italy: from the narrowing of the economic freedoms and of the civil society autonomy to an evolutionary process, whereas the free market culture is not considered as a disvalue, but as a value to develop in order to foster economic and organizing efficiency.
By the way of conclusion, the analysis deals with the constitutional case-law on the new legislative measures of liberalization, balanced by the “common good” regarded as protection of the health, environment, labour and cultural heritage.
Likewise, the older Spanish asymmetric model has been able to keep the State unity and to give, at the same time, the chance for a self-government to the local bodies. The consideration of the economic, linguistic and historic differences has been expressed especially by the Catalan Statute. It is a rationalized model that introduced, beside a loaded preamble, a catalogue of rights and an articulated system of connections with the European Union. The example of Catalonia could be useful for the review of Italian special Regions statutes, like Sicily, where many proposals have been discussed in order to renew the regional charter.
Indeed, the article explains that the balance between uniformity and differentiation is the challenge of the compound State within an asymmetric model, on the purpose to reach cohesion and to show off the differences among the several Regions.
Il testo, pertanto, disamina la quasi totalità delle pronunce dell’Adunanza Plenaria del Consiglio di Stato adottate nel corso degli ultimi anni e le più importanti sentenze rilevanti per il diritto amministrativo delle Sezioni Unite della Corte di cassazione, della Corte costituzionale, della Corte di Giustizia dell’Unione Europea e della Corte Europea dei Diritti dell’Uomo.
L’analisi delle oltre 450 decisioni pronunciate dai vari plessi giurisdizionali è stata svolta in modo sintetico ed esaustivo per mezzo della ricostruzione di più di 170 percorsi concernenti i principali istituti del diritto amministrativo oggetto di accesi e recenti dibattiti pretori. Al fine di facilitare la consultazione del volume sono stati inseriti un agile indice sistematico dei percorsi giurisprudenziali ed un completo indice cronologico di tutte le sentenze illustrate.